Experiment No. 01: Study of the flow through a parabolic nozzle.

Objectives:

1. To determine the pressure distribution along the parabolic nozzle.

2. To determine the velocity distribution along the parabolic nozzle.
3. To draw the Velocity vs Axial distance curve.
4. To calculate the actual and average flow rate through the nozzle.

Experimental Procedure:

Step-1: Start the motor to run the blower and set the constant rpm to gain steady flow
conditions.

Step-2: Open the throttle valve to 50%.

Step-3: Select the pipe taping point at different cross sections of the nozzle when the flow rate
is uniform.

Step-4: Take the manometer reading along the selected pipe taping point.

Step-5: Repeat the step-4 for 100% throttle valve opening.

Step-6: Calculate the pressure, velocity, actual, theoretical and average flow rate.

Discussion:

1. What do you learn from this experiment from the fluid mechanics point of view?
2. What are the practical applications of these experimental results?
3. Explain your own understanding from the comparison of theoretical and experimental
analysis of a parabolic nozzle.
4. Limitations and future recommendations.

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 Data Sheet

Experiment Name:
Experiment No:

Student ID: Date:

Throat Manometer Pressure Flow Theoretical Actual Average

Location Nozzle Dia
Opening Reading Difference Velocity Flow Rate Flow Rate Flow Rate
(mm) d (mm)
(%) hw (mm) ∆P (N/m2) V (m/s) Qt (m3/s) Qa (m3/s) Qav (m3/s)
0

50

100

Given Data: d2 = 50 mm, Motor Speed = 1500 rpm, Cd = 0.985, Specific Gravity of Air =
0.0021.

Signature of the Course Teacher

2
Experiment No. 02: Study of the frictional loss for sudden
enlargement of the pipe.
Objectives:

1. To determine the theoretical head loss for sudden enlargement of the pipe.
2. To plot the Head loss vs Flow rate curve.

Experimental Procedure:

Step-1: Start the motor to run the blower and set the constant rpm to gain steady flow
conditions.

Step-2: Open the throttle valve to 10%.

Step-3: Select the pipe taping point when the flow of discharge is uniform.

Step-4: Take the manometer reading (Frictional Loss and Velocity head) along the selected pipe
taping point.

Step-5: Repeat the step-4 for different flow rate by varying the throttle valve opening.

Step-6: Calculate the velocity, theoretical head loss and flow rate.

Discussion:

1. What do you learn from this experiment from the fluid mechanics point of view?
2. What are the practical applications of these experimental results?
3. Explain your own understanding from experimental analysis of frictional loss for
sudden enlargement of the pipe.
4. Limitations and future recommendations.

3
 Data Sheet

Experiment Name:

Experiment No:

Student ID: Date:

Throttle Valve Actual Theoretical

Velocity Head Flow Velocity Flow Rate
S/N Opening Head Loss Head Loss
hw (mm) V (m/s) Qav (m3/s)
(%) Hfa (mm) Hft (mm)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Given Data: A1 = 0.00494 m2, A2 = 0.001964 m2, Motor Speed = 1500 rpm, Specific Gravity
of Air = 0.0021.

Signature of the Course Teacher

4
Experiment No. 03: Study fluid friction in a circular rough and
smooth pipe.
Objectives:

1. To determine the coefficient of fluid friction in a pipe.

2. To determine the theoretical head loss in the pipe.
3. To plot the Reynold’s number vs Friction factor curve.
4. To plot the Actual head loss vs Velocity of the fluid in the pipe.

Experimental Procedure:

Step-1: Close all ball valves before connecting the pump.

Step-2: Select the rough pipe of inner diameter 17 mm.

Step-3: Open the first valve V1 of the rough pipe and switch on the pump. Then control the
circulation of water using flow regulation valve slowly and observe how the interior indicator
of the flow meter rises.

Step-4: Collect the manometer reading along the selected taping for frictional loss and flow
rate.

Step-5: Repeat step-4 for different Reynold’s number by controlling the flow control valve.

Step-6: Repeat step-2 to step-5 for smooth pipe of diameter 6.5 mm.

Discussion:

1. What do you learn from this experiment from the fluid mechanics point of view?
2. What are the practical applications of these experimental results?
3. Explain your own understanding from experimental analysis of frictional loss for
different types of the pipe used in engineering applications.
4. Limitations and future recommendations.

5
 Data Sheet

Experiment Name:
Experiment No:

Student ID: Date:

Given Data for Rough Pipe: L=0.5 m, D=17 mm, and µa=1.846×10-6 kg.s/m2

Flow Flow Actual Head Reynolds Theoretical Theoretical Actual Friction

S/N Rate Velocity Loss Number Friction Factor Head Loss Factor
Q (l/min) V (m/s) hfa (mm) Re ft hft (mm) fa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Given Data for Smooth Pipe: L=0.5 m, D=6.5 mm, and µa=1.846×10-6 kg.s/m2

Flow Flow Actual Head Reynolds Theoretical Theoretical Actual Friction

S/N Rate Velocity Loss Number Friction Factor Head Loss Factor
Q (l/min) V (m/s) hfa (mm) Re ft hft (mm) fa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Signature of the Course Teacher

6
Experiment No. 04: Study and design of a pipe network system
Objectives:

1. To draw and level the fittings properly.

2. To study the function and characteristics of the fittings.
3. To design a pipeline system including all the fittings.

Fittings: Union Socket, Plain Socket, Reducer, Tee, Elbow, Nipple, Bend, Gate Valve, Bib
Cock, Piller Cock, Stop Cock, Foot Valve, Ball Valve, Flange, Nut, Bolt and Pipe.

Calculation Procedure:

1. Size Selection.
2. Loss Calculation. (Frictional head loss, Fitting loss and other minor losses)
3. Thermal expansion calculation.

Experimental Procedure:

Step-1: Fix up the target and consider the tank/pump capacity.

Step-2: Calculate the total pipe length, number of fittings and material of the pipe.

Step-3: Select the velocity of the flow for different conditions of the pipe system.

Step-4: Calculate the frictional losses, minor losses, fitting losses, thermal expansion and total
loss.

Step-5: Layout the total pipe network with standard symbols of fittings and pipes.

Discussions:

1. What do you learn from this experiment from the fluid mechanics point of view?
2. What are the practical applications of these experimental results?
3. Explain your own understanding from experimental analysis of a pipe network system.
4. Limitations and future recommendations.

7
Experiment No. 05: Study the Pressure, Lift and Drag force of an
Airfoil.
Objectives:

1. To measure the pressure distribution over the plane and curved surfaces of the airfoil
model.
2. To calculate the theoretical lift and drag force from along the pressure distribution.
3. To plot pressure drop vs taping point curve.
4. To measure the lift and drag forces for different angles of attack of an airfoil model.
5. To calculate the lift and drag coefficient.
6. To plot the lift and drag coefficient vs angle of attack curve.

Experimental Procedure:

Step-1: Run the blower and set constant free air stream velocity.

Step-2: Take the manometer reading at different taping points for both plane and curved surface
of the airfoil, when the flow of discharge is uniform.

Step-3: Replace the airfoil and set the angle of attack to zero. Adjust the lift and drag force
measurement scale at zero position and null point.

Step-4: Take the lift and drag force reading for different angles of attack of the airfoil.

Discussions:

1. What do you learn from this experiment from the fluid mechanics point of view?
2. What are the practical applications of these experimental results?
3. Explain your own understanding from experimental analysis of an airfoil.
4. Limitations and future recommendations.

8
 Data Sheet

Experiment Name:
Experiment No:

Student ID: Date:

Given Data: V = 2.0 m/s, Angle of Attack = 0°.

Lift Force
Tap No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
L (N)
Curved Pressure Head
Surface hk (mm)
Flat Pressure Head
Surface hk (mm)
Curved Pressure Drag Force
Surface P (N/m2) D (N)
Flat Pressure
Surface P (N/m2)
Pressure Difference
∆P (N/m2)
Given Data: V = 2.0 m/s, ρa=1.15 kg/m3, A = 0.016 m2, 1 m of hw=90.81 kN/m2, Sp. Gravity
(Kerosene) = 0.787.

Angle of
Drag Force Lift Force Drag Co-efficient Lift Co-efficient
S/N Attack
D (N) L (N) CD CL
(°)

1 0
2 4
3 8
4 12
5 16
6 20
7 24
8 28
9 32
10 40