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03_MEC511 Lab Manual (2)

The document outlines an experiment to investigate the relationship between pressure and temperature for steam in a constant volume process using a benchtop steam boiler setup. It details the apparatus, procedure, and calculations required to compare experimental results with reference values from steam tables. The experiment emphasizes safety and is designed for educational purposes under trained supervision.

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daniel.avella777
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4 views

03_MEC511 Lab Manual (2)

The document outlines an experiment to investigate the relationship between pressure and temperature for steam in a constant volume process using a benchtop steam boiler setup. It details the apparatus, procedure, and calculations required to compare experimental results with reference values from steam tables. The experiment emphasizes safety and is designed for educational purposes under trained supervision.

Uploaded by

daniel.avella777
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Updated by: Prof. R. S.

Budny
Jan. 10, 2016
Cancelled
Temperature-Pressure Relationship
Objective
This experiment investigates the relationship between pressure and temperature for steam
undergoing a constant volume process, and provides an opportunity to compare experimental
results against reference values.

Figure 1 new: WL 204 general view

Apparatus
The experiment WL 204 Steam pressure curve of saturated steam demonstrates the correlation
between steam pressure and heating temperature on an enclosed model steam boiler. An
insulated steel vessel is filled with a defined quantity of water and sealed pressure-tight. The
water is heated by an electric heater and brought to the boil. To record the heating and steam
temperature the unit has a temperature sensor element with an electronic evaluation unit and a
Experimental Data
Record your observations here. Make note of the units.
Atmospheric pressure:
Atmospheric temperature:
digital display. The steam pressure occurring in the boiler during the experiments is calculated
and indicated by a mechanical manometer. A safety valve prevents excess pressure build-up in
the boiler. The setup of this bench-top unit permits the saturated steam pressure curve of water to
be determined steplessly up to a pressure of 16 bar. The measurement can be compared against
the tabulated values from the relevant literature. The experiment is executed as a user-friendly
benchtop unit. However, for safety reasons it should only be run under the supervision of trained
personnel, as experimenting with hot steam by nature involves a certain risk. It is designed only
for educational and training purposes.
Procedure

Measure the barometric pressure. Correct for local conditions (temperature, ambient
pressure).
Switch on the unit at the master switch (9).
Switch on the heater at the heater switch (10) and heat up the boiler. The heater control is
limited to a temperature of 200 C in order to prevent excess pressure build-up.
Deaerating the Boiler: Heat up the boiler to 100 °C. Let the water cook approx. 1 min. so that
the steam can pass through the open valve (3).
Log the boiler pressure and temperature values in increments of approximately 0.5 bar (Table
1).
Compare your own measurements with the values from the literature.
Shutting Down the Boiler: After the experiment switch off the unit at the master switch.
Disconnect the unit from the mains power. Leave the boiler to cool down.
Calculations and Discussion
For each gauge pressure reading, calculate the absolute pressure and the corresponding
pressure-temperature pairs from saturated steam tables (eg. Table A-2 or A-3 in Moran and
Shapiro’s  Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics). Remember: Steam tables are
written in absolute pressure!
Plot your results in tabular form.
Plot both your absolute pressure versus temperature results and the steam table values, as two
separate curves on one plot for comparison. Determine the maximum and average percentage
difference between your results and the published steam table values. Provide some plausible
reasons for any discrepancies.
• See next page for sample calculations and steam properties Table A.3.
Sample Interpolation for Temperature T* Using Observed Pressure p abs

1) Suppose patm = 1.013 b (i.e., 101.3 kPa) and observations pair (prel, T) = (1.5 b, 134.5°C).
2) Set pabs = prel + patm = 1.5 + 1.013 = 2.513 b. Nearest pressures in Table A.3 are 2.50 & 3.00 b.
3) Read nearest (p, T) pairs: (p1, T1) = (2.50 b, 127.4°C) and (p2, T2) = (3.00 b, 133.6°C).
4) Calculate ratio r = (pabs - p1) / (p2 - p1) = (2.513 – 2.50) / (3.00 – 2.50) = 0.02600.
5) Interpolate for T* = (1 - r)·T1 + r·T2 = (1 - 0.02600)(127.4) + (0.02600)(133.6) = 127.6°C.
6) Error in observed T is E% = 100(T – T*) / T* = 100(134.5 – 127.6) / 127.6 = +5.408%.
7) Repeat steps 2) to 6) for each new (prel, T) pair. You need to find new pairs (p1, T1) & (p2, T2).
8) On one graph with two curves, plot pabs on x-axis and T & T* on y-axis.

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