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Bolt Eccentric Theory

The document discusses eccentric loaded bolt connections, detailing two cases: when the load lies in the same plane as the connection and when it is perpendicular. It outlines the forces acting on the bolts, the design procedures for each case, and the necessary calculations to ensure the joint's safety against shear and tension. Additionally, it references IS 800:2007 for methods of analysis and provides design steps for determining the required number of bolts and checking their strength.

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Hari Paudel
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13 views

Bolt Eccentric Theory

The document discusses eccentric loaded bolt connections, detailing two cases: when the load lies in the same plane as the connection and when it is perpendicular. It outlines the forces acting on the bolts, the design procedures for each case, and the necessary calculations to ensure the joint's safety against shear and tension. Additionally, it references IS 800:2007 for methods of analysis and provides design steps for determining the required number of bolts and checking their strength.

Uploaded by

Hari Paudel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Eccentric loaded Bolt connection

Sometime a Bolt may be subjected to a load which may not pass through the CG of rivet
group. Such connection is known as eccentric load connection
➢ When the load and connection lie in same plane (fig-a)
➢ When the load and connection does not lie in same plane (fig-b)

Fig-a

Fig-b
Case (i) - When the load and connection lie in same plane (Load lying in
plane of bolted joint)
P
The figure shown below shows bolt joint subjected to load P at distance ‘e’ from the
connection is acting in same plane as that of connection. Here the bolts are to resist.
▪ Direct load (P)
▪ Moment (M)=P*e

𝑷
a) Therefore, Direct axial shear, 𝑭𝒂 =
𝒏

Where n= total no. of bolts in group & 𝑭𝒂 = Force on each bolt due to axial
load
b) Again, Rotational shear or shear due to moment on each bolts Force due to moment
‘M’ of any bolts
Fm  r ,
where, r= radial distance of bolts from cg of bolts group
𝐹𝑚
Fm= Kr 𝐾= where, k= proportional constant
𝑟
Again moment due to Fm in each bolt = Fm*r
= K*r*r = k*r2
Hence, the total moment will be :
Mt = Fm *r =  (kr)*r =  k r2 = k r2
𝐹𝑚
but, 𝐾 =
𝑟
𝐹𝑚
M= k r2 = ∑ 𝑟2
𝑟

𝑴∗𝒓 𝑷𝒆∗𝒓
𝑭𝒎 = ∑ =
𝒓𝟐 ∑ 𝒓𝟐

Where ∑ 𝑟 2 = 𝑟12 + 𝑟22 + 𝑟32 + − − − − 𝑟𝑛2


For extreme bolt
𝑃 𝑀∗𝑟 𝑃𝑒∗𝑟
𝐹𝑎 = and 𝐹𝑚 = ∑ =
𝑛 𝑟2 ∑ 𝑟2

Thus, resultant for Fr acting on the bolt is given by

𝑭𝒓 = √𝑭𝟐𝒂 + 𝑭𝟐𝒎 + 𝟐𝑭𝒂 𝑭𝒎 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝜽


Where  = angle between the forces F𝑎 & Fm

Design procedure for eccentric load lying in plane of bolt groups:


• Assume a suitable diameter ‘d’ for the bolt.
• Find strength of one bolt in shear, bearing and get bolt value, Bv.
• If moment coming on the joint is much less compare to the direct load, use
formula: n = P/ Bv to find approximate numbers of bolts.
• Arrange the total number of bolts in two or more vertical lines at a suitable
spacing, edge and pitch.
• If moment on the joint is much high compare to the direct load, use formula:
6𝑀
n=√
𝑛′ 𝑝∗𝐵𝑣

• Here, n = number of bolts per line. p = pitch of the bolt. n' = number of bolt lines.
• Increase the number of bolts to
• arrange the number of bolts per line.
• The resultant force for the critical bolt is to be calculated.
• If resultant force in the critical bolt is less than the bolt value, then the joint is safe.
Otherwise, increase the number of bolts per line

Case(ii) Load lying perpendicular to the plane of bolted joint

Clause 10.11.2.1 of IS 800:2007 provides general method of analysis


In this type of loading, the bolts are in the combined action of shear and tension.
Assumption
• In practice, the line of rotation (i.e. the neutral axis) is assumed to lie at a
height of (1/7) th the depth of bracket measured from the bottom edge of
bracket to the center line of the top most bolt.
• Center of rotation will not be center of bolt group. Because the area of
bracket section below the center of rotation will be in compression which
will be much higher than the area of bolts in tension.
• Center of rotation will not be at the foot of bracket. Because bottom of the
bracket and stanchion are not perfectly rigid.
The tensile force T in any bolt above the line of rotation will be proportional to its
distance from the NA or the line of rotation.
so, T  y
𝑇𝑖 = 𝑘𝑌𝑖 where , 𝑌𝑖 = Distance from NA to any bolt, K= elastic constant
𝑇
𝑘= 𝑖
𝑌𝑖
The moment of resistance due to this tensile force =𝑇𝑖𝑦𝑖=𝑘∑ 𝒚𝟐𝒊
So, total Moment of resistance provided by the bolts in tension,
𝑀′=∑ 𝑘𝑦𝑖2 = 𝑘∑ 𝑦𝑖2
𝑇𝑖 𝑇
𝑀′= ∑ 𝑦𝑖2 [𝑘 = 𝑖 ]
𝑦𝑖 𝑌𝑖

Therefore, Tensile force in bolt i,


𝑀 ′ 𝑦𝑖
𝑇𝑖 = ∑ 𝑦𝑖2

Tensile force in the extreme critical bolt will be:


𝑀 ′ 𝑦𝑖
𝑇𝑛 = ∑ 𝑦𝑖2

𝑀 ′ ∑ 𝑦𝑖
Total tensile force, 𝑇𝑛 = ∑ 𝑦𝑖2

For equilibrium, total tensile force = total compressive force, Thus


𝑀 ′ ∑ 𝑦𝑖
C= ∑ 𝑦𝑖2

2 ℎ 2ℎ
This compressive force acts at a distance of from the ( )= from NA
3 7 21

Hence taking moment about NA we get


External moment (M) = Moment resisted by bolts in tension (𝑀′ ) + Moment
resisted by compressive force.
𝑀 ′ ∑ 𝑦𝑖 2ℎ
𝑀 = 𝑀′ + 𝐶𝑦̅ = 𝑀′ + ∗
∑ 𝑦𝑖2 21
∑ 𝑦𝑖 2ℎ
𝑀 = 𝑀′ [1 + ∗ ]
∑ 𝑦𝑖2 21

𝑴
Therefore 𝑴′ = 𝟐𝒉 ∑ 𝒚𝒊
𝟏+ 𝟐
𝟐𝟏 ∑ 𝒚𝒊

Also the tensile force in the extreme bolt,


𝑴′ 𝒚𝒎𝒂𝒙.
𝑻𝒎𝒂𝒙. = ∑ 𝒚𝟐𝒊

Where ymax is the maximum distance of the bolt from neutral axis.
6ℎ
Thus, 𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥. =
7

Design Steps
1. Select nominal diameter of bolt and provide pitch and edge distance suitably.
2. Calculate the design shear strength (Vdsb)
3. Select number of bolt lines, n’ and external moment (M) due to eccentricity.
4. Find the approximate number of bolts (n) per line from the following formula:
6𝑀
n=√
𝑛′ 𝑝∗𝑉𝑑𝑠𝑏

5. Compute the shear force (Vsb) in the bolt.


6.Calculate the design tensile strength of the bolt (Tdb).
7.Calculate tensile force (Tb) in the extreme critical bolt.
8.Check for developed shear and tension individually:
Vsb < Vdsb and Tb < Tdb.
9. The connection should be checked against combined shear and tension using the
𝑉 2 𝑇 2
interaction formula: ( 𝑠𝑏 ) + ( 𝑏 ) ≤ 1.0
𝑉 𝑇𝑑𝑠𝑏 𝑑𝑏

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