Modules Introduction

Rain Drop Sensor

Raindrop Sensor is a tool used for sensing rain. It consists of two modules, a rain
board that detects the rain and a control module, which compares the analog
value, and converts it to a digital value. The raindrop sensors can be used in the
automobile sector to control the windshield wipers automatically, in the
agriculture sector to sense rain and it is also used in home automation systems.
Raindrop sensor is basically a board on which nickel is coated in the form of
lines. It works on the principal of resistance. When there is no rain drop on
board. Resistance is high so we gets high voltage according to V=IR. When rain
drop present it reduces the resistance because water is conductor of electricity
and presence of water connects nickel lines in parallel so reduced resistance and
reduced voltage drop across it. The more intense the rainfall the lower the
resistance.
The rain sensor module/board is shown below. Basically, this board includes
nickel coated lines and it works on the resistance principle. This sensor
module permits to gauge moisture through analog output pins & it gives a digital
output while moisture threshold surpasses.

Pinout
 VCC -Connect to 3.3V/5V power supply
 GND -Connect to Ground
 AO -Analog output
 DO -Digital output
1-Channel Relay Module
Relay is an electromechanical device that uses an electric current to open or
close the contacts of a switch. The single-channel relay module is much more
than just a plain relay, it comprises of components that make switching and
connection easier and act as indicators to show if the module is powered and if
the relay is active or not.

Pinout
 VCC -Supply input for powering the relay coil
 GND -Connect to Ground.
 Normally Open -Normally open terminal of the relay
 Common -Common terminal of the relay
 Normally Closed -Normally closed contact of the relay
 Relay Trigger -Input to activate the relay

Soil moisture sensor

The Resistive Soil Moisture Sensor Module consists of two probes which are used
to measure the volumetric content of water. The two probes allow the current to
pass through and then it gets the resistance value to measure the moisture
value. However, the major issue with resistive soil moisture sensor is the
corrosion of the sensor probes. It is because it is in contact with the soil while
there is also a DC current flowing which causes electrolysis of the sensors.

This sensor mainly utilizes capacitance to gauge the water content of the soil
(dielectric permittivity). The working of this sensor can be done by inserting this
sensor into the earth and the status of the water content in the soil can be
reported in the form of a percent. This sensor makes it perfect to execute
experiments within science courses like environmental science, agricultural
science, biology, soil science, botany, and horticulture.
The sensor includes a fork-shaped probe with two exposed conductors that is
inserted into the soil or wherever the moisture content is to be measured.
As previously stated, it acts as a variable resistor, with resistance varying
according to soil moisture.
In addition, the sensor includes an electronic module that connects the probe to
the Arduino.
The module generates an output voltage based on the resistance of the probe,
which is available at an Analog Output (AO) pin.
The same signal is fed to an LM393 High Precision Comparator, which digitizes it
and makes it available at a Digital Output (DO) pin.

Pinout
 VCC -Connect to 3.3V/5V power supply
 GND -Connect to Ground
 AO -Analog output
 DO -Digital output
TF card Reader Module
TF cards are widely used in various applications, such as data logging, data
visualization, and many more. TF Card Reader modules make it easier for us
to access these TF cards with ease. The TF Card Reader module is an easy-
to-use module with an SPI interface and an on-board 3.3V voltage regulator
to provide proper supply to the TF card.

Pinout
 VCC pin provides power to the module and should be connected to the
Arduino’s 5V pin
 GND is a ground pin
 MISO (Master in Slave Out) is the SPI output
 MOSI (Master out Slave In) is the SPI input
 CLK (Serial Clock) pin accepts clock pulses from the master (an Arduino in
our case) to synchronize data transmission.
 CS (Chip Select) pin is a control pin that is used to select one (or a set) of
slave devices on the SPI bus.
1.3-inch IPS 240x240 pixels RGB Display
The built-in controller used in this LCD is ST7789VW, which is an LCD
controller with 240 x RGB x 320 pixels, while the pixels of this LCD itself are
135(H) RGB x 240(V). There are two types of horizontal and vertical screens,
so the internal RAM of the LCD is not fully used.
The LCD supports 12-bit, 16-bit and 18-bit input color formats per pixel,
namely RGB444, RGB565, RGB666 three color formats, this demo uses
RGB565 color format, which is also a commonly used RGB format. The LCD
uses a four-wire SPI communication interface, which can greatly save the
GPIO port, and the communication speed will be faster.

Pinout
 VCC: Power (3.3V/5V input)
 GND: Ground
 DIN: SPI data input
 CLK: SPI clock input
 CS: chip selection, low active
 DC: Data/Command selection (high for data, low for command)
 RST: Rest, low active
 BL: Backlight
Temperature & Humidity Sensor
This is a basic, digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive
humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air and spits
out a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). It's fairly
simple to use but requires careful timing to grab data. This sensor can be
easily interfaced with any microcontroller to measure humidity and
temperature instantaneously.

Only three pins are available for use: VCC, GND, and DATA. The
communication process begins with the DATA line sending start signals to,
and Temperature and humidity sensor receives the signals and returns an
answer signal. Then the host receives the answer signal and begins to
receive 40-bit humidity and temperature data (8-bit humidity integer + 8-bit
humidity decimal + 8-bit temperature integer + 8-bit temperature decimal +
8-bit checksum).
Pinout
 GND/- -Connect to Ground
 VCC/+ -Connect to 3.3V/5V power supply
 DATA -Data output
External EEPROM Module I2C AT24C02 2MB
External EEPROM Module I2C AT24C02 2MB.

Pinout
 VCC：3.3-5V
 GND：ground
 SCL：Arduino analog input 5
 SDA：Arduino analog input 4
Photosensitive sensor
This is a simple photosensitive resistance sensor module. The sensor has a
digital output that will go high if light is detected above a threshold set by the
modules potentiometer. Additionally there is also an analogue output which
will vary between 0 and 5V depending on the amount of light hitting the
sensor.

Pinout
 VCC：3.3-5V
 GND：GND
 DO：digital output
ESP01S Serial-to-WiFi Module
The external size of the module is 14.3mm*24.8mm*3mm, as is illustrated in
Figure below. The type of flash integrated in this module is an SPI flash, the
capacity of which is 1 MB, and the package size of which is SOP-210mil.

Pinout
 VCC：3.3V
 GND：GND
 GPIO2：GPIO, Internal Pull-up
 GPIO0：GPIO, Internal Pull-up
 RXD：UART0, data received pin RXD
 RST：External reset pin, active low, Can loft or external MCU
 CH_PD：Chip enable pin. Active high
 TXD：UART0,data send pin RXD

IR-receive module
The VS1838 IR Receiver Module detects infrared (IR) in the spectrum
commonly used for IR remote control or IR intrusion sensors.
Pinout
 ‘-‘ pin = Connect to Ground
 Center pin = Connect to VCC (3.3-5V)
 ‘S’ pin = Connect to digital input pin on MCU
CAN BUS Module
High-speed CAN transceivers with up to 8 Mbit/s transmission speed for
automotive and many other applications.
Initially, the CAN technology was invented to offer robust and scalable
networks in the car. With faster data rates it turned out to be more difficult to
keep this robustness. Developing complex networks with low data rates e.g.,
500 Kbit/s or 1 Mbit/s had been comparably easy. Faster networks using 2
Mbit/s or 5 Mbit/s data rate could be only realized in smaller and less complex
networks.

Pinout
 CANH: High-level CAN bus line
 CANL: Low-level CAN bus line
 VCC: Supply voltage
 TX: transmit data input; reads in data from the CAN controller to the bus
line drivers
 RX: receive data output; reads out data from the bus lines to the CAN
controller
 GND: ground
Buzzer
2 x Buzzer. A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses
of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers, train and confirmation
of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke.

Press button
6 x Press button.

Button cap
6 x Button cap.

220-Ohm Resistor
20 x 220-Ohm Resistor

LED indicator pack

20 x LED (Five red, yellow, blue and white).

Battery cap
A 9V battery cap.
Female-to-Male DuPont wire
40 x Female-to-Male Jumper wire.

Male-to-Male DuPont wire

20 x Male-to-male Jumper wire.

Breadboard Jumper wire

20 x Breadboard Jumper wire

Long Breadboard

52Pi Experiment Platform

An experiment platform.
Flash drive

USB-C Programing Cable