INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, SHIRPUR

Subject: Environmental Studies (EVS) - Sample Exam Paper Answer Key

Duration: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 75

Section A – 1 Mark Questions (Answer any 5) [5x1=5]

1.
What is meant by ecosystem?

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their non-living environment, forming a functional unit in nature.

2.
Name any two causes of soil erosion.

Deforestation and overgrazing.

3.
What is the full form of EIA?

Environmental Impact Assessment.

4.
Define biodiversity.

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, within an ecosystem.

5.
Name two renewable energy sources.

Solar energy and wind energy.

6.
What was the major cause of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy?

The accidental release of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas from the Union Carbide plant.

7.
Mention any two effects of climate change.

Rising global temperatures and increased frequency of extreme weather events.

Section B – 2 Marks Questions (Answer any 5) [5x2=10]

8.
 What are the main causes of land degradation?

The primary causes include deforestation, overgrazing, urbanization, unsustainable agricultural practices, and industrialization.

9.
Differentiate between endemic and endangered species.

Endemic species are native to a specific region and found nowhere else (e.g., Nilgiri Tahr), while endangered species are at risk of
extinction due to habitat loss and other factors (e.g., Bengal Tiger).

10.
What are the major impacts of urbanization on the environment?

Increased pollution, loss of green cover, depletion of water resources, and increased waste generation.

11. Explain two important environmental movements in India.

Chipko Movement: Started in Uttarakhand to protect trees from deforestation by hugging them.
Silent Valley Movement: Protest against a hydroelectric project in Kerala to protect rainforests.

12. How does afforestation help in combating desertification?

Afforestation prevents soil erosion, improves water retention, and restores biodiversity, helping to reduce desertification.

13. What are the effects of air pollution on human health?

Causes respiratory diseases like asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and eye irritation.
14. List two preventive measures for earthquake disaster management.

Building earthquake-resistant structures and conducting community awareness programs.

Section C – 3 Marks Questions (Answer any 5) [5x3=15]

15. Explain the structure of an ecosystem with examples.

An ecosystem consists of biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non-living elements) components.
Example: In a forest ecosystem, trees, animals, and decomposers (biotic) interact with sunlight, soil, and water (abiotic).

16. Discuss the consequences of desertification on human life and biodiversity.

Reduced agricultural productivity, food scarcity, migration, loss of biodiversity, and economic instability.

17. Explain the role of Indian culture in environmental conservation.

Indian culture promotes environmental conservation through religious teachings, sacred groves, and traditional practices such as water
harvesting and tree worship.

18. How do floods impact the environment and economy?

Floods lead to soil erosion, loss of life and property, displacement of people, destruction of infrastructure, and economic losses in
agriculture and industries.

19. What are the objectives of the Wildlife Protection Act?

 To protect wildlife, prevent poaching, preserve habitats, and establish protected areas like national parks and sanctuaries.

20. Describe the importance of energy conservation and list two methods to achieve it.

Energy conservation helps reduce environmental impact and ensures sustainable resource use.
Methods: Use of energy-efficient appliances and adoption of renewable energy sources.

21. Write a short note on the Chipko Movement and its significance.

The Chipko Movement was a non-violent protest started in 1973 to prevent deforestation in Uttarakhand by hugging trees.
It raised environmental awareness and influenced conservation policies in India.

Section D – 5 Marks Questions (Answer any 5) [5x5=25]

22. Explain in detail the causes, effects, and control measures of water pollution.

Causes: Industrial waste, sewage discharge, agricultural runoff, and plastic waste.
Effects: Waterborne diseases, loss of aquatic life, contamination of drinking water, and economic losses.
Control Measures: Wastewater treatment, reducing plastic use, and enforcing pollution control laws.

23. Discuss the various impacts of population growth on the environment and human welfare.

Overconsumption of resources, deforestation, pollution, habitat destruction, and pressure on health and educational services.
It results in increased waste production, climate change, and decline in living standards.

24. Describe the process of resettlement and rehabilitation of project-affected persons with examples.

Resettlement involves relocating displaced individuals to new areas.

 Rehabilitation focuses on restoring livelihoods and providing compensation.
Example: Rehabilitation efforts following the Sardar Sarovar Dam Project.

25. Elaborate on the different types of biodiversity and their significance in maintaining ecological balance.

Genetic Diversity: Variation within a species.

Species Diversity: Variety of species in an ecosystem.
Ecosystem Diversity: Variety of ecosystems (forests, deserts, wetlands).
Significance: Ensures food security, ecosystem stability, and climate resilience.

26. What are the different disaster management strategies for cyclones and landslides?

Cyclone Management: Early warning systems, coastal plantation, and evacuation plans.
Landslide Management: Afforestation, slope stabilization, and hazard mapping.

27. Discuss the importance and challenges of solid waste management in urban areas.

Importance: Reduces pollution, conserves resources, and promotes public health.

Challenges: Lack of infrastructure, public awareness, and improper disposal methods.
Solutions include recycling, waste segregation, and efficient collection systems.

28. Explain the role of national and international environmental legislations in conservation efforts.

National laws like the Environment Protection Act and Wildlife Protection Act regulate environmental conservation.
International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement aim to address global environmental issues such as climate
change and biodiversity loss.

End of Answer Key

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