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What's New in GEM 2022.10

The GEM Compositional & Unconventional Simulator version 2022.10 introduces several enhancements, including temperature-dependent compaction and dilation modeling, new imbibition capillary pressure scaling options, and improved fault reactivation modeling. Additional features include a new heat-loss calculation method, output enhancements for geomechanics, and various bug fixes. Users should note that restarts from previous versions are not compatible with this update due to changes in data handling.

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7 views5 pages

What's New in GEM 2022.10

The GEM Compositional & Unconventional Simulator version 2022.10 introduces several enhancements, including temperature-dependent compaction and dilation modeling, new imbibition capillary pressure scaling options, and improved fault reactivation modeling. Additional features include a new heat-loss calculation method, output enhancements for geomechanics, and various bug fixes. Users should note that restarts from previous versions are not compatible with this update due to changes in data handling.

Uploaded by

Ali Alamatsaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What’s New in GEM

Compositional &
Unconventional Simulator

Version 2022.10

cmgl.ca #FutureOfSimulation
22.GE.01
Simulator Changes
Temperature Dependent Compaction and Dilation Tables
Temperature is introduced as an independent variable in addition to pressure in compaction and
dilation modeling. This is intended to model the effect of temperature variation during compaction
and dilation, for instance to study potential thermal fracturing in reservoirs with colder/warmer
fluid injection.
See template data sets gmsmo150 and gmsmo161.
New Imbibition Capillary Pressure Scaling Option
In addition to the existing full-range saturation scaling method (*FULLRANGE) for reading the
boundary imbibition curve in oil-water capillary pressure hysteresis, two new methods (*SORMIX
and *COMBINED) are implemented. The new options provide flexibility in controlling the
curvature of formed scanning curves.
Please refer to the manual page for *PCOWI_SCALE and template data sets gmsmo162 and
gmsmo163.
Setting up of the initial Trapped Oil Saturation (*SORM)
A new optional sub-keyword *RELAX has been added to *SORM allowing trapped oil data to be
modified so as not to exceed specified residual oil saturations from the drainage relative
permeability tables or from the user input grid block residual oil saturations.
Please refer to the manual page for *SORM and template data set gmsmo164.
GEM-Surface Network Modeling – IPR Correction
An algorithm is added for IPR correction based on average pressure in the well drainage area.
Pressure in the drainage area, PDRAIN is written out to the communication file for models using
outboard protocol. The surface networks may use PDRAIN to correct the IPR.
For GEM-GAP link, IPR correction based on drainage area pressure is done within GEM itself
with command-line option -ipr_cor. Use this feature for models where well rates show oscillatory
behavior.
New Option for Heat-Loss Calculations
An optional heat-loss model is now available through keyword *HEAT-LOSS *VW-S, which is a
modification of traditional Vinsome-Westerveld (*VW) model. We found the heat-loss calculated
by the two models to be in close agreement in most cases, but in certain dual-continua models
the new *VW-S method was found to be more robust.
Please refer to manual page for *HEAT-LOSS and template data set gmthr001.
Aqueous Phase Density
The aqueous density output for sector is now made consistent with the grid-block based output.
Additionally, aqueous phase density calculations have been improved for non-isothermal cases.
Surface Complexation
The convergence criterion for surface complexation equations has been simplified and a critical
fix has been made to avoid potential failure during surface complexation modeling.

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Chemical Equilibrium and Mineral Reactions
The upper limit of damping factors for Chemical Equilibrium and TST Mineral Reactions has been
increased to allow validation with the equivalent Mineral Equilibrium Reactions.
Outboard Scanning for CMG Python Editor
GEM now supports scanning of group, sector, and well-completion layer information from the
data file for making it available to the CMG’s Python Editor.

Output Enhancements
Additional Geomechanics Items including those Related to Fault Modeling
Thirty geomechanics items including those related to fault modeling option have been added that
can now be output via *OUTSRF *GRID, and *OUTPRN *GRID. Twenty-seven of these items are
also available through *OUTSRF *SPECIAL.
Please refer to manual pages and template data sets gmgmc90-gmgmc092.

Geomechanics Changes
Fault Reactivation Modeling
Fault reactivation modeling option is now available in GEM. The feature is used to trigger flow
across or along a fault by using geomechanics. Two options are available:
(a) Modeling fault by changing fault transmissibility, TRANSF, when geomechanical slip
tendency exceeds a critical value, such that fluid flow across the fault could occur.
(b) Modeling fault by representing the fault plane with thin grid blocks and computing fluid flow
within and through them. These fault blocks have all the flow properties like any other
reservoir grid block, so the fluid can flow through them when computed slip tendency
between the fault grid block and the adjacent reservoir grid block exceeds a user specified
threshold. The main advantage of using the fault grid blocks is that fluid can flow to the other
over/underlying zones along the fault
Please refer to manual pages and template data sets gmgmc90-92.

Grid Section Changes


Planar Fracture Template Input for Propped and Unpropped Zone
The new keywords (*PROPPED_BWHLEN, *PROPPED_HEIGHTUP,
*PROPPED_HEIGHTDOWN) are introduced to specify a propped- and unpropped-zone inside
the fracture zone.
The two new keywords (*PROP, *UNPROP) are used to assign properties to propped and
unpropped zone, respectively.
The existing keyword *ELLIPTICAL_DISTRIBUTION was previously applied only to the
permeability distribution. Now it will also be applied to other spatial property as well if propped
zone is defined.

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To use the propped/unpropped feature, *PROPPED_BWHLEN must be non-zero and either
*PROPPED_HEIGHTUP or *PROPPED_HEIGHTDOWN must also be non-zero. If
*ELLIPTICAL_DISTRIBUTION is *ON, both *PROPPED_HEIGHTUP and
*PROPPED_HEIGHTDOWN must be non-zero.
Cutoff and Modification of Property Distribution Data
The *CUTOFF option after *PDD specifies a minimum conductivity below which the conductivity
values will be filtered out. The *MOD option after *PDD modifies the original PDD data. The new
keyword *PDD_NAME in a Planar Fracture Template is to associate a PDD with planar fractures
created by the template. The PDD names support wildcarding (? and *) so that the CUTOFF /
MOD option can be applied to a group of PDDs. The fracture size (i.e., bi-wing lengths and
heights) will be determined by the associated PDD and the cutoff operation will be applied to it.
New Option *FG for *LAYERSUP/*LAYERSDOWN
A new option *FG is added to bring consistency in treatment for the fracture in the local grid
refinement.
Cut-off for Discrete Fracture Segment Volume
New keyword *DFSCUTOFF vol nulls out discrete fracture grid blocks whose volume is less than
vol. The keyword is like *PVCUTOFF but applies to discrete fracture grid-blocks. It can be useful
in improving the simulator performance by nulling-out small volume discrete fracture segments in
the model.
Improvement in Array Reading Filters
A replacement value can be given after *MINVAL / *MAXVAL. The new syntax is *MINVAL /
*MAXVAL val1 val2 (while the old syntax is *MINVAL / *MAXVAL val1). If the candidate value is
beyond the threshold val1 and the second value val2 has been specified, the candidate value will
be replaced by val2 alternatively.
Managing of Connection Array Working Space
The algorithm is improved to manage connection array space for handling large number of grid-
blocks especially for models using parallel processing.

Well Management Changes


New Constraints for Group Control
New constraints for group production control, *BHO, *BHG and *BHW, have been added for
*GCONP *MAX and *GCONP *GTARGET. These controls were previously available only for
injection groups.
Handle Models with a Large Number of Triggers
The upper limit of triggers in a dataset has been relaxed to allow use of a large number of
triggers, if necessary.

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Template Dataset Changes
The following Table lists new or modified template data files.
GMGRO037 Demonstrate use of keyword *PINCHVGAP *SKIP
GMGMC090 Fault Reactivation through fault grid blocks -- dual continua Case
GMGMC090 Fault Reactivation Modeling fault grid blocks -- single porosity Case
GMGMC092 Fault Reactivation Modeling without fault grid blocks
GMSMO160 Use of Temperature Dependent Rock Compaction Tables
GMSMO161 Use of Temperature Dependent Rock Dilation Tables
GMSMO162 Capillary Pressure Scaling Option *PCOWI_SCALE *COMBINED
GMSMO163 Capillary Pressure Scaling Option *PCOWI_SCALE *SORMIX
GMSMO164 Use of *SORM *RELAX in a 2-D Miscible Flood model
GMTHR001 Use *VW-S Model for Heat-Loss Calculation
GMTHR012 Model with varying thermal properties

Miscellaneous Changes / Bug Fixes


Bug-Fixes/Improvements
• Fixed assignment of *BG without *FZ or *NFZ.
• Fixed reading of DFN data in FAB format.
• Fixed parallel execution of models with tracers that use total variation diminishing (TVD)
scheme.
• Improved Log (saturation Index) plotting.
• Fixed pressure entries in IPR tables for wells with backflow.
• Fixed initialization of component array being passed to surface network.
• Fixed thermal conduction in models with variable thermal conductivity.
• Fixed an error in connectivity of grid blocks through pinched out blocks.
Data Incompatibilities with Previous Versions of GEM
Restarts generated from previous versions are not compatible with this version of GEM due to
additional reading/writing of data.

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