HCIP-IERS Chapter 4 Multicast Protocols

Chapter 4 Multicast Protocols

Lab 4-1 Multicast, IGMP, and PIM DM Protocols

Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand:

 How to enable multicast routing on routers

 How to configure IGMP on interfaces
 How to configure PIM-DM
 How to check and test multicast
 How to configure advanced PIM functions

Topology

Figure 4-1 Multicast, IGMP, and PIM DM

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Scenario

You are a network administrator of a company. Multicast needs to be configured to

forward some services. The network size is small, so you can configure PIM DM to
implement multicast route learning. To implement multicast forwarding, you must
consider whether the host applications are compatible with different IGMP versions
and choose appropriate methods to test the multicast service. To improve network
efficiency and security, you can use the PIM DM methods, such as PIM neighbor
control and graft. You may encounter network failures and need to rectify the faults.

Tasks

Step 1 Set basic parameters and configure IP addresses.

S2 is located between R1 and R3, but does not need to be configured. Before the
experiment, clear the configuration on S2 and restart S2.

Configure IP addresses and masks for all the routers. All loopback interfaces must
have 24-bit masks.

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R1

[R1]interface Serial 1/0/0

[R1-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.1 24

[R1-Serial1/0/0]quit

[R1]interface Serial 3/0/0

[R1-Serial3/0/0]ip address 10.0.14.1 24

[R1-Serial3/0/0]quit

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.13.1 24

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[R1]interface LoopBack 0

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.1.1 24

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[R1-LoopBack0]quit

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R2

[R2]interface Serial 1/0/0

[R2-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.12.2 24

[R2-Serial1/0/0]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.25.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.24.2 24

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R2]interface LoopBack 0

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.2.2 24

[R2-LoopBack0]quit

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R3

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 10.0.13.3 24

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[R3]interface Serial 3/0/0

[R3-Serial3/0/0]ip address 10.0.35.3 24

[R3-Serial3/0/0]quit

[R3]interface LoopBack 0

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.3.3 24

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[R3-LoopBack0]quit

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R4

[R4]interface Serial 1/0/0

[R4-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.14.4 24

[R4-Serial1/0/0]quit

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.0.24.4 24

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

[R4]interface LoopBack 0

[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.4.4 24

[R4-LoopBack0]quit

<Huawei>system-view

Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.

[Huawei]sysname R5

[R5]interface Serial 1/0/0

[R5-Serial1/0/0]ip address 10.0.35.5 24

[R5-Serial1/0/0]quit

[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.0.25.5 24

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R5]interface LoopBack 0

[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 10.0.5.5 24

[R5-LoopBack0]quit

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After the configurations are complete, test the connectivity between routers.

[R1]ping -c 1 10.0.13.3

PING 10.0.13.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.13.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=5 ms

--- 10.0.13.3 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 5/5/5 ms

[R1]ping -c 1 10.0.12.2

PING 10.0.12.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=37 ms

--- 10.0.12.2 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 37/37/37 ms

[R1]ping -c 1 10.0.14.4

PING 10.0.14.4: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.14.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=38 ms

--- 10.0.14.4 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

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round-trip min/avg/max = 38/38/38 ms

[R5]ping -c 1 10.0.35.3

PING 10.0.35.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.35.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=33 ms

--- 10.0.35.3 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 33/33/33 ms

[R5]ping -c 1 10.0.25.2

PING 10.0.25.2: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 10.0.25.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=10 ms

--- 10.0.25.2 ping statistics ---

1 packet(s) transmitted

1 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/10 ms

Step 2 Enable multicast routing on all routers.

Enable multicast routing on R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5. To enable multicast, run the
multicast routing-enable command in the system view.

By default, the multicast function is disabled on VRP. Before using PIM or IGMP,
enable multicast globally.

[R1]multicast routing-enable

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To run PIM DM on an interface, run the pim dm command in the interface view.

[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim dm

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[R1]interface Serial 1/0/0

[R1-Serial1/0/0]pim dm

[R1-Serial1/0/0]quit

[R1]interface Serial 3/0/0

[R1-Serial3/0/0]pim dm

[R1-Serial3/0/0]quit

Perform the same configurations on R2, R3, R4, and R5. Enable PIM DM on the
interfaces between routers.

[R2]multicast routing-enable

[R2]interface Serial 1/0/0

[R2-Serial1/0/0]pim dm

[R2-Serial1/0/0]quit

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

[R3]multicast routing-enable

[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]pim dm

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit

[R3]interface Serial 3/0/0

[R3-Serial3/0/0]pim dm

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[R3-Serial3/0/0]quit

[R4]multicast routing-enable

[R4]interface Serial 1/0/0

[R4-Serial1/0/0]pim dm

[R4-Serial1/0/0]quit

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim dm

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R5]multicast routing-enable

[R5]interface Serial 1/0/0

[R5-Serial1/0/0]pim dm

[R5-Serial1/0/0]quit

[R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim dm

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

After the configuration, check the PIM status on interfaces.

[R1]display pim interface

VPN-Instance: public net

Interface State NbrCnt HelloInt DR-Pri DR-Address

GE0/0/2 up 1 30 1 10.0.13.3

S1/0/0 up 1 30 1 10.0.12.2

S3/0/0 up 1 30 1 10.0.14.4

R1 has three interfaces running PIM and each interface has a neighbor (NbrCnt). On
a network segment, the router with a larger interface IP address becomes the DR.

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Check detailed PIM information on R1's G0/0/2.

[R1]display pim interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 verbose

VPN-Instance: public net

Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2, 10.0.13.1

PIM version: 2

PIM mode: Dense

PIM state: up

PIM DR: 10.0.13.3

PIM DR Priority (configured): 1

PIM neighbor count: 1

PIM hello interval: 30 s

PIM LAN delay (negotiated): 500 ms

PIM LAN delay (configured): 500 ms

PIM hello override interval (negotiated): 2500 ms

PIM hello override interval (configured): 2500 ms

PIM Silent: disabled

PIM neighbor tracking (negotiated): disabled

PIM neighbor tracking (configured): disabled

PIM generation ID: 0X5325911

PIM require-GenID: disabled

PIM hello hold interval: 105 s

PIM assert hold interval: 180 s

PIM triggered hello delay: 5 s

PIM J/P interval: 60 s

PIM J/P hold interval: 210 s

PIM state-refresh processing: enabled

PIM state-refresh interval: 60 s

PIM graft retry interval: 3 s

PIM state-refresh capability on link: capable

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PIM dr-switch-delay timer : not configured

Number of routers on link not using DR priority: 0

Number of routers on link not using LAN delay: 0

Number of routers on link not using neighbor tracking: 2

ACL of PIM neighbor policy: -

ACL of PIM ASM join policy: -

ACL of PIM SSM join policy: -

ACL of PIM join policy: -

By default, the hello interval of PIM DM is 30s, the hello hold time is 3.5 times of the
hello interval (105s).

Check the neighbor list of R1. Three routers established PIM neighbor relationships
with R1. The default DR priority of neighbors is 1.

[R1]display pim neighbor

VPN-Instance: public net

Total Number of Neighbors = 3

Neighbor Interface Uptime Expires Dr-Priority

10.0.13.3 GE0/0/2 01:40:27 00:01:18 1

10.0.12.2 S1/0/0 01:42:21 00:01:24 1

10.0.14.4 S3/0/0 01:38:02 00:01:16 1

Check details about neighbor R3. Uptime indicates the neighbor relationship setup
time, Expiry time indicates the remaining time of the PIM neighbor, LAN delay
indicates the delay in transmitting the prune messages, and Override interval
indicates the interval for overriding the prune messages.

[R1]display pim neighbor 10.0.13.3 verbose

VPN-Instance: public net

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Neighbor: 10.0.13.3

Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/2

Uptime: 01:41:00

Expiry time: 00:01:45

DR Priority: 1

Generation ID: 0XD1A5CA9

Holdtime: 105 s

LAN delay: 500 ms

Override interval: 2500 ms

State refresh interval: 60 s

Neighbor tracking: Disabled

Step 3 Configure IGMP.

In this experiment, multicast users are connected to S1. Enable IGMP on G0/0/1 of
R2 and R4. To enable IGMP, run the igmp enable command in the interface view.

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp enable

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

Add static multicast groups to G0/0/1 of R2 and R4. Then the interfaces always
forward multicast traffic with destination address 225.1.1.1.

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp static-group 225.1.1.1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

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[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp static-group 225.1.1.1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

By default, VRP uses IGMPv2. The command output shows that R2 (10.0.24.2) is the
querier of the network segment where G0/0/1 is located. IGMPv2 selects the router
with a smaller IP address as the querier.

[R2]display igmp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

Interface information

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2):

IGMP is enabled

Current IGMP version is 2

IGMP state: up

IGMP group policy: none

IGMP limit: -

Value of query interval for IGMP (negotiated): -

Value of query interval for IGMP (configured): 60 s

Value of other querier timeout for IGMP: 0 s

Value of maximum query response time for IGMP: 10 s

Querier for IGMP: 10.0.24.2 (this router)

[R4]display igmp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

Interface information

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.4):

IGMP is enabled

Current IGMP version is 2

IGMP state: up

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IGMP group policy: none

IGMP limit: -

Value of query interval for IGMP (negotiated): -

Value of query interval for IGMP (configured): 60 s

Value of other querier timeout for IGMP: 123 s

Value of maximum query response time for IGMP: 10 s

Querier for IGMP: 10.0.24.2

Check static IGMP groups on the interfaces. Group 225.1.1.1 is the manually added
multicast group.

[R2]display igmp group static

Static join group information

Total 1 entry, Total 1 active entry

Group Address Source Address Interface State Expires

225.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 GE0/0/1 UP never

Check IGMP routing table on the interface.

[R2]display igmp routing-table

Routing table

Total 1 entry

00001. (*, 225.1.1.1)

List of 1 downstream interface

GigabitEthernet0/0/1 (10.0.24.2),

Protocol: STATIC

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IGMP routing entries are generated on an interface only when the interface has
IGMP but not PIM enabled, and the interface is an IGMP querier. The routing entries
are not displayed on R4 because R2 is the querier of network segment 10.0.24.0/24.

By default, the query interval of the querier is 60s. To increase the speed of user
addition to multicast groups, run the igmp timer query command to shorten the
interval for sending query packets.

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp timer query 20

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

Verify the configuration.

[R2]display igmp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

Interface information of VPN-Instance: public net

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2):

IGMP is enabled

Current IGMP version is 2

IGMP state: up

IGMP group policy: none

IGMP limit: -

Value of query interval for IGMP (negotiated): -

Value of query interval for IGMP (configured): 20 s

Value of other querier timeout for IGMP: 0 s

Value of maximum query response time for IGMP: 10 s

Querier for IGMP: 10.0.24.2 (this router)

The debugging information shows that the interface sends a General-Query

message every 20s.

<R1>terminal monitor

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<R2>terminal debugging

<R2>

Sep 14 2016 14:19:53.740.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

<R2>

Sep 14 2016 14:20:13.830.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

<R2>

Sep 14 2016 14:20:33.770.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

<R2>

Sep 14 2016 14:20:53.760.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

<R2>undo debugging all

Info: All possible debugging has been turned off

The default robustness variable of a router is 2. Shut down the interface to test
robustness.

Observe the IGMP query message sending in default settings.

<R2>terminal monitor

<R2>terminal debugging

<R2>debugging igmp query send

Sep 14 2016 14:26:13.880.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

<R2>

Sep 14 2016 14:26:33.890.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

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<R2>system-view

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

Sep 14 2016 14:26:51.810.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Sep 14 2016 14:26:56.790.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Sep 14 2016 14:27:16.790.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Sep 14 2016 14:27:36.770.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

When the interface is not shut down, the router's interface sends a General Query
message every 20s. when the interface is shut down and enabled, the interval for
sending the first two query messages is 5s. When a router starts, it sends N General
Query messages (N is the robustness variable). The message sending interval is 1/4
of the configured interval for sending General Query messages.

Run the robust-count command to set the IGMP robustness variable. This
parameter is valid only for IGMPv2 and IGMPv3. Change the robustness variable on
R2's G0/0/1 to 3.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp robust-count 3

Enable debugging and observe General Query message sending.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shutdown

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Sep 14 2016 14:33:07.420.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Sep 14 2016 14:33:12.340.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Sep 14 2016 14:33:17.340.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]

Sep 14 2016 14:33:37.420.1+00:00 R2 IGMP/7/QUERY:(public net): Send version 2 general query on

GigabitEthernet0/0/1(10.0.24.2) to destination 224.0.0.1 (G073969)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]return

<R2>undo debugging all

Info: All possible debugging has been turned off

After the robustness variable is changed to 3, the interval for sending the first three
General Query messages is 5s, and the interval for sending later messages is 20s.

Step 4 Observe the multicast routing table.

To observe multicast routing, configure OSPF as the unicast routing protocol.

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1

[R1-ospf-1]area 0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.14.1 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.1 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.1 0.0.0.0

[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R1-ospf-1]quit

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[R2]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2

[R2-ospf-1]area 0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.25.2 0.0.0.0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.12.2 0.0.0.0

[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R2-ospf-1]quit

[R3]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3

[R3-ospf-1]area 0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.13.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.35.3 0.0.0.0

[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R3-ospf-1]quit

[R4]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.4.4

[R4-ospf-1]area 0

[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.4.4 0.0.0.0

[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.14.4 0.0.0.0

[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R4-ospf-1]quit

[R5]ospf 1 router-id 10.0.5.5

[R5-ospf-1]area 0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.5.5 0.0.0.0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.25.5 0.0.0.0

[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.35.5 0.0.0.0

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[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit

[R5-ospf-1]quit

After the configuration, check whether the routers can learn the loopback addresses
of other routers.

[R2]display ip routing-table protocol ospf

Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Public routing table : OSPF

Destinations : 7 Routes : 8

OSPF routing table status : <Active>

Destinations : 7 Routes : 8

Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface

10.0.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1562 D 10.0.12.1 Serial1/0/0

10.0.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1563 D 10.0.12.1 Serial1/0/0

OSPF 10 1563 D 10.0.25.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.4.4/32 OSPF 10 3124 D 10.0.12.1 Serial1/0/0

10.0.5.5/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.25.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

10.0.13.0/24 OSPF 10 1563 D 10.0.12.1 Serial1/0/0

10.0.14.0/24 OSPF 10 3124 D 10.0.12.1 Serial1/0/0

10.0.35.0/24 OSPF 10 1563 D 10.0.25.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/0

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>

Destinations : 0 Routes : 0

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To simulate multicast information transmission, configure R3's loopback interface

address as the source address to send ping packets to destination address 225.1.1.1.

[R3]ping -a 10.0.3.3 -c 300 225.1.1.1

After several minutes, the multicast routing entries can be seen on all the other
routers. View the multicast routing table on R2.

[R2]display pim routing-table

VPN-Instance: public net

Total 1(*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

(*, 225.1.1.1)

Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC EXT

UpTime: 00:09:04

Upstream interface: NULL

Upstream neighbor: NULL

RPF prime neighbor: NULL

Downstream interface(s) information: None

(10.0.3.3, 225.1.1.1)

Protocol: pim-dm, Flag:

UpTime: 00:00:52

Upstream interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0

Upstream neighbor: 10.0.25.5

RPF prime neighbor: 10.0.25.5

Downstream interface(s) information: None

There are two entries:

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The first entry (*, 225.1.1.1) is generated after static IGMP group is configured on an
interface.

The second entry (10.0.3.3, 225.1.1.1) is generated after multicast traffic is spread on
the router.

For R2, the upstream router of multicast traffic is 10.0.25.5.

After PIM is enabled, routers use the unicast routing table for RPF check. The
command output shows that the RPF neighbor of multicast source 10.0.3.3 is
10.0.25.5.

[R2]display multicast rpf-info 10.0.3.3

VPN-Instance: public net

RPF information about source: 10.0.3.3

RPF interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/0, RPF neighbor: 10.0.25.5

Referenced route/mask: 10.0.3.3/32

Referenced route type: unicast

Route selection rule: preference-preferred

Load splitting rule: disable

Step 5 Adjust PIM DM parameters.

If you do not want the traffic to be transmitted to the destination through a unicast
route, run the rpf-route-static command to change the RPF path. In this experiment,
change the RPF path from 10.0.25.5 to 10.0.12.1.

[R2]ip rpf-route-static 10.0.3.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.12.1

After the configuration, the RPF neighbor is changed to 10.0.12.1.

[R2]display multicast rpf-info 10.0.3.3

VPN-Instance: public net

RPF information about source: 10.0.3.3

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RPF interface: Serial1/0/0, RPF neighbor: 10.0.12.1

Referenced route/mask: 10.0.3.0/24

Referenced route type: mstatic

Route selection rule: preference-preferred

Load splitting rule: disable

To observe the PIM prune and graft messages, delete and add static IGMP groups to
simulate the user deletion and addition operations. Enable debugging on R2.

<R1>terminal monitor

<R2>terminal debugging

<R2>debugging pim join-prune

Delete static IGMP group 225.1.1.1 from R2.

<R2>system-view

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo igmp static-group 225.1.1.1

Dec 31 2011 15:00:05.300.1+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): PIM ver 2 JP sending 10.0.12.2 -> 224.0.0.13 on

Serial1/0/0 (P012689)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:05.300.2+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Upstream 10.0.12.1, Groups 1, Holdtime 210

(P012693)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:05.300.3+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Group: 225.1.1.1/32 --- 0 joins 1 prunes (P012701)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:05.310.1+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Prune: 10.0.3.3/32 (P012707)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:05.350.1+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): PIM ver 2 JP receiving 10.0.12.1 -> 224.0.0.13 on

Serial1/0/0 (P012689)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:05.350.2+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Upstream 10.0.12.1, Groups 1, Holdtime 207

(P012693)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:05.350.3+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Group: 225.1.1.1/32 --- 0 joins 1 prunes (P012701)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:05.350.4+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Prune: 10.0.3.3/32 (P012707)

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R2 uses multicast address 224.0.0.13 to send prune messages to upstream interfaces.

The IP address of the upstream router is 10.0.12.1. The multicast group 225.1.1.1 has
been pruned. R1 sends a prune acknowledgement message to R2.

Add the deleted static IGMP multicast group again.

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]igmp static-group 225.1.1.1

Dec 31 2011 15:00:19.440.1+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): PIM ver 2 GFT sending 10.0.12.2 -> 10.0.12.1 on

Serial1/0/0 (P012633)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:19.440.2+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Upstream 10.0.12.1, Groups 1, Holdtime 0 (P012639)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:19.440.3+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Group: 225.1.1.1/32 --- 1 joins 0 prunes (P012648)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:19.440.4+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Join: 10.0.3.3/32 (P012654)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:19.480.1+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): PIM ver 2 GAK receiving 10.0.12.1 -> 10.0.12.2 on

Serial1/0/0 (P012633)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:19.480.2+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Upstream 10.0.12.2, Groups 1, Holdtime 0 (P012639)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:19.480.3+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Group: 225.1.1.1/32 --- 1 joins 0 prunes (P012648)

Dec 31 2011 15:00:19.480.4+00:00 R2 PIM/7/JP:(public net): Join: 10.0.3.3/32 (P012654)

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]return

<R2>undo debugging all

Info: All possible debugging has been turned off

R2 immediately sends a prune message to the upstream device through unicast to

join the multicast group 225.1.1.1. R1 returns a prune acknowledgement to R2
through unicast.

The prune message is sent from multicast address 224.0.0.13, while prune messages
are sent to the upstream device through unicast.

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If you need to transmit multicast traffic within a specified range, you can run the
multicast boundary command on an interface to specify the range of a multicast
group or multicast address segment.

Prevent the traffic from multicast group 225.1.1.2 from being transmitted to R4.
Perform the following configuration on R1's interface connected to R4:

[R1]interface Serial 3/0/0

[R1-Serial3/0/0]multicast boundary 225.1.1.2 255.255.255.255

[R1-Serial3/0/0]quit

Simulate the multicast traffic with destination address 225.1.1.2 on R3.

[R3]ping -a 10.0.3.3 -c 300 225.1.1.2

Check the multicast routing table on R2 and R4. R2 has the entry (10.0.3.3, 225.1.1.2),
while R4 does not have a routing entry of this multicast group. This indicates that
multicast traffic is not spread to R4.

[R2]display pim routing-table

VPN-Instance: public net

Total 1 (*, G) entry; 2 (S, G) entries

(*, 225.1.1.1)

Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC EXT

UpTime: 00:09:04

Upstream interface: NULL

Upstream neighbor: NULL

RPF prime neighbor: NULL

Downstream interface(s) information: None

(10.0.3.3, 225.1.1.1)

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Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: EXT

UpTime: 00:02:11

Upstream interface: Serial1/0/0

Upstream neighbor: 10.0.12.1

RPF prime neighbor: 10.0.12.1

Downstream interface(s) information: None

(10.0.3.3, 225.1.1.2)

Protocol: pim-dm, Flag:

UpTime: 00:00:08

Upstream interface: Serial1/0/0

Upstream neighbor: 10.0.12.1

RPF prime neighbor: 10.0.12.1

Downstream interface(s) information: None

[R4]display pim routing-table

VPN-Instance: public net

Total 1 (*, G) entry; 1 (S, G) entry

(*, 225.1.1.1)

Protocol: pim-dm, Flag: WC

UpTime: 00:08:03

Upstream interface: NULL

Upstream neighbor: NULL

RPF prime neighbor: NULL

Downstream interface(s) information:

Total number of downstreams: 1

1: GigabitEthernet0/0/1

Protocol: static, UpTime: 00:08:03, Expires: never

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(10.0.3.3, 225.1.1.1)

Protocol: pim-dm, Flag:

UpTime: 00:02:43

Upstream interface: Serial1/0/0

Upstream neighbor: 10.0.14.1

RPF prime neighbor: 10.0.14.1

Downstream interface(s) information:

Total number of downstreams: 1

1: GigabitEthernet0/0/1

Protocol: pim-dm, UpTime: 00:02:43, Expires: -

By default, PIM DM selects the router connected to the interface with a greater IP
address as the DR.

[R2]display pim interface

VPN-Instance: public net

Interface State NbrCnt HelloInt DR-Pri DR-Address

GE0/0/0 up 1 30 1 10.0.25.5

S1/0/0 up 1 30 1 10.0.12.2 (local)

Check the interface status on R2. R5 is the DR. You can change the interface priority
to affect the DR election result. The priority is a 32-bit value. The default value is 1. In
the following example, change the priority of the R2's interface connected to R5 to
100.

[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]pim hello-option dr-priority 100

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit

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[R2]display pim interface

VPN-Instance: public net

Interface State NbrCnt HelloInt DR-Pri DR-Address

GE0/0/0 up 1 30 100 10.0.25.2 (local)

S1/0/0 up 1 30 1 10.0.12.2 (local)

After the interface priority is changed to 100, R2 becomes the DR.

For security purposes, you can disable the user-side interface from sending and
receiving PIM hello packets by running the pim silent command.

[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]pim silent

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit

After the configuration, check whether PIM silent takes effect.

[R4]display pim interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 verbose

VPN-Instance: public net

Interface: GigabitEthernet0/0/1, 10.0.24.4

PIM version: 2

PIM mode: Dense

PIM state: up

PIM DR: 10.0.24.4 (local)

PIM DR Priority (configured): 1

PIM neighbor count: 0

PIM hello interval: 30 s

PIM LAN delay (negotiated): 500 ms

PIM LAN delay (configured): 500 ms

PIM hello override interval (negotiated): 2500 ms

PIM hello override interval (configured): 2500 ms

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PIM Silent: enabled

PIM neighbor tracking (negotiated): disabled

PIM neighbor tracking (configured): disabled

PIM generation ID: 0XAD457D14

PIM require-GenID: disabled

PIM hello hold interval: 105 s

PIM assert hold interval: 180 s

PIM triggered hello delay: 5 s

PIM J/P interval: 60 s

PIM J/P hold interval: 210 s

PIM state-refresh processing: enabled

PIM state-refresh interval: 60 s

PIM graft retry interval: 3 s

PIM state-refresh capability on link: capable

PIM dr-switch-delay timer : not configured

Number of routers on link not using DR priority: 0

Number of routers on link not using LAN delay: 0

Number of routers on link not using neighbor tracking: 1

ACL of PIM neighbor policy: -

ACL of PIM ASM join policy: -

ACL of PIM SSM join policy: -

ACL of PIM join policy: -

----End

Additional Exercises: Analysis and Verification

PIM DM is applicable to the high user density scenarios.

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For which networks you will configure PIM DM? What are the characteristics of these
networks?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of configuring PIM DM on a large-sized

network?

Device Configurations
<R1>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

sysname R1

interface Serial1/0/0

link-protocol ppp

ip address 10.0.12.1 255.255.255.0

pim dm

interface Serial3/0/0

link-protocol ppp

ip address 10.0.14.1 255.255.255.0

pim dm

multicast boundary 225.1.1.2 32

ip address 10.0.13.1 255.255.255.0

pim dm

interface LoopBack0

ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.255

ospf 1 router-id 10.0.1.1

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area 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.14.1 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.13.1 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.12.1 0.0.0.0

return

<R2>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

sysname R2

interface Serial1/0/0

link-protocol ppp

ip address 10.0.12.2 255.255.255.0

pim dm

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

ip address 10.0.25.2 255.255.255.0

pim hello-option dr-priority 100

pim dm

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

ip address 10.0.24.2 255.255.255.0

igmp enable

igmp robust-count 3

igmp timer query 20

igmp static-group 225.1.1.1

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interface LoopBack0

ip address 10.0.2.2 255.255.255.255

ospf 1 router-id 10.0.2.2

area 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.2.2 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.25.2 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.12.2 0.0.0.0

ip rpf-route-static 10.0.3.0 24 10.0.12.1

return

<R3>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

sysname R3

interface Serial3/0/0

link-protocol ppp

ip address 10.0.35.3 255.255.255.0

pim dm

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2

ip address 10.0.13.3 255.255.255.0

pim dm

interface LoopBack0

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ip address 10.0.3.3 255.255.255.255

ospf 1 router-id 10.0.3.3

area 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.3.3 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.13.3 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.35.3 0.0.0.0

return

<R4>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

sysname R4

interface Serial1/0/0

link-protocol ppp

ip address 10.0.14.4 255.255.255.0

pim dm

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1

ip address 10.0.24.4 255.255.255.0

pim silent

igmp enable

igmp static-group 225.1.1.1

interface LoopBack0

ip address 10.0.4.4 255.255.255.255

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ospf 1 router-id 10.0.4.4

area 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.4.4 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.14.4 0.0.0.0

return

<R5>display current-configuration

[V200R007C00SPC600]

sysname R5

interface Serial1/0/0

link-protocol ppp

ip address 10.0.35.5 255.255.255.0

pim dm

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0

ip address 10.0.25.5 255.255.255.0

pim dm

interface LoopBack0

ip address 10.0.5.5 255.255.255.255

ospf 1 router-id 10.0.5.5

area 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.5.5 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.25.5 0.0.0.0

network 10.0.35.5 0.0.0.0

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return

Lab 4-2 PIM SM and Static RP

Learning Objectives

The objectives of this lab are to learn and understand:

 How to configure PIM SM

 How to configure static RP and RP load balancing

Topology

Figure 4-2 PIM SM and dynamic RP

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