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8th March Tuesday Part 1 Passive Transport Teacher Notes

The document discusses the transport of substances across cell membranes, highlighting that they are selectively permeable and allow certain molecules to pass freely while others cannot. It explains the three types of passive transport: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, detailing how molecules move across membranes without energy. Additionally, it describes the effects of different tonicities on cells in various solute concentrations.

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5 views

8th March Tuesday Part 1 Passive Transport Teacher Notes

The document discusses the transport of substances across cell membranes, highlighting that they are selectively permeable and allow certain molecules to pass freely while others cannot. It explains the three types of passive transport: diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, detailing how molecules move across membranes without energy. Additionally, it describes the effects of different tonicities on cells in various solute concentrations.

Uploaded by

zaraw5773
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Part 1: The Transport of Substances

Across a Cell Membrane…How?

https://youtu.be/dPKvHrD1eS4

https://youtu.be/Ptmlvtei8hw
RECALL…

• Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids and proteins.

• They are selectively or semi-permeable allowing only certain


substances to pass through
WHAT CAN AND CAN’T PASS
THROUGH THE MEMBRANE?
Can pass freely: Water
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide

Cannot pass freely: Carbohydrates


Ions (Na+ and Cl-)
Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
HOW DO MOLECULES ENTER OR EXIT
THE CELL?

1) PASSIVE TRANSPORT
No energy (ATP) required
PASSIVE
TRANSPORT
TYPES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT

1) Diffusion (or simple diffusion)

2) Facilitated Diffusion

3) Osmosis
The Transport of Substances Across a Cell Membrane

Passive Transport by Diffusion: Some substances do not require


energy to move across the cell membrane because they move
down their concentration gradients. Examples: O2 and CO2

Diffusion is the net movement of ions or molecules from an area


of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. The
rate of diffusion is affected by:

• molecule size
• molecule or ion charge
• molecule polarity
• temperature and pressure (an increase in both increases the rate)
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
• Movement of large molecules and charged molecules (ions)

• Molecules move through protein channels in the membrane

• Examples: glucose,amino acids, Na+ , K + and Cl-


FACILITATED DIFFUSION
Passive Transport by Facilitated Diffusion

Facilitated diffusion occurs when molecules that cannot pass


through the cell membrane unassisted are helped through by
channel or carrier proteins. These molecules move along the
concentration gradient.

Channel proteins are highly specific, hollow cylinders. The


shape and size of the structure determine the particle(s) that can
pass through. For example, different channel proteins transport
sodium, potassium, or chloride. Channel proteins primarily
transport specific ions or polar molecules.
Passive Transport by Facilitated Diffusion

Carrier proteins bind to specific molecules and carry them across


the membrane, then release them. Carrier proteins can transport
larger molecules such as glucose and amino acids. However,
because they must bind to the particles to transport them, their rate
of diffusion is lower than that of channel proteins.
Facilitated diffusion involves membrane proteins. (A) Channel proteins form channels through
membranes, which allow passage of specific ions and molecules from areas of higher
concentration to areas of lower concentration. (B) Carrier proteins bind to molecules and carry
them across a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
https://youtu.be/Y_w07A7chnk
3) OSMOSIS

•Movement of WATER into and out of


the cell
•Water moves to balance the
concentration of other solutes across
the membrane
•Special type of diffusion
3) OSMOSIS

•3 situations can result (Tonicity):


•Isotonic Solution: equal concentration
of solutes inside vs outside of cell
• Hypertonic Solution: higher
concentration of solutes outside cell
vs inside of cell
•Hypotonic Solution: lower
concentration of solutes outside cell
vs inside of cell
Passive Transport by Osmosis

The concentrations of all solutes in solutions determines the


osmotic concentration of each, which indicates if water will move
and in what direction. Two solutions with equal concentrations are
isotonic. If concentration is unequal, the solution with the higher
concentration is hypertonic. The solution with the lower
concentration is hypotonic.
Passive Transport by Osmosis

Due to differences in structure, animal and plant cells behave differently when placed in
hypertonic or hypotonic solutions.

Arrows indicate the movement of


water molecules.

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