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The document details experiments on heat of neutralization and heat of solution, including calculations for enthalpy changes when sodium hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid and when ammonium nitrate dissolves in water. It also includes mole calculations for titration and gas volumes at different conditions. The results indicate that the heat of neutralization is -51.24 kJ/mol (exothermic) and the heat of solution is +24 kJ/mol (endothermic).

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3 views

Questions From Class

The document details experiments on heat of neutralization and heat of solution, including calculations for enthalpy changes when sodium hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid and when ammonium nitrate dissolves in water. It also includes mole calculations for titration and gas volumes at different conditions. The results indicate that the heat of neutralization is -51.24 kJ/mol (exothermic) and the heat of solution is +24 kJ/mol (endothermic).

Uploaded by

jhaidannehamilton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Questions From Class

Heat of Neutralization

Chelsea placed 50 cm3 of sodium hydroxide


solution of concentration 1.0 mol dm-3 in a polystyrene cup and recorded its
temperature. She then recorded the temperature of 50 cm3 of sulfuric acid, added it
to the cup, stirred the solution and recorded its maximum temperature, as follows:
• initial temperature of NaOH(aq) = 29·5 °C
• initial temperature of H2SO (aq) = 29·9 °C
• maximum temperature of the solution = 35·8 °C

Step 1:
Balanced Chemical Equation: -
2NaOH + H2SO4------------------ Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Step 2:
Calculate Moles:
Information was only given for NaOH so use must work out the number of moles of
NaOH
# of moles of NaOH= Concentration x Volume
50 cm3
# of moles of NaOH= 1.0 mol dm-3 x = 0.05 mol
1000

The mole to mole ratio between NaOH and water is the same so the number of moles of
water is also 0.05 mol.
Step 3:
Calculate Heat Change:
Average initial temperature 29.5 + 29.92 °C = 29.7 °C

∴ temperature increase = 35.8 − 29.7 °C = 6.1 °C

Step 4:
Mass of the solution= Volume x Density
50cm3 + 50Cm3= 100 cm3
100 cm3 x 1 g cm−3 = 100 g

Step 5:
Calculate The enthalpy change:
H= MC T
The enthalpy change= 100g x 4·2 J g-l °C-1 x 6.1 °C
2562 J
=
1000
= 2.562 KJ

Step 6:
Heat evolved in producing 1 mole of water
2.562 KJ
= 51.24 kJ Mol-1
0.05 mol

Heat Of Neutralization:
-51.24 kJ Mol-1
The answer is negative because neutralization is an exothermic reaction and these
have a negative value because the heat energy increase.

Heat of solution

It was found that when 4.0g of ammonium nitrate dissolved in 50 cm of distilled water,
the temperature decreased from 27.4 °C to 21.6 °C. Determine they heat of solution for
ammonium nitrate.
Step 1:
Calculate Moles of NH4NO3 dissolved:
Mass
# of moles of NH4NO3= =
Molar Mass
4g
# of moles of NH4NO3= = 0.05 mol
80 g /mol

Step 2:
Calculate Heat Change:
Average initial temperature 27.4 – 21.6 °C = 5.8 °C

∴ temperature decreased = 5.8 °C

Step 3:

NB* Upon further research I realized that the calculation only asked for the mass of
the water and not the solution. Hence why the mass of the solute was not used.
Mass of the solution= Volume x Density
50 cm3 x 1 g cm−3 = 50 g

Step 4:
Calculate The enthalpy change:
H= MC T
The enthalpy change= 50g x 4·2 J g-l °C-1 x 5.8 °C
1218 J
=
1000
= 1.218 KJ

Step 5:
Heat absorbed in dissolving 1 mole of salt
1.218 KJ
= 24 kJ Mol-1
0.05 mol

Heat Of Solution
+24 kJ Mol-1
The answer is positive because dissolving a ammonium salt is an endothermic
reaction and these have a positive value because the heat energy decreased.

Moles Related Questions

1. What Volume of a 1.420M NaOH Solution is required to titrate 25.00 ml of a


4.50M H2SO4 Solution?
H2SO4+2NaOH→Na2SO4+2H2O

1 mole of H₂SO₄ reacts with 2 moles of NaOH.


Moles of H₂SO₄ in 25.00 ml
Moles=Concentration ×Volume
=4.50mol/L×0.02500L=0.1125mol
Moles of NaOH required:
Mol: mol = 2:1
Moles of NaOH=2 × 0.1125=0.225mol
volume of NaOH solution:
moles
Volume=
Concentration
0.225 mol
Volume= = 0.1585L=158.5ml
1.420 mol/ L

2. How many moles of O₂ are in 7.03 moles of CO₂?


Using this balanced chemical equation: C3H8 + 5O2→ 3CO2 + 4H2O

From the equation:

 5 moles of O₂ produce 3 moles of CO₂.

To find the moles of O₂ needed to produce 7.03 moles of CO₂


5 mol O 2
= x mol O2
3 mol CO 2
5
x= x 7.03 = 11.7 mol O2
3

3. What mass of H₂O₂ must decompose to produce 48.64 g of water?


The decomposition reaction is:
2H2O2→2H2O+O2

From the equation:

 2 moles of H₂O₂ produce 2 moles of H₂O (1:1 ratio).

Calculate the moles of H₂O produced:


Molar mass of H2O=18.02g/mol
48.64 g
Moles of H2O= = 2.7 mol
18 g /mol

Since the ratio is 1:1, 2.7 moles of H₂O₂ are needed.


Therefore the Mass of H2O2 =Moles x Molar Mass
= 2.7mol×34.02g/mol=91.85g

4. Determine the mass of KOH needed to make 250 cm³ of 0.2 mol/dm³ solution.

Moles = Concentration x volume


Moles of KOH = 0.2mol/dm3 ×0.250 dm3 =0.05mol
Mass of KOH= Moles x Molar Mass
Molar mass of KOH=39.1+16+1=56.1g/mol
Mass of KOH= 0.05mol×56.1g/mol=2.81g

5. Given 2 moles of oxygen gas at R.T.P, what volume does it occupy? How does it
change at S.T.P?
Volume= Moles x Molar Volume
At R.T.P (Room Temperature and Pressure):
Molar volume at R.T.P = 24.0 L/mol
Volume=2 mol ×24.0 dm3=48.0 dm3

At S.T.P (Standard Temperature and Pressure):

 Molar volume at S.T.P = 22.4 L/mol


 Volume=2 mol ×22.4 dm3=44.8. dm3

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