Zamora Memorial College

Senior High School Department

SY 2023-2024

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

Semester: Second Semester

No. of Hours: 12 hours/ 3 weeks
Date: January 29-February 9, 2024

Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of himself/herself during

middle and late adolescence.
Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to conduct self-exploration and simple
disclosure.
Learning Competencies (MELC) with Code: Explain that knowing oneself can make a
person accept his/her strengths and limitations and dealing with others better EsP-
PD11/12KO-Ia-1.1. Share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences EsP-
PD11/12KO-Ia-1.2.
I. Objectives: At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
a. conduct self-exploration and simple disclosure;
b. explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his or her strengths
and limitations, and deal with others better; and
c. share your unique characteristics, habits, and experiences.
PVMGO: Collaboration, Analytical Thinking and Critical Thinking Skills, Writing
Skills
Core Values: Excellence and Character
II. Research-Based Teaching Strategies: Setting Objectives, Retrieval Practice,
Feedback-Driven Metacognition Strategy, and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
III. Subject Matter: Knowing and Understanding Oneself
Reference: Personal Development, Second Edition
IV. PROCEDURE
A. Preliminaries
 Greetings
 Prayer
 Classroom Management
 Checking of Attendance
 Review of the Lesson

B. Motivation
Think-Pair-Share
Each student should be paired with their seatmate. First, think about what you
know about yourself, then ask your seatmate for feedback. By trusting him/her to give
you feedback about your qualities both positive and negative, you can gain insight into
how you are perceived. Finally, share what you have discussed with your partner to the
entire class.

Questions:
1. What have you realized upon discussing your qualities, both positive and negative?
2. Did your perception on how you viewed yourself change after the discussion with your
partner?
3. What is your understanding of the “Self”?

Lesson Proper
Defining the “Self”
Have you ever asked yourself this question: Who am I? If you have, you are not alone.
Adolescence is the time when young people start to ask questions about themselves, about
their future, and even about their religious and political beliefs. This may seem very
philosophical to some, but to know oneself is the first step in personal development.
Socrates- the most important thing to pursue was self-knowledge, and admitting one’s
ignorance is the beginning of true knowledge (Scholtz, 2006).
Plato- one of Socrates’ students, the essence of knowledge is self-knowledge.
In philosophical terms, it is the being, which is the source of a person’s consciousness. It
is the agent responsible for an individual’s thoughts and actions. Based on this definition, the
“Self” is an intangible entity that directs a person’s thoughts and actions. It is outside the
physical realm of the person.

The “Self” can be identified in various contexts, such as in psychology, sociology, or religion.
 Psychology – the “Self” is the essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings and actions,
experiences, beliefs, values, principles, and relationships.
 Religion or Spiritual Realm – the “Self” includes a person’s life purpose, meaning,
aspirations, and one’s relationship with a higher being.
 Sociology – the “Self” is said to be defined by the roles we take when we relate with
others, such as being your parents’ child, being a classmate, a friend or a teammate.
 When the “Self” is defined as the cognitive and affective representation of one’s identity,
it is then described in terms of human characteristics such as behavior and thought.

Personality
Different viewpoints of Personality based on psychologists:
 One definition states, “personality refers to the unique and relatively enduring set of
behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and motives that characterize an individual” (Feist &
Rosenberg, 2012).
 Two key characteristics of personality: the uniqueness of an individual’s thoughts,
feelings, and behavior; and their being relatively enduring, or being consistent, over
different situations and over time.
 Gordon Allport defines personality as a “pattern of habits, attitudes, and traits that
determines an individual’s characteristics, behavior, and traits” (Sanchez, Abad, &
Jao, 20212).

Nature, Nurture, and Personality

 Personality is influenced by both nature (heredity or genetic make-up) and nurture
(environment).
 There is no single gene that creates a trait. It is always a complex combination of genes,
environmental exposure and experiences, and cultural backgrounds.

Trait Theories
 One general point of view explains that personality deals with traits, and that trait or
disposition is a major factor in personality.
 Trait theory is an approach in identifying types of personalities based on certain traits or
attributes, which vary from one person to the other (theory.com).
 This theory was developed over the past 60 years, started by D. W. Fiske (1949) and
later pursued by other researchers including Norman (1967), Smith (1967), Goldberg
(1981), and McCrae and Costa (1987) (K. Cherry, 2018; John, Nauman, & Soto, 2008).

Psychologists Costa and McCrae (1996) developed a categorized scheme that described
personality. Based on their research, they discovered the existence of five universal and widely
agreed-upon dimensions of personality. They called it the Big Five or five-Factor Model.
These dimensions or tendencies are: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion,
agreeableness, and neuroticism. For it to be easily remembered, it uses the acronym OCEAN.
BIG FIVE
Low Scores High Scores
1. Extroversion – the Loner Joiner
ability to socialize and Quiet Talkative
belongingness is his Passive Active
concern Reserved Affectionate
2. Agreeableness – Suspicious Trusting
possessing trust and Critical Lenient
 openness to others. Ruthless Soft-hearted
Irritable Good-natured
3. Conscientiousness – Negligent Conscientious
the possession of mind Lazy Hard-working
setting and goal oriented. Disorganized Well Organized
Late Punctual
4. Neuroticism – a person Calm Worried
who experiences anxiety, Even-tempered Temperamental
and emotionally and Comfortable Self-Conscious
physical conscious. Unemotional Emotional
5. Openness to Down-to-Earth Imaginative
Experience – a person who Uncreative Creative
goes with the flow, widening Conventional Original
horizons, and being Uncurious Curious
resourceful.
These dimensions may be described using its most positive traits:
 Openness to experience – curious, interested to new ideas, imaginative, and creative
 Conscientiousness – planning, organizing, hardworking, controlling, persevering, and
punctual
 Extraversion – sociable, talkative, active, outgoing, and fun-loving
 Agreeableness – friendly, warm, trusting, generous, and kind-hearted
 Neuroticism – calm, relaxed, and comfortable

Personality Traits
Personality trait is a disposition to behave consistently in a particular way, while
personality is a broader term that comprises traits, motives, thoughts, self-concept, and feelings.
Examples of personality traits are shyness or social awkwardness, loyalty, and honesty.

Measuring Personality
There are different ways to measure personality. One is by observing people’s behavior.
This is quite limited as other people may not be able to observe all aspects of personality such
as loneliness, which is internal and is observed by others very subjectively.
An example of a popular personality test used is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI). Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers developed the Myers-Briggs
personality model based on four preferences of individuals. These are:
 E or I (Extraversion or Introversion) is how an individual prefers to channel his or her
energy when dealing with people, whether it is inward (introversion) or out ward
(extraversion).
 S or I (Sensing or Intuition) is how one prefers to process information, whether through
the use of senses such as being able to describe what one sees, or intuitively like
dealing with ideas.
 T or F (Thinking or Feeling) is how an individual prefers to make decisions, either
thinking or using logic and analysis, or feeling which uses the cognitive senses based on
values or beliefs.
 J or P (Judgement or Perception) is how an individual prefers to manage one’s life,
whether through judging, which means a planned and organized life, versus perception,
which has a more flexible approach to living.

A. Activity:
Directions: Read the following statements carefully and provide the best answer on each item.
1. Based on this philosopher, the most important thing to pursue was self-knowledge, and
admitting one’s ignorance is the beginning of true knowledge.
2. The “Self” is said to be defined by the roles we take when we relate with others, such as
being your parents’ child, being a classmate, a friend or a teammate. What context of the
“Self” is this?
3. This context said that, the “Self” is the essence of a person: his thoughts, feelings and
actions, experiences, beliefs, values, principles, and relationships.
 4. This context of the “Self” includes a person’s life purpose, meaning, aspirations, and
one’s relationship with a higher being.
5-6. Personality is influenced by both _______ (heredity or genetic make-up) and
_________ (environment).
7. This theory is an approach in identifying types of personalities based on certain traits or
attributes, which vary from one person to the other.
8. Who discovered the Big Five or five-Factor Model?
9. It is possessing trust and openness to others.
10. It is the ability to socialize and belongingness is his concern.
11. It is a person who goes with the flow, widening horizons, and being resourceful.
12. It is the possession of mind setting and goal oriented.
13. It is a person who experiences anxiety, and emotionally and physical conscious.
14. It is how an individual prefers to manage one’s life, whether through judging, which
means a planned and organized life, versus perception, which has a more flexible approach
to living.
15. It is how an individual prefers to channel his or her energy when dealing with people.

B. Analysis:
1. How do you understand the “Self”?
2. How does the “Self” relate to personality?
3. What is personality trait?
4. What influences the development of personality?
5. What is the importance of knowing oneself?

C. Abstraction:
Complete the line. Write down your thoughts.
One way I can connect today’s lesson to my life is

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

D. Application:
1. On a clean sheet of paper, draw a symbol of what represent your “self”.
For example, you may draw a sun to represent your “self” as someone who is warm and
loving, or a nurturer of life. Share this with your group mates.
2. Of the Big Five dimensions or tendencies of personality, which ones are you most
inclined to have? Give some real-life situations that you went through to affirm these
choices.
3. Based on the Big Five, list your own strengths and limitations, and share these with your
group in class.
4. Explain your understanding of the quotation by Oscar Wilde: “To love oneself is the
beginning of a lifelong romance.”

V. Evaluation:
1. Write down how you define yourself in terms of philosophy, psychology, and spirituality.
What are the differences among the three?
2. How does knowing oneself better make a person accept his or her strengths and
limitations, and improve the way he or she deals with others?
3. Share some of your unique characteristics, habits, and experiences with your group
mates.

VI. Assignment:
1. Write in your journal your thoughts and feelings about what you have discovered and
understood about your “self,” your personality traits, and your reflection regarding the
question, “Who am I?”

Prepared by: Checked by:

Christine Joy E. Clores Venecia M. Bellen
Subject Teacher Principal