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Introduction to Micorwave Link Design

The document outlines a course schedule covering various topics related to mobile technologies and GSM networks, including spectrum management, GSM infrastructure, and microwave link design. It details specific lectures, tests, and practical assignments related to antennas, radio wave propagation, and teletraffic engineering. Additionally, it includes technical information on microwave link design, frequency bands, and calculations for received signal levels and fade margins.

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adeyemoabdullah2010
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6 views

Introduction to Micorwave Link Design

The document outlines a course schedule covering various topics related to mobile technologies and GSM networks, including spectrum management, GSM infrastructure, and microwave link design. It details specific lectures, tests, and practical assignments related to antennas, radio wave propagation, and teletraffic engineering. Additionally, it includes technical information on microwave link design, frequency bands, and calculations for received signal levels and fade margins.

Uploaded by

adeyemoabdullah2010
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lect. No.

Date Topic
1 Week 1 General Overview of the Course, mobile technologies and service
2 Week 2 Spectrum management, Regulations and interference control
3 Week 3 GSM network infrastructure and Multiplexing
4 Week 4 Cell Sizes, Design and System Fundamentals
5 Week 5 Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation
6 Week 6 GSM link budget and coverage planning
7 Week 7 TDMA, Frames Structure And Signaling With In GSM
8 Week 8 Logical Channels used in GSM networks
9 Week 9 (Test 1 )Teletraffic Engineering and Capacity planning in GSM networks
10 Week 10 Radio Resource Management (RRM) in GSM networks
11 Week 11 Mobility management (MM) in GSM Networks
12 Week 12 Introduction to Backhaul Systems
13 Week 13 introduction to microwave link design
14 Week 14 Test 2 and Drive Test Laboratory Defense
15 Week 15 General Course Revision

P.S Topic Date Duration


No. Assigned
1 Antennas and Radio Wave Propagation Week 4/5 1 week
2 GSM link budget and coverage planning Week 5 1 Week
3 Teletraffic Engineering and Capacity planning in GSM networks Week 9 1 week
4 Backhauling systems, Transmission and Network Planning Week 13 1 week
Monday, June 19, 2017 2
 Indoor unit:
 modulation/demodulation of the signal
 forward error correction (FEC)
 multiplexing of user data
 Power to the microwave radio is fed through
the IU.
 Outdoor unit
 it converts the modulated low frequency
digital signal into a high frequency radio signal.
 The OU contains radio frequency transmitters
and receivers (I.e. radio transceiver.)
 Antenna
 Parabolic Antenna Gain: The most widely
used antenna used to design microwave links is
the parabolic antenna. The gain of the
parabolic antenna is given by
 G = 17.5297 + 20 log(Dm) + 20 log(FGHz)
where
Dm = antenna diameter (m)
FGHz = frequency (GHz)
 Waveguide
 Microwave tower

Monday, June 19, 2017 3


 Microwave links generally operate between
frequencies of 2 and 58 GHz.
 As the frequency increases, the length of the link
decreases. Due to the high frequency range (2–58
GHz), the microwave links can be classified into
three main categories:
 Long haul
 Medium haul
 Short haul

4
 The frequency of operation of these links is usually 2–10 GHz. In
the best of climatic conditions and frequency of operation, the
distance covered by the links could range from 45 km 80 45 km.
 Frequency band 2 GHz
 Maximum path length 80 km
 Multipath fading
 Antenna diameters up to 370 cm for an antenna gain of 36 dBi
 Both vertical and horizontal polarisations used
 Frequency band 7 GHz
 Maximum path length about 50 km
 Multipath fading
 Antenna diameters up to 370 cm for an antenna gain of 46.8 dB
 Both vertical and horizontal polarisations used
 Frequency band 10 GHz
 Maximum path length about 45 km
 Multipath fading
 Antenna diameters 60–120 cm for a gain range of 34–40 dB
 Both vertical and horizontal polarisations used

Monday, June 19, 2017 5


 The frequency of operation of these links is usually from 11 GHz to 20 GHz.
Depending upon the climatic conditions and frequency of operation, the hop
length can vary between 20 km and 40 km. These links are also affected by
multipath fading and rain fading.
 Frequency band 13 GHz
 Maximum path length about 40 km
 Multipath fading
 Antenna diameters 60–120 cm for a gain range of 36.4–42.4 dBi
 Both vertical and horizontal polarisations used
 Frequency band 15 GHz
 Maximum path length about 35 km
 Multipath fading
 Antenna diameters 60–120 cm for a gain range of 38–44 dBi
 Both vertical and horizontal polarisations used
 Frequency band 18 GHz
 Maximum path length 20 km
 Rain and multipath fading
 Antenna diameters 60–180 cm for a gain range of 39–49 dBi
 Both vertical and horizontal polarisations used
 Atmospheric attenuation 0.1 dB/km.
 Attenuation due to rain about 1 dB/km at a rain rate of 20 mm/h 6
 These links operate in high frequency ranges (23–58 GHz) and thereby
cover shorter distances. At lower frequency ranges in this band, links are
affected by both multipath and rain fading. At higher frequencies, when
the hop length is only a few kilometres, the multipath phenomenon does
not have a significant effect. However, the impact of rain is quite severe.
 Frequency band 23 GHz
 Maximum path length about 18 km
 Rain and multipath fading
 Antenna diameters 30–120 cm gain for a gain range of 35.5–47.3 dBi
 Both vertical and horizontal polarisations used
 Atmospheric attenuation 0.1 dB/km
 Attenuation due to rain about 3 dB/km at a rain rate of 20 mm/h
 Frequency band 55 GHz
 Maximum path length only few kilometres
 Rain fading
 Antenna diameter 15 cm
 Only vertical polarisation used
 Atmospheric attenuation 5 dB/km
 Attenuation due to rain about 7 dB/km at a rain rate of 20 mm/h
Monday, June 19, 2017 7
 Themain purpose of the link design is to
make sure that the microwave network
gives high performance in all types of
atmospheric conditions. A link design
contains four major steps:
 Path calculations
 Antenna height calculations
 Frequency planning and interference
calculations
 Performance calculations

Monday, June 19, 2017 8


Monday, June 19, 2017 9
 Free Space Loss:
LdB = 92.5 + 20 log( f ) + 20 log(d)
where f is the frequency in GHz and d is the distance in km.
 Received Signal Level (RSL)

 Link Feasibility Level


i. RSL ≥ RX
ii. Fade Margin: RSL-Rx
Where Rx is the receiver sensitivity or threshold.
At lower frequencies of 7 GHz, the FM is kept at about 35–40 dB 10
Q1 In a radio link of 40 km length and frequency of 7.5 GHz
a) How much is received signal level (RSL) at the output of RX antenna with 1
Watt output power and considering 15 dB additional loss
b) Find the fade margin of the link if the RX threshold is to be -78 dBm.
c) Is the link feasible?
d) Is the link feasible with a short haul of 55 GHz, how about 23 GHz ?

Q2. Consider a medium haul, 13 GHz, 500 mW output power of a microwave


transmitter is connected to 40 dBi directional antenna via a feeder with 6 dB
loss. Find:
a) RSL at a distance of 40 km in LOS direction.
b) Find the fade margin of the link at 40 km if the RX threshold is to be -78 dBm.
c) Is this link feasible?
d) Assuming total path loss equal to 140 dB, is the link feasible when the
receiver sensitivity is -80 dBm and Omni-directional antenna via a feeder with
2d B loss is used?
e) Calculate the gain required for receiving a signal with 30 dB more power than
the threshold level.

Monday, June 19, 2017 11

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