Top 100 C++ Interview Questions

and Answers in 2024

What is C++?

As an extension of the C language, C++ was developed by Bjarne

Stroustrup as a general-purpose cross-platform language which gives
programmers a high level of control over system resources and memory.

Why C++?

The use of C++ is varied such as:

– It is used in developing graphical user interface-based applications like

adobe photoshop.

– It is used in developing games as it overrides the complexity of 3D

games.

– There is much-animated software developed in C++

– Most of the compilers are written in C++.

– Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox etc. web browsers are developed using
C++

There are many more such uses that make C++ the desired language.
What is namespace in C++?

If there are two or more functions with the same name defined in different
libraries then how will the compiler know which one to refer to? Thus
namespace came to the picture. A namespace defines the scope and
differentiates functions, classes, variables etc. with the same name
available in different libraries. The namespace starts with the keyword
“namespace”. The syntax for the same is as follows:

1namespace namespace_name {
2
3 // code declarations
4
5}

What is operator overloading in C++?

Operator overloading in C++ is an overloaded declaration is declaration in

the same scope of function or operator declared with the same name
more than once.

How to learn C++?

C++ is a programming language which is an extension of C. Thus, one

should prefer to learn C first (it’s not necessary). After learning C, then
understand the basic difference between C and C++. Implement all the
basic programs you learnt in C in C++ also. Then dive into the OOPs
concept of C++. Do as much hands-on as possible to understand basic
OOPs, and then dive into advanced-level OOPs. When all the basics are
clear, build a small game to understand the structure and remain
concepts if any. By following all these steps one can learn C++.

What is the difference between C and C++?

The difference between c and c++ is that C++ is an object-oriented

language, which means that it has all the features of C as well as its own
thing which is the concept of OOP. C++ has many functionalities of OOP
that are missing from C such as encapsulation, abstraction, classes,
objects, etc.

C C++

C++ is an object-oriented programming

C is a procedure-oriented programming language.
language.

C does not support data hiding. C++ supports data hiding.

C is a subset of C++ C++ is a superset of C.

C doest not support Function and operator

C++ support Function and operator overloading
overloading

Functions can not be defined inside structures. Functions can be defined inside structures.

What is a template in C++?

A template in C++ is used to pass data types as parameters. These make it

easier and simpler to use classes and functions.

template <typename T>

int fun (T a,T b)

return (a+b);

int main(){

cout<<fun<int>(11,22);

}
What is using namespace std in C++?

Using namespace std in C++ tells the compiler that you will be making use
of the namespace called ‘std’. The ‘std’ namespace contains all the
features of the standard library. You need to put this statement at the start
of all your C++ codes if you don’t want to keep on writing std:: infront of
every variable/string or whatever standard library feature you are making
use of, as it becomes tedious to do so.

How to download turbo C++ for windows 10?

To download turbo c++ follow the steps mentioned below:

Step-1: Download turbo C++ from http://www.turboccom/p/download.html

Step-2: Extract the Turbo.C.zip file.

Step-3: Run setup.exe file.

Step-4: Follow the instructions mentioned.

How to paste in turbo C++?

Paste in turbo C++ can be done by two techniques:

• Shift+Insert
• Open the file in notepad with .cpp extension. Make the changes
and save it. After saving the file, you can open it from the Turbo
C++ application file menu from where you stored the cpp file.
What is a pointer in C++?

Pointers in C++ are a data type that store the memory address of another
variable.

For eg.

char *str = "Hi, How are you?";

Here the pointer variable *str points to the string "Hi, How are you?"
 or

int age;

int *int_value;

*int_value = &age;

cout<<"Enter your age please:";

cin>>age;

cout<<"\n Your age is:"<<*int_value;

// this will print your age as the variable is pointing to the variable age.

What is a function in C++?

A function in C++ is a block of code that can be referenced from anywhere

in the system and that serves a specific purpose.

int fun(){

int a = 11;
 return 11;

int main(){

int b = fun();

What is a destructor in C++?

Destructors in c++ are special functions/methods that are used to remove

memory allocation for objects. They are called usually when the scope of
an object ends. eg. when a function ends you can call it a destructor.

1 They are of the same name as the class - syntax - ~<classname>();

What is function overloading in C++?

Function Overloading happens in C++ when two or more functions share

the same name. They can be differentiated on the basis of the type of data
they are passing as parameters or even the number of parameters they
are passing. eg. int fun(char a); & int fun(int b); & void fun(int a, int b)

What is stl in C++?

Stl is the standard template library. It is a library that allows you to use a
standard set of templates for things such as: Algorithms, functions,
Iterators in place of actual code.

queue<int> Q;

for(k=0;k<10;k++)

Q.push(k);

}
How to run a C++ program in cmd?

verify gcc installtion using the command:

$ gcc -vthen go to your working directory or folder where your

code is:

$ cd <folder_name>then build the file containing your c code as

such:

$ gcc main.cpp

or

$ g++ -o main main.cpp then run the executable generated in your

system:

$ main.exe

What is type casting in C++?

Type casting in C is used to change the data type. They are of two types:
Implicit Type Conversion: It is automatic. Explicit Type Conversion: It is user-
defined.

How to use a string in C++?

A string is a sequence of characters. In C++, the string is a data type as

well as a header file. This header file consists of powerful functions of string
manipulation. A variable of string is declared as follows:

string str= "Hello";

And to use string one needs to include the header file.

// Include the string library

#include <string>

// Create a string variable

string str= "Hello";

What is stream in C++?

Stream refers to a stream of characters to be transferred between

program thread and i/o.

What is the difference between structure and class in C++?

The difference between structure and class is as follows:

– By default, the data members of the class are private whereas data
members of structure are public.

– While implementing inheritance, the access specifier for struct is public

whereas for class its private.

– Structures do not have data hiding features whereas class does.

– Structures contain only data members whereas class contains data

members as well as member functions.

– In structure, data members are not initialized with a value whereas in

class, data members can be initialised.

– Structures are stored as stack in memory whereas class is stored as

heap in memory.
How to clear screen in C++?

One can clear screen using – clrscr() or system(“clear”).

How to compile and run C program in notepad++ ?

To compile and run c program in notepad++ follow the steps mentioned

below:

Step-1: Download and install notepad++

Step-2: Download and install MinGw gcc along with gcc.

Step-3: Configure notepad++ for gcc. This step can be further divided into two sub-steps. A:
Create C compiler tool in Notepad++

B: Creating C execution tool.

Step-4: Execute C program in Notepad++

How many keywords in C++?

There are 95 reserved keywords in C++ which are not available for re-
definition or overloading.

What is iostream in C++?

It is a header file that includes basic objects such as cin, cout, cerr, clog.

How to give space in C++?

In C++ programming, the space can be given using the following code.
cout << ” ” ;

Which operator cannot be overloaded in C++ ?

Some of the operators that cannot be overloaded are as follows:

– Dot operator- “.”

– Scope resolution operator- “::”

– “sizeof” operator

– Pointer to member operator- “.*”

How to copy and paste in turbo C++ ?

Press Ctrl + Insert to copy.

Press Shift + Insert to paste.

What is an exception in C++?

Runtime abnormal conditions that occur in the program are called

exceptions. These are of 2 types:

– Synchronous

– Asynchronous

C++ has 3 specific keywords for handling these exceptions:

– try

– catch

– throw
What is the difference between C++ and Java?

This is one of the most common c++ interview questions asked, the
difference between c++ and java are as follows:

– C++ supports goto statements whereas Java does not.

– C++ is majorly used in system programming whereas Java is majorly

used in application programming.

– C++ supports multiple inheritance whereas Java does not support

multiple inheritance

– C++ supports operator overloading whereas Java does not support

operator overloading.

– C++ has pointers which can be used in the program whereas Java has
pointers but internally.

– C++ uses a compiler only whereas Java uses both compiler and
interpreter.

– C++ has both call by value and call by reference whereas Java supports
only call by value.

– C++ supports structures and joins whereas Java does not support
structure and joins

– Java supports unsigned right shift operator (>>>) whereas C++ does not.

– C++ is interactive with hardware whereas Java is not that interactive with
hardware.

What is stack in C++?

A linear data structure which implements all the operations (push, pop) in
LIFO (Last In First Out) order. Stack can be implemented using either arrays
or linked list.The operations in Stack are
– Push: adding element to stack

– Pop: removing element from stack

– isEmpty: returns true if stack is empty

– Top: returns the top most element in stack

What is conio.h in C++?

Conio.h is a header file used for console input and output operations and is
used for creating text based user interfaces.

How to exit from turbo C++?

To exit Turbo C++, use the Quit option under the File Menu, or press Alt + X.

What is iterator in C++?

Any object which has an ability to iterate through elements of the range it
has been pointing to is called iterator.

What is :: in C++?

:: is called a scope resolution operator which is used to access global

variables with the same name as of local variables, for defining functions
outside the class, for accessing static variables, and for referring to a class
inside of another class.

What is enum in C++?

enum is abbreviation of Enumeration which assigns names to integer

constant to make a program easy to read. Syntax for the same:

1 enum enum_name{const1, const2, ....... };

What is endl in C++?

Endl is a predefined object of ostream class to insert a new line characters.

How to save a file in C++?

When you have written code in the file (notepad),save the file as
“hello.cpp.” If you want to write in a file using C++ code, you can do it using
iostream and fstream libraries in C++.

#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main () {

ofstream file_name;

file_name.open ("sample.txt");

file_name<< "Write in the file";

file_name.close();

return 0;

Which operators can be overloaded in C++?

List of operators that can be overloaded are:

+ , - , * , / , % , ^, & , | , ~ , !, =, ++ , --, ==, != , && ,

||

+= , -= , /= , %= , ^= , &=, |= , *= , = , [] , (), ->, ->* , new

, new [] , delete , delete []

How to include all libraries in C++?

The library <bits/stdc++.h> in c++ is used to include all the libraries.

How to maximize turbo C++ window?

Alt+Enter is the keyboard shortcut used to maximize (full screen) turbo

C++.

What is an expression in C++?

An expression is a combination of operators, constants and variables.

These seven types of expressions for examples:

- Constant expressions: 89 +10/0

- Integral expressions: x * y

- Floating expressions: 189

- Relational expressions: a<=b

- Logical expressions: a > b && a == 7

- Pointer expressions: *ptr

- Bitwise expressions: p << 5

Why namespace std is used in C++?

If the program does not have using namespace std; then when you write
cout <<; you would have to put std::cout <<; same for other functions such
as cin, endl etc.
Which is the best C++ compiler?

There are several good compilers for C++ such as:

MinGW /

GCC- Borland c++

Dev C++

Embracadero

Clang

Visual C++

Intel C++

Code Block

GCC and clang are great compilers if the programmers target more
portability with good speed.

Intel and other compilers target speed with relatively less emphasis on
portability.

What are the different data types present in C++?

The 4 data types in C++ are:

• Primitive Datatype such as char, short, int, float, long, double, bool,
etc.
• Derived datatype such as an array, pointer, etc.
• Enumeration such as enum
• User-defined data types such as structure, class, etc.
What are the advantages of C++?

• Mid-level programming language

• Portability
• C++ has the concept of inheritance
 • Multi-paradigm programming language
• Memory Management
• C++ is a highly portable language
• Fast and Powerful
• C++ contains a rich function library
What is the difference between reference and pointer?

Reference Pointers

Pointers are used to store the

Reference is used to refer to an existing variable in another name
address of a variable

The pointer can have a null value

References cannot have a null value assigned
assigned

The pointer can be referenced but

A reference variable can be referenced bypassing by the value
passed by reference

Pointers no need to be initialized on

A reference must be initialized on the declaration
the declaration

A reference shares the same memory address with the original Pointer has its own memory address
variable and takes up some space on the stack and size on the stack

What is exception handling in C++?

Exceptions are errors that happen during the execution of code. To handle
them we use throw, try & catch keywords.

What is visual C++?

C++ is a standardized language and Visual C++ is a product that

implements the standard of C++. One can write portable C++ programs
using Visual C++, but one can also use Microsoft-only extensions which
destroy portability but enhances your productivity.
What is stl in C++ with example?

STL in C++ is a library and abbreviation of Standard Template Library. STL is

a generalized library that provides common programming data
structures/ container classes, functions, algorithms, and iterators. STL has
four components

- Algorithms: Searching and sorting algorithms such as binary

search, merge sort etc.

- Containers: Vector, list, queue, arrays, map etc.

- Functions: They are objects that act like functions.

- Iterators: It is an object that allows transversing through

elements of a container, e.g., vector<int>::iterator.

What is flush in C++?

std::flush synchronizes the stream buffer with its controlled output

sequence.

Advanced C++ Interview Questions

This section of the blog talks about advanced C++ Interview Questions for
your reference.

What is a class in C++?

C language is not an object-oriented programming language, so it is a

constant attempt of C++ to introduce OOPs. Class is a user-defined data
type that defines a blueprint of data type. For example,

class Circle{
public:

float radius;

What is inline function in C++?

Inline functions are functions used to increase the execution time of a

program. Basically, if a function is inline, the compiler puts the function
code wherever the function is used during compile time. The syntax for the
same is as follows:

1inline return_type function_name(argument list) {

2
3 //block of code
4
5}

What is friend function in C++?

A friend function has access rights to all private and protected members of
the class.

class Circle

double radius;

public:

friend void printradius( Circle c );

};

void printradius(Circle c )

{
/* Because printradius() is a friend of Circle, it can directly access any member of this class
*/

cout << "Radius of circle: "

<< c.width;}int main()

Circle c;

// Use friend function to print the radius.

printradius( c); return 0;

How to use vector in C++?

A sample code to see how to use vector in C++ is as follows:

#include<iostream>

#include<vector>

using namespace std;

int main()

vector <string> vec_1;

vec_push_back("sample code");

vec_push_back("change example");

for(vector <string>::iterator i=vec_begin();i!=vec_end();++i)

cout<<*i;

return 0;
}

What is vector in C++?

A sequence of containers to store elements, a vector is a template class of

C++. Vectors are used when managing ever-changing data elements. The
syntax of creating vector.

1vector <type> variable (number of elements)

2
3For example:
4
5vector <int> rooms (9);

What is scope resolution operator in C++?

Scope resolution operator in c++ is denoted by double colon (::). It can be

used:

– when there is a local variable with same name as of global variable

– When a function has to be defined outside a class

– When class’s static variables needs to be accessed

– When a class inside another class has to be referred

– In case of multiple Inheritance

What are character constants in C++?

A character constant is member of the character set in which a program is

written which is surrounded by single quotation marks (‘).
What are templates in C++?

A feature that allows functions and classes to operate with generic types
which means a function or class can work on different data types without
being rewritten is called a template.

How to sort vector in C++?

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int main()

vector<int> vec{ 1,9,4,3,2,8,5,7};

sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());

for (auto x : v)

cout << x << "" "";

return 0;
}

What is pure virtual function in C++?

A pure virtual function is a type of virtual function which does not have
implementation, but is only declared. It is declared by assigning 0 in
declaration.

Syntax for the same is as follows:

1class Test
2
3{
4
5 // Data members of class

6
7public:
8
9 virtual void show() = 0;
10
11 /* Other members */
12
13};

How to use map in C++?

Associative containers storing a combination of a key value or mapped

value is called Maps. Syntax:

1 map<key_type , value_type> map_name;

#include <iostream>

#include <iterator>
#include <map>

using namespace std;

int main()

map<int, int> test;

// inserting elements

test.insert(pair<int, int>(1, 2));

test.insert(pair<int, int>(2, 3));

map<int, int>::iterator itr;

for (itr = test.begin(); itr != test.end(); ++itr) {

cout << itr->first

cout << itr->second << '\n';

return 0;

How to empty a vector in C++?

Std::vector::empty tests whether a vector is empty or not. A sample code

for illustrating the same is as follows:

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

int main ()
{

std::vector<int> vec;

int add (0);

for (int i=1;i<=5;i++) vec.push_back(i);

while (!vec.empty())

add+= vec.back();

vec.pop_back();

std::cout << add;

return 0;

How to remove segmentation fault in C++?

Segmentation fault indicates an error memory corruption. In layman terms,

when a piece of code tries to do read and write operation in a read only
location in memory. Below are the reasons and solutions for segmentation
error:

Reason: Accessing an address that is freed

int* p = malloc(8);

*p = 100;

free(p);
*p = 110;

Solution: Before freeing the pointer check the assignment or any operation
required to perform.

Reason: Accessing out of array index bounds

int arr[2];

arr[3] = 10;

Solution: Correcting the array bound

Reason: Improper use of scanf()

int n = 2;

scanf("%d",n);

Solution: To avoid this is the only solution

Reason: Dereferencing uninitialized pointer

int *p;

printf("%d",*p);

Solution: A pointer must point to valid memory before accessing it.

Reason: Stack Overflow

Solution: It can be resolved by having a base condition to return from the

recursive function.
How to initialize a 2d vector in C++?

The syntax to initialize a 2d vector is as follows:

1std::vector<std::vector<int> > name_of_vector;

2
3For example: std::vector<std::vector<int> > v { { 1, 2, 1 },
4
5{ 2, 6, 7 } };

C++ OOPS Interview Questions

C++ Interview Questions also include questions on OOPs Concepts. This

section on C++ OOPS Interview Questions will help you learn more about
the concepts.

What is oops in C++?

OOP or Object Oriented Programming in C++ is a type of programming in

which you create objects and classes to emulate real-world concepts
such as Abstraction, Polymorphism, Encapsulation, and Inheritance.

Here classes are data types that allow you to list several types of
data within it and even functions. You can access these classes with the
help of class objects

What is a constructor in C++?

Constructor in C++ is a method in the class which has the same name as
that of the class and is followed by parentheses (). It is automatically
called when an object of a class is created.

class Hello { // The class

public: // Access specifier

 Hello() { // Constructor

cout << ""Hello World!"";

};

int main() {

Hello obj; // Create an object of Hello (this will call the constructor)

return 0;

What is inheritance in C++?

Inheritance in C++ is just like a child inherits some features and attributes
from his parent similarly a class inherit attributes and methods from
another class. The parent class is called base class and the child class is
called derived class.

// Base class

class Food_Item{
 public:

void taste() {

cout << ""The taste of every food item is different. \n"" ;

};

// Derived class

class Chips: public Food_Item{

public:

void taste() {

cout << ""The taste of chips is salty \n"" ; }

};

What is object in C++?

Class in C++ provides a blueprint for object, that means, object is created
from the class.

For example,

class Circle{

public:

float radius;

Circle C1;
Circle C2;

What is encapsulation in C++?

To prevent access to data directly, Encapsulation is the process that

combines data variables and functions in a class. This is achieved by
doing the following:

Making all data variables private.

Creating getter and setter functions for data variables.

What is an abstraction in C++?

Abstraction in C++ means showing only what is necessary. It’s part of the
Object-oriented Programming concept. Abstraction is used to hide any
irrelevant data from the outside world and only show what is absolutely
necessary for the outside world to use.

eg. Classes use the abstraction concept to only show relevant data types
or elements. This is done through access specifiers such as: public, private,
and protected.

What is a member function in C++?

Member functions are those functions that you declare within a class, they
aremembers of the class. You can reference them using class objects. Eg:

class A

public:

int add(int b)

{
 a = b * 10;

return a;

};

};

What is a virtual base class in C++?

Let’s understand this with an example.

You Have 4 classes: W,X,Y,Z

Here X & Y inherit from W. So they both have similar features being
inherited from W.

Now, Z inherits from both X & Y

Here Z may inherit similar features from X & Y as they both have inherited
them from W. This can cause issues and that’s why we use virtual base
classes as they stop multiple features of a class from appearing in another
class.

How to access private members of a class in C++?

Private members of the class are not accessible by object or function

outside the class. Only functions inside the class can access them or friend
functions. However, pointers can be used to access private data members
outside the class.

The sample code is as follows:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class sample_test{
private:

int n;

public:

sample_test() { n = 45; }

int display() {

return n;

};

How to call a base class constructor from a derived class in C++?

A base class constructor will be called whenever the derived class

constructor is called. Upon the creation of a derived class object, the order
of constructor execution is: base class constructor then Default class
constructor.

What is an abstract class in C++?

An abstract class in C++ is such that cannot be used directly and is used
to form a base class for others to inherit from.

If you create an object for an abstract class the compiler will throw an error
at you.

What is containership in C++?

Containership in C++ is a relationship in which a class’s object is nested

within another class. The class that contains the object is called a
container class and the class whose object is stored is called a contained
class.
What is data hiding in C++?

An object-oriented technique of hiding data members is called data

hiding. In other words, giving restricted access to the data members so as
to maintain object integrity.

Polymorphism Concept

What is runtime polymorphism in C++?

Polymorphism means having many forms whether it is a function or

operator in programming.

Runtime polymorphism is achieved by function overriding.

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

class parent

public:

void print()

{ cout<< ""base class""; }

};

class child:public parent

public:
 void print()

{ cout<< ""derived class""; }

};

int main()

parent *p;

child c;

p = &c;

//virtual function, binded at runtime (Runtime polymorphism)

p->print();

return 0;

What is copy constructor in C++?

A copy constructor in c++ is a constructor which creates an object by

initializing it with an object of the same class, which has been created
previously.
The syntax for copy constructor is as follows:

1classname (const classname &obj) {

2
3 // body of constructor
4
5}
How is modularity introduced in C++?

Modularity is a way of mapping encapsulated abstractions into real and

physical modules which is closely related to Encapsulation. It is a concept
in which separate programs are divided into separate modules.

For example, when building a house it is built in modular way.

First foundation is laid, then structure is made and so on.

What is the size of an empty class in C++?

The size of an empty class is 1 byte generally just to ensure that the two
different objects will have different addresses.

C++ Programming Interview Questions

Programming is an important aspect for any programmer or developer.

This section of the blog talks about c++ interview questions that will be
beneficial to programming. Here is the list of the top 20 c++ programming
questions.

How to write hello world in C++?

Hello world in C++ is as follows:

#include <iostream>

int main()

std::cout << "Hello, World!";

return 0;

}
How to input string in C++?

There are three ways to input a string, using cin, get, and getline. All three
methods are mentioned in the sample program below.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

char s[10];

cout << "Enter a string: ";

cin >> str;

cout << "\nEnter another string: ";

cin.get(s, 10);

getline(cin, str);

return 0;

How to reverse a string in C++?

To reverse a string, a sample code is mentioned below.

#include<iostream>

#include<string.h>

using namespace std;

int main ()
{

char n[50], t;

int i, j;

cout << "Enter a string : ";

gets(n);

i = strlen(n) - 1;

for (j = 0; j < i; j++,i--)

t = s[j];

s[j] = s[i];

s[i] = t;

cout << "\nReverse string : " << s;

return 0;

How to convert integer to string in C++?

There are 2 approaches to convert integer variables to string. Both the

approaches with a sample code are mentioned below.

Approach-1

#include<iostream>

#include<string>

using namespace std;

void main()

int n= 1;

string s= to_string(n);

cout << s;

Approach-2

#include<iostream>

#include <sstream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()

int n = 17;

// declaring output string stream

ostringstream s1;

// Sending a number as a stream into output str

 s<< n;

// the str() converts number into string

string fin = s.str();

// Displaying the string

cout << fin;

return 0;

How to input string in C++ with spaces?

The code to input a string in C++ with spaces is as follows:

#include <iostream>

#include <string>

using namespace std;

int main()

string s;

cout << "Enter the sentence";

getline(cin, s);

cout << str;

return 0;
}

How to dynamically allocate a 2d array in C++?

There are several methods by which one can allocate memory to 2D array
dynamically one of which is as follows:

#include <iostream>

int main()

int row = 2, col = 2;

int* a = new int[row * col];

int i, j, count = 0;

for (i = 0; i < row; i++)

for (j = 0; j < col; j++)

*(a+ i*col + j) = count++;

for (i = 0; i < row; i++)

for (j = 0; j < col; j++)

printf("%d ", *(a + i*col + j));

delete[ ] a;

return 0;

}
How to use goto statement in C++ ?

Goto statement provided unconditional jump in the code.

The syntax is

1goto label;
2label: statement;
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void main () {

float d, avg, add = 0.0;

int j, n;

cin >> n;

for(j = 1; j <= n; ++j)

cout << "Enter number" << i;

cin >> d;

if(d < 0.0)

goto jump;

}
 add+= d;

jump:

avg = add/ (j- 1);

cout << avg;

What is function overriding in C++?

When a function with same name is present in both parent and child class
then it is called function overriding.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class parent {

public:

void display(){

cout<<"Parent Class";

};

class child: public parent{

public:

void display() {

cout<<"Child Class";
 }

};

int main() {

child o = parent();

o.display();

return 0;

What is bool in C++?

Bool is a data type in C++ which takes two values- True and False.

The syntax is as follows:

1 bool b1 = true;
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

int a= 60, b= 70;

bool c, d;

c= a== b; // false

c= a< b; // true
 cout <<b1;

cout << b2 ;

return 0;

How to set decimal places in C++ ?

For limiting the decimal places in C++ there are five functions : floor(),
ceil(), trunc(), round() and setprecision(). Out of these five, only
setprecision() function is used for setting the decimal places to put as
output. All the functions are mentioned in the following sample code.

#include<bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

int main()

float a =33333;

cout << floor(a) << endl;

cout << ceil(a) << endl;

cout << trunc(a) << endl;

cout << round(a) << endl;

cout << setprecision(2) << a;

return 0;

}
How to get absolute value in C++?

In C++, there are three functions in the cstdlib header file to return the
absolute value of the integer. Those are:

• abs()
• labs()
• llabs()
The syntax for all the functions is same

1 function_name(integer value)

• The difference lies in the range for integer value being passed as
an argument.
• For abs() its type int in C++.
• For labs(), its type long int in C++
• For llabs() its long long int in C++.
The sample code for illustrating the three functions is as follows:

#include <cstdlib>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

int a, b, c;

a = abs(22);

b= labs(1234355L);

c= llabs(1234863551LL);
 cout << a;

cout << b;

cout<< c;

return 0;

How to concatenate string in C++ ?

The strings in C++ can be concatenated in two ways- one considering

them string objects and the second concatenating them C-style strings.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

string s_1, s_2, fin;

cout << "Enter string";

getline (cin, s_1);

cout << "Enter string ";

getline (cin, s_2);

fin= s_1 + s_2;

cout << fin;

char str1[50], str2[50], fin[100];

 cout << "Enter string";

cin.getline(str1, 50);

cout << "Enter string";

cin.getline(str2, 50);

strcat(str1, str2);

cout << "str1 = " << str1 << endl;

cout << "str2 = " << str2;

return 0;

How to convert char to int in C++ ?

There are three methods for converting char variable to int type variable.
These are as follows:

• atoi()
• sscanf()
• typecasting
A sample code depicting all three functions are as follows:

#include<stdio.h>

#include<stdlib.h>
int main() {

char *s = "6790";

char d = 's';

int a,b,c;

sscanf(s, "%d", &a); // Using sscanf

printf("a : %d", a);

b = atoi(s); // Using atoi()

printf(“b : %d", b);

c = (int)(d); // Using typecasting

printf("c : %d", c);

return 0;

How to generate random numbers in C++ with a range?

Using the rand() function we can generate random numbers in C++ within
a range.

#include <iostream>

#include <random>

int main()
{

int max=100, min=54,i;

int range = max - min + 1;

for (i=min; i<max;i++)

int num = rand() % range + min;

cout<<num;

return 0;

How to find absolute value in C++?

To find the absolute value in c++, we can use abs() function. The abs()
function in C++ returns the absolute value of an integer number.

#include <iostream>

#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

int main()

int a=3.456;

int x = abs(a);

cout << x;
 return 0;

How to write a class in C++?

A class in C++ is the building block that leads to Object-Oriented

programming and is a user-defined data type which holds data and
functions. The syntax to write a class in C++ is as follows:

Class (keyword) Class_Name (this is user defined)

Access specifier: // private, public, protected

Data members //int, char, float, double etc. variables to be used

Member function() { } // Methods to access data members

}; //Class end

For example:

class Sample

// Access specifier

private:

// Data Members

string s;

// Member Functions()
 void printname()

cout << s;

};

How to use strcmp function in C++?

strcmp() function is an in-built function of <string.h> header file which

takes two strings as arguments and compares these two strings
lexicographically.

The syntax of the function is as follows:

1 int strcmp(const char *l, const char *r );

#include<stdio.h>

#include<string.h>

int main()

// z has greater ASCII value than g

char a[] = "zfz";

char b[] = "gfg";

int r = strcmp(a, b);

if (r==0)
 printf("Strings are equal");

else

printf("Strings are unequal");

printf("%d" , r);

return 0;

How to write to a file in C++?

A file is read in c++ using a fstream header file.

#include <iostream>

#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()

ofstream fout;

string r;

fout.open("test.txt");

while (fout) {
 getline(cin, r);

if (r == "-1")

break;

fout << line << endl;

fout.close();

ifstream fin;

fin.open("test.txt");

while (fin) {

getline(fin, line);

cout << line << endl;

fin.close();

return 0;

What is stringstream in C++?

Stringstream is a class in c++ that associates a string object with a stream

allowing to read from the string as if it were a stream.

Syntax is as follows:

1 stringstream string_name(str);

Basic operations are as follows:

clear()

str()

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