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Cramer's rule

The document presents a detailed example of solving a system of three linear equations using Cramer's Rule and substitution methods, ultimately finding the unique solutions for the variables x, y, and z as -2, -2, and 3, respectively. It emphasizes that both methods yield the same results, demonstrating their effectiveness in solving linear systems. Additionally, the document provides recommendations for further study on Cramer's Rule and related matrix concepts.

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Lucia Makwasha
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6 views

Cramer's rule

The document presents a detailed example of solving a system of three linear equations using Cramer's Rule and substitution methods, ultimately finding the unique solutions for the variables x, y, and z as -2, -2, and 3, respectively. It emphasizes that both methods yield the same results, demonstrating their effectiveness in solving linear systems. Additionally, the document provides recommendations for further study on Cramer's Rule and related matrix concepts.

Uploaded by

Lucia Makwasha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Example 4

For the final Cramers rule example, we will be solving a system of 3 equations for 3
unknowns:

�+3�+4�=4x+3y+4z=4
−�+3�+2�=2−x+3y+2z=2
3�+9�+6�=−63x+9y+6z=−6
Equation 29: System of 3 linear equations for 3 unknowns

We convert the system into an augmented matrix:

Equation 30: Augmented matrix for the 3x3 system

And then we calculate the 4 required determinants:

Equation 31: Cramers rule determinants

Now use �D, ��Dx, ��Dy to finally find the unique solution for each variable
in the equations:

�=���=72−36=−2x=DDx=−3672=−2

�=���=72−36=−2y=DDy=−3672=−2
�=���=−108−36=3y=DDz=−36−108=3
Equation 32: Solution to the variables x, y and z

And the system is solved! The solutions for the


variables �x, �y and �z are: �=−2,�=−2,�=3x=−2,y=−2,z=3

For this last exercise we would like to work on a proof of Cramers rule by solving the
system from equation 24 using another method and check for the result.
Thus, we use substitution to solve the system:

starting up with the three equations:

� + 3� + 4�=4−� + 3� + 2�=23� + 9� +
6�=−6x+3y+4z=4−x+3y+2z=23x+9y+6z=−6

solve for�xin the 1st equation, and substitute it in the 3rd:

�=4−3�−4�x=4−3y−4z

3(4−3�−4�) + 9� + 6�=−6 3(4−3y−4z)+9y+6z=−6→ −6� +


12=−6−6z+12=−6

−6�=−18 −6z=−18→ �=3z=3


Equation 33: Solving the 3x3 system by substitution (part 1)

Now we continue the substitution technique by substituting the found value of the
variable �z into the first and second equations and obtain a new simplified system
of 2 equations for 2 unknowns:

� + 3� + 4�=4 x+3y+4z=4→ � + 3� + 4(3)=4 x+3y+4(3)=4→ � +


3�=−8x+3y=−8

−� + 3� + 2�=2 −x+3y+2z=2→ −� + 3� + 2(3)=2 −x+3y+2(3)=2→


−� + 3�=−4−x+3y=−4

The new equations are:


� + 3�=−8−� + 3�=−4x+3y=−8−x+3y=−4
Equation 34: Solving the 3x3 system by substitution (part 2)

Using these new expressions found in equation 29, solve for x in the second
equation and substitute it in the first equation to find �y:

3� + 4=� 3y+4=x→ (3� + 4) + 3�=−8(3y+4)+3y=−8


6� + 4=−8 6y+4=−8→ 6�=−126y=−12
�=−2y=−2
Equation 35: Solving the 3x3 system by substitution (part 3)

And we finalize this by substituting the found value of y into the second expression
from equation 29:

−� + 3�=−4 −x+3y=−4→ −� + 3(−2)=−4−x+3(−2)=−4


−�−6=−4 −x−6=−4→ −�=2−x=2
�=−2x=−2
Equation 36: Solving the 3x3 system by substitution (part 4)

The final found values for the


variables �x,�y and �z are: �=−2,�=−2,�=3x=−2,y=−2,z=3

Therefore, the unique solutions for the variables in the linear system of equations
match with the answers found using Cramers rule for matrices! And you can clearly
see that both approaches are good for us to use when solving systems.

To finalize our lesson of today, as always, we have a few recommendations for your
further studies. First, this detailed article in which you can find an example of using
Cramers rule to solve two equations with two unknowns. And then, this link on
the inverse matrix and Cramers rule where you can find an example of a 3x3 system
in the bottom.

This is it for this lesson, see you in the next one!


This is a different way of solving linear systems. Instead of using Gaussian
Eliminations, you can use Cramer's Rule! Make sure to review your determinants of
2 x 2 and 3 x 3 matrices.

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