9

English
Quarter 4, Module 1
Modals and Uses of Words to
Express Evaluation
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-
check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust
that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

Language facilitates exchange information may it be through simple

statements, asking questions, permissions or making request from people. While
these may look easy, people could still misinterpret your intentions, you say
something, but the other person hears something else, thus miscommunication
occur*. There may also be instances where people choose to be less
straightforward so they will not hurt other people’s feelings or to mitigate any
conflict. In these situations, modals allow you to express yourself without
appearing to offensive to your listener.

In this module, you will use modal verbs. These modals may express
permission, obligation, prohibition or express evaluation. To assess whether you
have learned to use modals. Also, you will evaluate an act or a performance by using
not only modals but also descriptive words and appropriate expressions. At the end
of this module, you are able to:

1. use modals in expressing permission, obligation, prohibition, and

expressing evaluation.

2. Construct sentences using the appropriate modals

While asking permission, showing obligation, prohibition, and making an

evaluation are very much part of our daily functions, communicating all these in
English may be challenging especially that Filipino and English culture may be
different in some ways. This module will give you insights on using appropriate
modals to express permission, obligation, prohibition (EN9G-IVe-23) and how to
use words to express evaluation (EN9G-IVh-24).

1 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
 What I Know

Pre-test

Before we start talking about modals, let us check what you already know
about them.

A. Read the following sentences below and choose the best answer.
1. Which statement expresses permission?
a. Can I go now?
b. I can go now.

2. Which statement expresses moral obligation?

a. Parents should teach their children to obey older people.
b. Parents must teach their children to obey older people.

3. Which statement expresses prohibition to do something?

a. You cannot drive the car.
b. I can help you with that.

4. Which statement expresses the ability to do something?

a. I can wear a mask correctly.
b. I should wash my hands properly.

5. Which statement expresses an obligation?

a. We must wear masks all the time.
b. We will wear masks all the time.

B. Read and understand the short conversation below and fill in the correct
modals.
Choose your answer from the pool of words inside the box.

must may can could should

Saleslady: (1) I help you?

Customer: (2) Yes, you show me the gloves, size Medium?
Saleslady: (3) All right, sir, I show you the different sizes of the gloves.
Customer: (4) That be the one my mother is looking for. (5) you
please tell me its price?

2 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
 Saleslady: It costs only 450.00 per box.
Customer: Ok, I will take one box.
Saleslady: Ok sir, thank you so much.
Now that you know how to express statements of obligation, prohibition,
permission.
Let us try to explore if you know how to make an evaluation by using
descriptive words.

C. Recall the lesson you had about descriptive words. Evaluate the picture below and
write possible words to use in describing what the picture is all about.

Liu, T. (2020, April 8). MarketWatch.

https://www.marketwatch.com/story/what-the-doctors-and-nurses-who-beat-
back-the-coronavirus-in-wuhan-want-you-to-know-about-their-months-in-hell-
2020-04-08

3 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
 Lesson Express Permission,
Obligation, and
1 Prohibition

What’s New

Why are modals important? Modals or modal auxiliaries tend to change the
perspective of the whole sentence. From certainty to possibility, positive to
negative ability, request to obligation, modals can help you navigate varied areas
of meaning. Let us explore below how modals modify the meaning of the sentence.

Task 1: Ponder On!

Direction: Answer the following guide questions briefly. Use your journal for the
answer.
a) Have you experienced being misunderstood by your family members,
teachers, and friends?
b) What happened?
c) What did you do about it?
d) In what way did you fix the problem?

You probably realized from the experience you shared how important word choice
is. A change in modals could totally change the tone of the sentence. People
around us can either see us as too lenient or too arrogant if we are not very careful
in using modals.

4 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
 What is It

Language Highlights

Modal verbs include can, must, may, might, will, would, should. They are used
with other verbs to express ability, obligation, possibility, and so on. Below is a list
showing the most useful modals and their most common meanings:

Modal Meaning Example

Can to express ability I can speak a little Russian.

Can to request permission Can I open the window?

may to express possibility I may be home late.

may to request permission May I sit down, please?

must to express obligation I must go now.

must to express strong belief She must be over 90 years old.

should to give advice You should stop smoking.

would to request or offer Would you like a cup of tea?

would in if-sentences If I were you, I would say sorry.

can't to express prohibition You can’t drive that car.

You mustn't use your phone in
mustn't class.

Points to Remember on Prohibition:

Can't usually give the idea of something that is against the rules while. Mustn't
usually means that it is the speaker who is setting the rule.
Example: We can’t go inside the malls without face mask.
We must wear face mask properly
So, now that you understand the expressions using modal verbs. You are
now ready to answer all the activities provided for you. So, enjoy the learning
tasks in this module.

5 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
 What’s
More

Task 2: Try This!

Direction: Choose the appropriate modal verb to complete the sentence.
1. I have more cheese on my sandwich?
a. Can b. Must
2. you leave the room please?
a. Could b. May
3. You eat more vegetables. They are healthy for you.
a. might b. should
4. I like to buy the same table for my house.
a. could b. would
5. I have a piece of cake please?
a. May b. Must
6. You smoke near children.
a. shouldn't b. wouldn't
7. People wash their hands at all times.
a. may b. must
8. Always wear your mask, you enter the office without it.
a. cannot b. wouldn't
9. Students below 21 years old stay home.
a. must b. would
10. Children under 5 years old swim without an adult.
a. have to b. must not

6 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
Task 3: What is It!

Direction: Study the situations below and write your response using
appropriate modals.
1. Luis has a performance task in one of his subjects. He needs to buy the materials
in the mall but he forgot his face mask. What will you tell Luis?
Answer:

2. The teacher is discussing the lesson seriously but you need to go out for
personal necessities. What will you say to your teacher?
Answer:

3. Your friends will go to the public plaza for the vaccination and you are
advised to follow protocols. What will you say to your friends?
Answer:

Task 4: Fill Me In!

Direction: Choose the right modal verb from the pool of words below. Answers may
be repeated.

might must must not can cannot should could

1. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. You buy any.

2. It's a hospital. You smoke.
3. He had been working for more than 11 hours. He be tired after such
hard work.
4. He prefer to get some rest.
5. I speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we lived in Morocco. But
after we moved back to Canada, I had very little exposure to the language and
forgot almost everything I knew as a child.
6. Now, I just say a few things in the language.
7. you stand on your head for more than a minute?
8. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you work hard.
9. Take an umbrella. It rain later.
10. Drivers stop when the traffic lights are red.

Which of the modals above did you find difficult to use? What made them too
confusing for you?

7 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
 What I Have Learned

Task 5: What I Can Say!

Direction: Create a possible conversation between a patient and a doctor. In the

dialogue that you will write, make sure to use modals. Write your answer in your
notebook. You will be rated base on the rubric below.

Task 6: It's Time to Reflect!

Direction: Complete the following entry in order to deepen your understanding about
modals. Write your answer in your journal.
1. I have learned that modals
.
2. I realize that I can use modals in
.
3. If given the chance, I will use modals
.

It's great that you are doing well in the activities. Let me know how you feel while
doing the tasks in this module. Draw your feeling in the circle provided

8 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
 What I Can Do

Task 7: Apply Me!

Direction: Given the following situations below, write a one paragraph essay using
modals. Write your answer in your journal.
1. Your sister is working in a fast food chain as a cashier. What would you advise
her to do considering the pandemic you are experiencing right now?
2. Your friend is asking you to drink alcoholic beverages and let you smoke in
front of your peer. How would you react and what will you tell them in such a
way that they will not be embarrassed?
3. You caught your classmate having leakage during the quarter examination.
What will you advise her?
4. You have observed in your neighbourhood that people are discriminating against
the COVID-19 patient. How would you tell your neighbours to stop them from
doing it?
5. With the pandemic that your country is experiencing right now, what will you
tell to the leaders of our country?
Rubric for Essay Writing

Let's see how well you can do in these next activities. Enjoy doing the tasks!

9 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
 Lesson

2 Use of Descriptive Words

What I Need to Know

While modals enhance the meaning of the verbs that you use in the
sentences, descriptive words as well put more strength to arguments, color to
persuasion and emphasis in an evaluation.

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. identify descriptive words in the sentences;
2. differentiate adjectives from adverbs; and
3. write an evaluation using correct descriptive words.

What’s In

Task 1: Guidepost!
As of July 19, 2020, COVID-19 pandemic has reached a grim milestone all
over the world with over 14M confirmed cases, and almost 600 thousand deaths,
reported to WHO (World Health Organization). The Philippines in particular saw an
increasing number of cases as of late so the secretary of the Department of Health
issued a memorandum on the Interim Guidelines on the Return-to-Work.

Study carefully the specific guidelines below and pay attention to the italicized

words.
1. The employer must ensure that the workspace is properly disinfected,
ventilated, and maintained.

2. The employer shall also provide proper visual reminders for safety policies
around the workplace to improve compliance.

3. The employer may also adopt and implement alternative working arrangements
indicated in the Civil Service Commission Memorandum Circular 10, series of
2020, and Joint Department of Trade and Industry and Department of Labor
Employment Interim Guidelines on Workplace Prevention and Control of
COVID-19

10 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
Task 2: Evaluate!
Gauge the guidelines above by answering the following questions?
1. What kind of verbs are the italicized words?
2. Which italicized verb expresses possibility?
3. Of the three specific guidelines, which guideline leaves you no choice except
to follow? Why?
4. Under guideline number 3, if the employer doesn’t adopt and implement
alternative working arrangements, would he/she be punished by the
Department of Health? Yes or no. Then why?

5. Notice the words highlighted. Try omitting them. What difference does it
make in the sentence? Why do you think these words are important?

What is It

Descriptive words are also called word modifiers. They give a more specific
meaning to the word they modify. In English, there are two kinds of descriptive
words: an adjective and an adverb. If a noun or a pronoun is described in a sentence,
your modifier is an adjective. The modifier is an adverb if it describes an adjective, a
verb, or another adverb.

To help you identify which is an adjective or adverb, always remember what

question it answers. Adjective answers the questions what kind, how many, or
which one while an adverb answers the questions how, when, where, why, or to what
extent.

In addition, descriptive words are very important in making an evaluation or

judgment to a certain act, be it in a role play, individual or group performance in
the classroom, or talent show in school. These words make an evaluation more
interesting and full of details. It further gives clarity and understanding of the act or
presentation.

11 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
Compare the evaluation below.
Without Descriptive Words With Descriptive Words
Our group performs a dance act on Our group performs the most
stage. synchronous dance act on stage.
My friend is a song writer and a My friend is a well-known song
singer at the same time. writer and an amazing singer as well.

The highlighted words, most synchronous, well-known and amazing under with
Descriptive Words add vivid details to the words they modify. Thus, they make the
thought of the sentences clearer and more interesting.

Task 5: Take a Look and Try!

A. Observe how the descriptive words in italics are used in the paragraph below.

The V Unbeatable is a Mumbai-based dance crew who perform the most electrifying
dance routine in America’s Got Talent. The talented crew members incorporate in
their dance moves an acrobatic style of dancing. Whenever they perform in AGT’s
biggest stage, they absolutely make the people of the stadium rocking. Every act is
stunning and brilliant as judges eagerly rise from their seats to give them a well-
deserved standing ovation. Their incredibly amazing performance in AGT’s Season 2
finale made them the “World Champion.”

B. Fill in the table below with correct answers. Please refer to task 5. Number 1 is
done for you.

Congratulations for a job well done! Continue to do well in the succeeding activities.

12 CO_Q4_English 9_Module 1
 What’s
More
Task 6: Try More!
Answer with the correct form of modifier (adjective or adverb) in parenthesis. Number

1 is done for you.

1. The man is (quick) quick. He works quickly.

2. My seatmate is a (nice) girl. She speaks .
3. The wind blew (violent) . It was the most wind this year.
4. I saw an (angry) dog. It barks .
5. The students answer the questions (careful) . They have to be
not to commit a mistake.
6. Automatic cars are (fast) and reliable. They run enough to beat
a speeding bus.
7. Jodi acted in that movie (excellent) . She’s always an actress.
8. English is an (easy) language to learn. Filipinos learn it .
9. Hannah is a (good) chef. She cooks .
10. It is (awful) hot today. This summer is .

Task 7: My Reflection!
Writing what you learn helps you remember important ideas. So, complete
the following in your notebook.

1. My journey through this lesson enabled me to learn…

2. It made me realize that…

Summary: Let's Sum Up!

This module tells you that:

● Modal verbs include can, must, may, might, will, would, should. They are
used with other verbs to express ability, obligation, possibility, and so on.

● Modals can be used to be better understood in communication especially if

the speaker wants to express something.

● Descriptive words are also called word modifiers. There are two kinds of
descriptive words: an adjective and an adverb. If a noun or a pronoun is
described in a sentence, your modifier is an adjective. The modifier is an
adverb if it describes an adjective, a verb, or another adverb.
Assessment

A. Analyse the following statements. Then, choose the best explanation. In the
sentences below, what is the bold modal verb being used to do?

1. You ought to call your uncle Ron.

a. This sentence uses ought to give advice.
b. This sentence uses ought to indicate your ability to call uncle Ron.

2. Can we have dessert before dinner today?

a. The sentence uses can to talk about the future.
b. Can is being used here to ask permission.

3. I must go to sleep by 9:00 if I want to wake up at 4:00.

a. Must means that it’s necessary for me to go to sleep by 9:00.
b. This sentence uses must to ask for permission.

4. When she was little, Sarah could stand on her head, but she can’t
anymore.
a. Could is used to indicate that Sarah wants permission to stand on her
head.
b. Sarah had the ability to stand on her head.

5. The weather is not good today; it might rain this afternoon.

a. There is a possible rain in the afternoon.
b. There will be no rain in the afternoon.