BIOLOGY REVISION-1

1. Flowers are reproductive organs. They help flowering plants with sexual
reproduction.
(a) Suggest how sexual reproduction makes it more likely that a species can adapt to
a changing environment. (2)
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(b) Some flowering plants transfer their male gametes (pollen) by using insects and
others use wind. The diagram shows a plant that is wind-pollinated.

(i) Give two ways you can tell from the diagram that this plant is wind-pollinated. (2)
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(ii) Suggest why insects rarely visit wind-pollinated flowers. (2)
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(c) Some people have an allergy to pollen produced by flowering plants. This is
known as hay fever.
(i) Suggest why hay fever tends to be caused by wind-pollinated plants rather
than insect pollinated plants. (1)
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(ii) Suggest why people only show symptoms of hay fever at certain times of the
year. (1)
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(iii) Allergies are caused by the body cells reacting to the proteins on the surface
of the pollen grains.
Explain how the body usually responds to foreign proteins. (3)
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2. The diagram shows part of a lily. A lily is an insect-pollinated flower.
(a) Name the structures labelled A and B. (2)
A
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B
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(b) Describe what is meant by the term insect-pollination. (2)
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(c) Give two ways in which the structure of a wind-pollinated flower would differ
from the lily flower shown in the diagram. (2)
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(d) Describe the events that follow pollination and how they lead to seed formation.(6)
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3. The drawing shows part of a flower involved in sexual reproduction.
The drawing has been separated into three sections A, B and C.
(a) Complete the table by giving the correct letter for the section that matches
each statement.
Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all.
The first one has been done for you. (4)

(b) The drawing shows a pollen grain from an insect-pollinated flower as seen using
a microscope.

Suggest how the structure of this pollen grain shows it is from an

insect-pollinated flower. (2)
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(c) Pollen grains were placed in a solution that helps them to germinate (grow a pollen tube).
A microscope was used to observe the pollen grains for two hours.
The percentage of pollen grains that had started to germinate was measured
during the two-hour period.
The graph shows the results.

(i) Describe how the percentage germination changed during the two-hour period. (2)
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(ii) The drawing shows pollen grains seen using the microscope at one time
during the two hours.
Use the drawing and the graph to determine the time when these pollen grains
were observed.
Show your working. (2)

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(iii) Calculate the actual size of the pollen grain labelled A. Show your working. (2)

Answer .............................................mm

(d) Explain the benefit to the plant of producing offspring by sexual reproduction
rather than by asexual reproduction. (2)

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