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Pearson Edexcel
Level 1/Level 2 GCSE (9–1)

Thursday 16 May 2019

Morning (Time: 1 hour 10 minutes) Paper Reference 1SC0/1CF

Combined Science
Paper 2: Chemistry 1
Foundation Tier
You must have: Total Marks
Calculator, ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer allthequestions.
Answer
• – there may bequestions in the spaces provided
more space than you need.
• Calculators may be used.
• You must showmayall NOT
Any diagrams be accurately drawn, unless otherwise indicated.
• the end of your solution.
your working out with your answer clearly identified at

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 60
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• toIn questions marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your ability
structure your answer logically showing how the points that you make are
related or follow on from each other where appropriate.
• There is a periodic table on the back cover of the paper.
Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over

P60244A
©2019 Pearson Education Ltd.

1/1/1/
*P60244A0120*
 Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box .

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If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then
mark your new answer with a cross .

1 The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

(a) What is the name of the change of state when a liquid changes into a solid?
(1)
A condensation
B evaporation
C freezing
D melting

(b) A gas was left to cool to form a liquid.

Figure 1 shows how the temperature of the substance changed with time.

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A
temperature 100
in °C

B C
75

50
0 2 4 6 8
time in minutes

Figure 1

From A to B the substance is a gas. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

From C to D the substance is a liquid.
(i) State the time when the gas first started to form a liquid.
(1)

.............................................................. minutes
(ii) Calculate the number of minutes it took from the gas first starting to form a
liquid until the substance was completely liquid.
(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.............................................................. minutes

2
*P60244A0220*
 (c) Figure 2 shows the melting points and boiling points of four substances, W, X, Y and Z.
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substance melting point in °C boiling point in °C

W −220 −188
X −101 −34
Y −7 59
Z 114 184

Figure 2

Using the information in Figure 2

(i) give the letter of the substance that is a solid at 20 °C
(1)

........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(ii) give the letter of a substance that is a liquid at 50 °C

(1)

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*P60244A0320*
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(d) The diagrams below show particles in five different structures.
The different circles show different particles.

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Draw one straight line from each substance to its structure.
(2)

substance particles in
structures

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solid zinc metal, Zn(s)

hydrogen gas, H2(g)

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(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

4
*P60244A0420*
 2 Mixtures of substances can be separated using different techniques.
(a) Which of the following is a mixture of substances?
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(1)
A air
B carbon dioxide
C gold
D titanium

(b) Figure 3 shows the apparatus that a student set up to obtain pure water from ink.
There are three mistakes in the way the apparatus has been set up.

side arm
water in
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water-cooled condenser
thermometer bulb

beaker
water out

ink

heat
Figure 3

(i) One mistake is that the bulb of the thermometer is too low.
The bulb of the thermometer should be level with the side arm.
Give a reason why the bulb of the thermometer should be level with the side arm.
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(1)

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(ii) State one other mistake in Figure 3.

(1)

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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*P60244A0520*
5
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(c) Paper chromatography is used to separate the substances in five different food
colourings, P, Q, R, S and T.

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Figure 4 shows the chromatogram at the end of the experiment.

solvent front

start line

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P Q R S T

Figure 4

(i) The steps needed to carry out the chromatography experiment are listed below.
They are not in the correct order.
1 leave the solvent to rise up the paper
2 put solvent in the beaker
3 draw a start line on the piece of paper
4 place the paper in the beaker
5 remove the paper when the solvent is near the top
6 put small spots of the food colourings on the start line
List the steps in the correct order. DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

The first two steps have been done for you.

(2)

2 3

6
*P60244A0620*
 (ii) Explain, using Figure 4, which food colouring contains the greatest number of
coloured substances.
(2)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(iii) During chromatography of the food colourings, the solvent front moved
8.00 cm and the food colouring R moved 2.30 cm.
Calculate the Rf value for food colouring R.
Give your answer to two significant figures.
(2)

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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Rf value = ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 2 = 9 marks)

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*P60244A0720*
7
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3 (a) The reactivity of copper, magnesium and zinc was investigated.
Each metal was placed separately in dilute hydrochloric acid.
The amount of effervescence was observed.

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(i) The same mass of metal was used in each experiment.
Which piece of apparatus should be used to find the mass of metal used?
(1)
A a balance
B a pipette
C a stopwatch
D a thermometer

(ii) State two variables, apart from the mass of the metals, that should be
controlled in this investigation.
(2)

1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(iii) Magnesium produces the most vigorous effervescence.

Copper does not produce any effervescence.
Give the reason why copper does not produce any effervescence.
(1)

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(iv) The magnesium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form

magnesium chloride solution and hydrogen gas.
The equation for the reaction is
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Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) o MgCl2(................ ) + H2(................ )

Fill in the missing state symbols in the spaces provided.

(2)

8
*P60244A0820*
 (b) Potassium carbonate reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to form potassium sulfate.
(i) Potassium sulfate contains potassium ions, K+, and sulfate ions, SO42−.
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Write the formula of potassium sulfate.

(1)

...................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Equal volumes of a solution of potassium carbonate were reacted separately with
an excess of dilute sulfuric acid solution.
Pure dry samples of potassium sulfate were obtained from the resulting solutions.
The experiment was repeated three times using the same conditions.
The masses of potassium sulfate obtained were

experiment 1 = 5.22 g
experiment 2 = 5.24 g
experiment 3 = 5.21 g

Calculate the mean mass of potassium sulfate obtained, giving your answer to
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two decimal places.

(2)

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mean mass of potassium sulfate = ............................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . g

(Total for Question 3 = 9 marks)

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*P60244A0920*
9
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4 Metals are extracted from substances naturally occurring in the Earth’s crust.
(a) Which of these metals is usually found uncombined in the Earth’s crust?

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(1)
A calcium
B gold
C iron
D magnesium

(b) Zinc can be extracted by heating zinc oxide with carbon.

The products are zinc and carbon dioxide.
(i) Write the word equation for this reaction.
(2)

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(ii) In this reaction zinc oxide loses oxygen.

State the type of reaction taking place when an oxide loses oxygen.
(1)

...................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(c) Aluminium is extracted from aluminium oxide by electrolysis.

Aluminium oxide is made up of ions.
(i) The formula of aluminium oxide is Al2O3.
Give the number of ions in the formula Al2O3.
(1)

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(ii) Complete the balanced equation for the overall reaction by putting numbers
in the spaces.
(2)

2Al2O3 o ................ Al + ................ O2

10
*P60244A01020*
 (d) (i) The environmental impact of a product is assessed in a life-cycle assessment.
The stages in this assessment are given below.
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They are not in the correct order.

A disposal of the product
B manufacturing the product
C obtaining and processing the raw materials
D using the product
List the stages of the life-cycle assessment, using letters A, B, C, D, in the
correct order from start to finish.
(2)

(ii) Aluminium can be obtained by recycling aluminium waste.

Give two advantages of obtaining aluminium by recycling aluminium waste
rather than mining the raw material and extracting aluminium from that
raw material.
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(2)

1 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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2 . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. .............................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

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*P60244A01120*
11
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5 In Figure 5, the letters A, E, G, J, X and Z show the positions of six elements in the
periodic table.

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These letters are not the symbols of the atoms of these elements.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0

A E G

J X

Figure 5

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(a) Using the letters A, E, G, J, X and Z
(i) give the letters of the two elements that are non-metals
(1)

...................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) give the letters of two elements in period 2

(1)

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(iii) give the letter of an element that normally forms an ion with a charge of +1.
(1)

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(b) Element E has an atomic number of 5.

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In a sample of E there are two isotopes. One isotope has a mass number of 10
and the other isotope has a mass number of 11.
(i) Explain, in terms of subatomic particles, what is meant by the term isotopes.
(2)

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12
*P60244A01220*
 (ii) All atoms of element E in this sample contain
(1)
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A 5 protons
B 5 neutrons
C 6 protons
D 6 neutrons

(c) Element X has an atomic number of 18.

State the electronic configuration of an atom of element X.
(1)

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(d) In an experiment, 3.5 g of element A reacted with 4.0 g of element G to form

a compound.
Calculate the empirical formula of this compound.
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(relative atomic masses: A = 7, G = 16)

You must show your working.
(3)

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empirical formula of this compound = ........................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*P60244A01320*
13
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(e) An oxygen atom has six electrons in its outer shell.
A hydrogen atom has one electron in its outer shell.

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Complete the dot and cross diagram of a molecule of water, H2O.
Show outer shell electrons only.
(2)

H H

(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

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14
*P60244A01420*
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*P60244A01520*
15
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6 (a) Water, acidified with sulfuric acid, is decomposed by electrolysis.
The water is decomposed to produce hydrogen and oxygen.

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(i) A sample of hydrogen is mixed with air and ignited.
State what would happen.
(1)

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(ii) Throughout the experiment the volume of hydrogen and the volume of
oxygen are measured at two-minute intervals.
The results are shown in Figure 6.

volume of hydrogen volume of oxygen

time in minutes
in cm3 in cm3

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0 0 0
2 4 2
4 8 4
6 12 6
8 16 8

Figure 6

Describe, using the data in Figure 6, what the results show about the volumes
of hydrogen and of oxygen produced in this experiment.
(2)

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16
*P60244A01620*
 (b) Molten lead bromide is electrolysed.
The products of this electrolysis are
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(1)
A hydrogen and bromine
B hydrogen and oxygen
C lead and bromine
D lead and oxygen

(c) Calcium nitrate and calcium carbonate are both ionic compounds.
Calcium nitrate mixed with water behaves as an electrolyte.
Calcium carbonate mixed with water does not behave as an electrolyte.
Explain, in terms of solubility and movement of ions, this difference in behaviour.
(2)

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*P60244A01720*
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 *(d) Impure copper can be purified using electrolysis.
In this electrolysis

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• the anode is made of impure copper
• the cathode is made from pure copper
• the electrolyte is copper sulfate solution.
The apparatus at the start of the experiment is shown in Figure 7.

6V d.c.
supply

pure copper cathode impure copper anode

copper sulfate solution

Figure 7

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During the electrolysis three observations are made
• the sizes of both the anode and the cathode change
• a solid appears directly beneath the anode
• the colour of the copper sulfate solution does not change.
Explain all three observations.
(6)

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18
*P60244A01820*
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(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 60 MARKS

*P60244A01920*
19
 20
The periodic table of the elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
1 4
H He
hydrogen helium

Key 1 2

7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
3 4 atomic (proton) number 5 6 7 8 9 10

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63.5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

85 88 89 91 93 96 [98] 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 [209] [210] [222]
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium lanthanum hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

*P60244A02020*
* The elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71 are omitted from this part of the periodic table.

The relative atomic masses of copper and chlorine have not been rounded to the nearest whole number.

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