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IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012

(Reaffirmed 2017)
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Indian Standard
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL TESTS
FOR REFRACTORY MATERIALS
PART 4 DETERMINATION OF COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH OF DENSE
SHAPED REFRACTORIES PRODUCTS

( Second Revision )

ICS 81.080

© BIS 2012
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

June 2012 Price Group 2

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Refractories Sectional Committee, MTD 15

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 4) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Refractories Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division
Council.
This standard was first published in 1962 and subsequently revised in 1974. This standard deals with the
method of determination of cold crushing strength of dense shaped refractories products and the other parts in
the series are:
Part 1 Determination of pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) or softening point
Part 2 Determination of refractoriness under load
Part 3 Determination of spalling resistance
Part 5/ISO 5014 : 1986 Method for determination of modulus of rupture at ambient temperature of dense
and insulating shaped refractory products
Part 6 Determination of permanent change after reheating
Part 7 Methods of sampling and criteria for conformity
Part 8 Determination of apparent porosity
Part 9 Determination of true density
Part 10 Determination of size of refractory bricks
Part 11 Determination of wrapage
Part 12/ISO 5016 : 1997 Method for determination of bulk density and true porosity of shaped insulating
refractory products
Part 13/ISO 12676 : 2000 Determination of resistance to the disintegrating effect of carbon monoxide
Part 14 Sieve analysis
Part 15 Method for determination of bulk density, apparent porosity and true porosity of
dense shaped refractory materials
Part 16/ISO 8894-2 : 1990 Determination of thermal conductivity according to the hot wire method (parallel)
Part 17/ISO 8895 : 1986 Determination of cold crushing strength of shaped insulating refractory products
Part 18/ISO 3187 : 1989 Determination of creep in compression
Part 19 Determination of thermal expansion
Part 20/ISO 5103 : 1985 Determination of modulus of rupture at elevated temperature
Part 21/ISO 8894-1 : 1987 Determination of thermal conductivity according to hot-wire method (cross-array)
Part 22/ISO 8841 : 1991 Method for determination of permeability to gases of dense shaped refractory
products
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960
‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off
value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
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IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012

Indian Standard
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND PHYSICAL TESTS
FOR REFRACTORY MATERIALS
PART 4 DETERMINATION OF COLD CRUSHING STRENGTH OF DENSE
SHAPED REFRACTORIES PRODUCTS

( Second Revision )
1 SCOPE The machine shall be capable of increasing the stress
at a rate of 1.0 N/mm2/s, until the test piece is unable
This standard (Part 4) prescribes a method for to support the load.
determination of the cold compressive strength of
dense shaped refractory products. The platens of machine shall,
a) have a Rockwell hardness value between
2 REFERENCES
58 HRC and 62 HRC; and
The following standards contain provisions, which b) be ground plane to flatness tolerance of
through reference in this text, constitute provisions 0.03 mm over the area to be in contact with
of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions the test piece.
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision and parties to agreement based on this The upper platen shall function on a seating that will
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility compensate for small deviations from parallelism
of applying the most recent editions of the standards between the platen and test piece.
indicated below: NOTE — The platens should be replaceable to allow
re-machining and should not be matted.
IS No. Title
5.2 Vernier Caliper — Vernier caliper with an
1528 (Part 7) : Methods of sampling and physical accuracy of 0.1 mm shall be used.
2009 tests for refractory materials: Part 7
Methods of sampling and criteria for 5.3 Set Square
conformity (first revision)
5.4 Drying Oven — Capable of being controlled at
4041 : 2006 Glossary of terms relating to
110 ± 5°C. Oven shall be fan assisted and shall have
refractory material (first revision)
openings which permit efficient ventilation.
3 TERMINOLOGY
6 TEST SPECIMENS
For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given 6.1 A single test piece shall be taken from a standard
in IS 4041 shall apply. brick test item, or a test item equal to or less than
4 PRINCIPLE 2 000 cm 3 or two test pieces from shapes of a
significantly larger volume.
A test piece of known dimensions is subjected, under NOTE — The number of test items should be in accordance
specified conditions, to a steadily increasing with an agreed sampling plan. A minimum of five test piece is
compressive load until it fails, that is when it cannot recommended.
support a further increase in load. The cold compressive
6.2 The size of test pieces shall be one of the following:
strength is calculated from the maximum load indicated
at failure and the mean cross-sectional area over which a) Cubes; depending on the thickness of the
the load is applied. brick.
b) Cylinders; 50 ± 2 mm in height and
5 APPARATUS 50 ± 2 mm in diameter.
5.1 A mechanical or hydraulic compression testing c) Standard brick (for example 230 mm ×
machine, fitted with a measuring device capable of 114 mm × 76 mm or 230 mm × 114 mm × 64
measuring the load exerted on the test piece to within mm) . In case of non availability of suitable
± 2 percent. machine half bricks can also be used.

1
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IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012

d) For checker or similar shaped bricks the size 6.5 The parallelism of the test pieces shall be checked
of sample shall be agreed between the by four measurements of the height, at the extremities
purchaser and the supplier. of two perpendicular diameters. The difference between
NOTE — In case test piece size has not been specified, the any two of these measurements shall not exceed 0.2
sample size shall be in the order of (a) to (c) be selected. mm.
6.3 Test pieces shall be cut or drilled from the test items. 6.6 The perpendicularity shall be checked by placing
Test pieces containing cracks or visible defects on any the test piece on a plane surface and using a set square,
of the surfaces shall be discarded and this shall be placed against the side of the test piece, at four positions
reported. corresponding to the height measurements. The gap
6.4 Both ends of the cylindrical test piece shall be made between the side of the test piece and the set square
plane and parallel, grinding the surfaces where required. shall not exceed 0.5 mm.
To ensure that the top and bottom ends of the test pieces 6.7 The prepared test pieces shall be carefully dried
are plane over their entire surface, each end shall in to constant mass by placing them in a drying oven at
turn be pressed, with a load of 3 ± 1kN, onto a levelling 110 ± 5°C. They are then cooled to room temperature
plate which is lined with carbon or blue paper and hard and kept away from moisture until the start of the
filter paper (0.15 mm in thickness). Test pieces that do test.
not show two complete clearly visible coloured
impressions shall be reground. See Fig. 1 to 4 for 7 PROCEDURE
examples.
7.1 Measurement of Cylinders
NOTE — A steel straight-edge may be used to assist in checking
the surfaces. Mortar will not be used to plane the surfaces. Measure two perpendicular diameters of each surface

1A Coarse Grained Brick Type 1B Fine Grained Brick Type

F IG. 1 CARBON OR B LUE PAPER REPLICA: G OOD

2A Coarse Grained Brick Type 2B Fine Grained Brick Type

FIG. 2 CARBON OR BLUE PAPER REPLICA: S TILL A DMISSIBLE

2
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IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012

3A Coarse Grained Brick Type 3B Fine Grained Brick Type

F IG. 3 CARBON OR B LUE PAPER REPLICA: NOT A DMISSIBLE

FIG. 4 CARBON OR BLUE PAPER REPLICA: NOT ADMISSIBLE BECAUSE GROOVES ARE
VISIBLE AFTER SAWING OR GRINDING

to within 0.1 mm. From the arithmetic mean of these 8 CALCULATION AND REPORT
four measurements, calculate the initial cross- sectional
8.1 The cold crushing strength shall be reported as
area A0.
calculated from the following formula:
7.2 Measurement of Cubes
W
Two measurements of each side to within 0.1mm. From Cold crushing strength =
A0
the arithmetic mean of these measurements, calculate
the initial cross-sectional area A0. where
Place the test piece centrally between the platens of W = total maximum load, in N; and
the machine with or without cellulose fibre board of
A0 = mean area, in mm2.
thickness between 3 mm and 7 mm as per Fig. 5.
8.2 The size of the test specimen and the direction of
Select the load range so that the expected load at failure
the load applied should be mentioned in the test report.
is greater than 10 percent of the load range.
Apply the load smoothly and continuously, increasing 9 SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR
the stress at the rate of 1.0 ± 0.1 N/mm. Until the test CONFORMITY
piece fails, that is until it is unable to support the load. The procedure for sampling and the criteria for
Record the maximum load indicated. conformity shall be as laid down in IS 1528 (Part 7).

3
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IS 1528 (Part 4) : 2012

Key
1 — Platen of testing machine 2 — Spherical seat
3 — Spherical bearing block 4 — Cellulose fibre board (optional)
5 — Centre of spherical surface 6 — Test specimen

FIG. 5 C OMPRESSION TESTING MACHINE

4
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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
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Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: MTD 15 (4845).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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