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58-STP+Configuration

The document outlines the configuration and operation of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on Cisco switches, including commands for setting STP modes, timers, and port priorities. It details the roles of the root bridge, root ports, and designated ports in maintaining a loop-free network topology. Additionally, it explains the significance of STP timers such as hello time, forward delay, and maximum age in the functioning of STP.

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2 views

58-STP+Configuration

The document outlines the configuration and operation of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) on Cisco switches, including commands for setting STP modes, timers, and port priorities. It details the roles of the root bridge, root ports, and designated ports in maintaining a loop-free network topology. Additionally, it explains the significance of STP timers such as hello time, forward delay, and maximum age in the functioning of STP.

Uploaded by

ep230842
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STP Configuration:

Spanning Tree Configuration


SW1(config)# spanning-tree mode pvst
SW1(config)# spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst
SW1(config)# spanning-tree vlan 1 root primary
SW1(config)# spanning-tree vlan 1 root secondary
SW1(config)# spanning-tree vlan 1 priority <0-61440>
SW1(config-if) #spanning-tree cost 10
SW1(config-if) #spanning-tree vlan 1 cost 10
SW1(config-if) #spanning-tree vlan 1 port-priority 64
SW1(config)# spanning-tree pathcost method long
SW1# show spanning-tree vlan 1
SW1# show spanning-tree summary
SW1# Show spanning-tree vlan 1 detail

1 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


Spanning Tree Timers:
STP timers are hello timer, forward delay timer and max age timer.
Hello Time:
o Hello Time, defines interval Root Bridge send out configuration BPDUs.
o The Default Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) hello timer is 2 seconds.
o STP hello timer can be adjust to any value between 1 and 10 seconds.
Forward Delay:
o Forward delay timer is time interval spent in listening & learning state.
o The Forward Delay is the length of the Listening and the Learning states.
o Default Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) forward delay timer is 15 seconds.
o STP forward delay timer can be adjust to any value between 4 & 30 seconds.
Maximum Age:
o The Spanning Tree Maximum Age timer often referenced as MaxAge.
o The time interval that a Cisco Switch stores a BPDU before discarding it.
o Length of time each Switch save superior BPDU’s info before discarding it.
o Each port of Cisco Switch keeps a copy of the best BPDU it has learned.
o If the port no longer receives the BPDUs after the Max Age time has elapsed.
o Switch assumes that topology change must have occurred & BPDU is aged out.
o By default, Spanning Tree Protocol Maximum Age timer is set to 20 seconds.
o The STP max age timer can be tune to any value between 6 and 40 seconds.

Commands Description
SW1# show spanning-tree vlan 1 Display STP details
SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 hello-time 5 Changing STP Hello time
SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 forward-time 20 Changing STP Forward Delay time
SW1(config)#spanning-tree vlan 1 max-age 40 Changing STP Maximum Age time

Message Age:
Unlike the three Spanning Tree Protocol timers, Message Age is not a fixed value.
This field contains time that has passed since root switch initially originated BPDU.
Root switch sends all its BPDUs with Message Age of 0 & all subsequent switches add 1.
Effectively, the Message Age tells the switch how far the switch is from the root switch.
Remaining lifetime of a BPDU after being received by a switch is MaxAge-MessageAge.

2 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717


STP Operation:
o All the Cisco Switches of the Spanning Tree domain first elect a Root Bridge.
o The root bridge acts as a point of reference for all other switches in the network.
o All ports of the root bridge or root Switch remain in the forwarding mode.
o Once the root bridge is elected, all remaining switches select a single port.
o That has the shortest path cost to reach the root bridge and marked it as root port.
o After selecting root port, switches determine single designated port for each connection.
o If multiple ports or interfaces are connected with the same switch or LAN segment.
o Switch select only one port that has lowest path cost & marks it as the designated port.
o Once the root port & designated ports are selected, the Switch blocks all remaining ports.
o The Switches block all other ports to remove any possible or existing loop from network.

Root Ports Selection:


o First of all, the interface that associated to lowest path cost is more preferred.
o Interface associated to lowest system priority of advertising switch is preferred next.
o Port associated to lowest system MAC address of advertising switch is preferred next.
o When multiple links are associated to same switch, lowest port priority is preferred.
o When multiple links are associated to same switch, lower port number is preferred

3 | P a g e Created by Ahmad Ali E-Mail: [email protected] , Mobile: 056 430 3717

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