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21-Ethernet+Shared+Media+and+Point

The document explains the differences between Ethernet shared media and point-to-point configurations, highlighting how shared media uses hubs and CSMA/CD, while point-to-point links via switches allow simultaneous data transmission. It discusses collision domains, noting that hubs create a single collision domain leading to potential packet collisions, whereas switches separate collision domains, enabling full-duplex communication. Additionally, it defines half-duplex and full-duplex modes, emphasizing that full-duplex allows simultaneous sending and receiving of data without collisions.

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27 views2 pages

21-Ethernet+Shared+Media+and+Point

The document explains the differences between Ethernet shared media and point-to-point configurations, highlighting how shared media uses hubs and CSMA/CD, while point-to-point links via switches allow simultaneous data transmission. It discusses collision domains, noting that hubs create a single collision domain leading to potential packet collisions, whereas switches separate collision domains, enabling full-duplex communication. Additionally, it defines half-duplex and full-duplex modes, emphasizing that full-duplex allows simultaneous sending and receiving of data without collisions.

Uploaded by

ep230842
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ethernet Shared Media and Point-to-Point:

First, the term Ethernet shared media refers to designs that use hubs, require CSMA/CD, and
therefore share the bandwidth. The idea behind the term comes from the fact that the devices
connected to the hub share the network because they must use CSMA/CD, and CSMA/CD
enforces rules that allow only one device to successfully send a frame at any point in time. By
contrast, the term Ethernet point-to-point in that same exam topic emphasizes the fact that in
a network built with switches, each (point-to-point) link works independently of the others.
Because of the full-duplex logic discussed in this section, a frame can be sent on every point-to-
point link in an Ethernet at the same time.

Shared Media:
A "Shared Media" is a type of connecting media which is used to connect different network
devices, where every device shares the same media. In a "Shared Media" there are no separate
channels for sending and receiving the data signals, but only one channel to send and receive
the data signals. We call the media as shared media when the devices are connected together
using Bus topology, or by using an Ethernet Hub. Both are half-duplex, means that the devices
can Send OR Receive data signals at same time. Sending and receiving data signals at same time
is not supported.

Collision Domain:
The collision domain defines the set of devices on which their frames could collide. It is a
network segment connected by a shared medium where real-time data transmissions collide.
A collision happens when two separate devices simultaneously send a packet on the commonly
shared network segment. The packets collide, and both devices require sending the packets
again. That helps you to reduce network efficiency. Collisions are often in a hub environment,
because each port on a hub is in the same collision domain. By contrast, each port on a bridge,
a switch or a router is in a separate collision domain. Collisions are often in a hub environment,
because each port on a hub is in the same collision domain. By contrast, each port on a bridge,
a switch or a router is in a separate collision domain.
Every port on a switch is in a different collision domain, i.e. a switch is a collision domain
separator. So messages that come from devices connected to different ports never experience
a collision. This helps us during designing networks. When we use a switch, we can
transmit/receive at the same time (full duplex) so each interface on the switch is considered a
separate collision domain. When you use a switch, all interfaces can transmit/receive at the
same time so we use full duplex. Since we can’t get collisions, CSMA/CD is disabled on these
interfaces.

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Half-Duplex:
a port can send data only when it is not receiving data. In other words, it cannot send and
receive data at the same time. Network hubs run in half-duplex mode in order to prevent
collisions. Half-duplex allows communication in both directions but not at the same time.
Signals travel in both directions over a medium but in one direction only at a time. Since signals
travel in only one direction, a device can either send or receive data at a given time. A network
card set to Half-duplex cannot receive data when it is sending data. To receive data, it needs to
change the direction of data flow. To change direction, a special signal is used and
acknowledged.

Full-Duplex:
all nodes can send and receive on their port at the same time. There are no collisions in full-
duplex mode, but the host NIC and the switch port must support the full-duplex mode. Full-
duplex Ethernet uses two pairs of wires at the same time instead of a single wire pair like half-
duplex. In Full duplex mode, the communication is bi-directional, i.e., the data flow in both the
directions. The sender and receiver can send and receive the data simultaneously. The Full-
duplex mode is the fastest mode of communication between the devices when compared to
other modes of channels. The advantage of Full-duplex mode is that both the stations can send
and receive the data at the same time.

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