ST.

VINCENT’S COLLEGE INCORPORATED

College of Criminal Justice Education

LEA 400 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS AND PLANING WITH

CRIME MAPPING
Police operations
are defined as the job duties, responsibilities, and activities that law enforcement agents complete in
the field ( Police Operation; Theory And Practice, 2017).

I. Police Operations
Categories of Police Operations
Police operations are categorized as follows:

1. Public Safety Operation – includes Search, Rescue and Retrieval Operations, Fire Drills,
Earthquake Drills and similar operations that promote public safety.

2. Law Enforcement Operation – includes Service of Warrant of Arrest, Implementation of Search

Warrant, Enforcement of Visitorial Powers of the Chief, Philippine National Police and Unit
Commanders, Anti-Illegal Drugs Operation, Anti-Illegal Gambling Operations, Anti-Illegal Logging
Operations, Anti-Illegal Fishing Operations. Anti Carnapping Operations, Anti-Kidnapping
Operations, Anti Cyber Crime Operations and similar operations that are Conducted to enforce laws,
statutes, executive orders and ordinances.

3. Internal Security Operation includes Counter – Insurgency Operations, Counter Terrorist

Operations and similar operations that are conducted to ensure internal security.

4. Special Police Operation – incudes Checkpoint Operation, Roadblock Operation, Civil Disturbance
Management Operation, Police Assistance in the Enforcement of Demolition Eviction Injunction and
Similar Orders, Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final Court Order and Order from Quasi-
Judicial Bodies, Hostage Situation, Visit Board Search and Seizure Onboard Marine Vessels and
similar police operations that are conducted by police units with specialized training on the
peculiarity of the mission or purpose.

5. Intelligence Operation – includes Surveillance Operation, Counter Intelligence, Intelligence

Research, Intelligence safety and order. Assessment and similar police intelligence operation
conducted to gather information related to security, public safety and order.

6. Investigation Operation – includes investigative work necessary facts and Incident, Administrative
Investigation and similar circumstances for filing cases criminally Investigation of to determine or
administratively.

7. Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) – includes the processing of crime scene, technical and
forensic examination of evidences and similar scientific investigative assistance.

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
Pre-Operational Clearance
No police operation shall be conducted without the approval of the Chief/Commander/Head of the
concerned Police Unit/Office. A pre-operational clearance shall be filed by the Team Leader of the operating
team/s prior to the conduct of the operation and shall be approved by the concerned Police Unit Commander.
This clearance shall be submitted to the operations section/division of the concerned police unit for record
purposes.

Inter-Unit Coordination
1. Personal Coordination or by Official Representative
Team Leader/s (TL) of local police units operating outside their territorial jurisdiction and
National Support Units (NSUS) shall coordinate, personally or through an official representative,
with the Police Regional, Provincial or City police Office within whose jurisdiction the operation is
to be conducted.

2. Coordination by Filing Coordination Form

Prior to the launching of the operation, except in cases where the formal (in writing) inter-
unit coordination cannot be made due to the nature and/or urgency of the situation such as, but not

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 limited to, cross-jurisdictional pursuit operations, coordination should be made formally using the
prescribed Coordination Form, which shall be filed with the concerned operation center of the Police
Regional, Provincial or City Office (Annex "A"- Coordination Form).

3. Coordination by Practical/Available Means of Communication

In cases where formal inter-unit coordination is not feasible, the Police Unit concerned shall
endeavor territorial police office through any practical/available means of communication at any
time during the operation and if not possible, shall accomplish and furnish the territorial Police
Office a written incident report immediately after the termination of the operation.

Requirements of Police Operations

1. Basic Requirements
Police operations like arrest, search and seizure, checkpoint roadblocks, demolition and civil
disturbance management shall be conducted as follows:
a. With a marked police vehicle;
b. Led by a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO); and
c. With personnel in prescribed police uniform or attire.

2. Use of Megaphones and Similar Instruments

During actual police intervention operations, the Team Leader shall use peaceful means including the
use of megaphones or any other similar instruments to warn or influence the offender/s or suspect/s
to stop and/or peacefully give up.

3. Warning Shots Prohibited

The police shall not use warning shots during police intervention operations.

Use of Force During Police Operation

1. Use of Excessive Force Prohibited
The excessive use of force during police operation is prohibited. However, in the lawful
performance of duty, a police officer may use necessary force to accomplish his mandated tasks of
enforcing the law and maintaining peace and order.

2. Issuance of Verbal Warning

The police officer must first issue a verbal warning before he could use force against an
offender. As far as practicable, the verbal warning shall be in the dialect that is known to the offender
or in the national language. Basically, the verbal warning shall consist of the following: the police
officer identifying himself; his intention; and what he wants the offender to do. If the offender is a
foreigner, the verbal warning shall be done in the English language followed by a demonstrative act
of the police officer's intent. The verbal warning shall be done in a loud and clear manner.

3. Non-Issuance of Verbal Warning When Excusable

The failure to issue a verbal warning is excusable in cases where threat to life or property is
already imminent, and there is no other option but to use force to subdue the offender.

4. Use of Non-Lethal Weapon

When suspect is violent or threatening, and that less physical measures have been tried and
deemed inappropriate, a more extreme, but non-deadly measure can be used such as
baton/truncheon, pepper spray, stun gun and other nonlethal weapon to bring the suspect under
control, or effect an arrest.

5. Application of Necessary and Reasonable Force

During confrontation with an armed offender, only such necessary and reasonable force
should be applied as would be sufficient to overcome the resistance put up by the offender; subdue
the clear and imminent danger posed by him; or to justify the force/act under the principles of self
defense, defense of relative, or defense of strange.

6. Factors to Consider in the Reasonableness of the Force Employed

A police officer, however, is not required to afford offender/s attacking him the opportunity
for a fair or equal struggle. The reasonableness of the force employed will depend upon the number
of aggressors, nature and characteristic of the weapon used, physical condition, size and other
circumstances to include the place and occasion of the assault. The police officer is given the sound
discretion to consider these factors in employing reasonable force.

7. Responsibility of the Police Officer in Charge of the Operation

The police officer who is in charge of the operation shall, at all times, exercise control over
all police personnel in the area of operation, and shall exhaust all possible means to apply the
necessary and reasonable force to protect lives and properties during armed confrontation.

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Use of Firearm During Police Operations
1. Use of Firearm When Justified
The use of firearm is justified if the offender poses imminent danger of causing death or injury to the
police officer or other persons. The use of firearm is also justified under the doctrines of self-defense,
defense of a relative, and defense of a stranger. However, one who resorts to self- defense must face
a real threat on his life, and the peril sought to be avoided must be actual, imminent and real.
Unlawful aggression should be present for self-defense to be considered as a justifying circumstance.

2. Firing at Moving Vehicles Prohibited but with Exceptions

A moving vehicle shall not be fired upon except when its occupants pose imminent danger of
causing death or injury to the police officer or any other person, and that the use of firearm does not
create a danger to the public and outweigh the likely benefits of its non-use.

3. Parameters to be Considered in Firing at Moving Vehicles

In firing at a moving vehicle, the following parameter should be considered:
a. The intent of the suspect/s to harm the police officer or other persons;
b. The capability of the suspect/s to harm with certainty the police officer or other persons; and
c. Accessibility or the proximity of the suspect/s from the police officer and other persons.

4. Filing of an Incident Report after the Use of Firearm

A police officer who fires his service firearm or weapon during a confrontation with an offender or
offenders must submit an incident report outlining the circumstances necessitating the use of his
firearm.

5. Procedures After an Armed Confrontation

Immediately after an armed confrontation. The officer who is in charge of the operation shall:
a. Secure the site of confrontation;
b. Take photographs;
c. Check whether the situation still poses imminent danger;
d. Evacuate the wounded to the nearest hospital;
e. Ensure that all persons who died on the spot are not moved from their original position;
f. Arrested suspects should be kept in isolation;
g. Conduct debriefing on all involved PNP operatives;
h. Submit After-Operations Report; and
i. Ensure psychological stress counselling for all involved PNP operatives.

PATROL PROCEDURES

Patrol Guidelines
1. Observe precautionary measures and personal safety while on patrol;
2. Observe defensive driving and follow traffic rules and regulations;
3. Select routes which provide best visibility;
4. Patrol members must be always on the look-out for indications of vices and other illegal activities on
their beat:
5. Patrol members must be knowledgeable of all conditions, events and details of places on their beat;
6. Be observant of people, places, situations or conditions and develop a suspicious attitude especially
if the subject appears to be slightly out of the ordinary:
7. Keep under close observation actions of juveniles, trouble makers/agitators and the mentally
ill/retarded persons;
8. Be familiar, as much as possible, with known criminals/ex-convicts residing in or frequenting the
patrol beat;
9. Be familiar with stay-in employees of business establishments on your beat;
10. Be on the alert for loiterers;
11. Keep watch on uninhabited homes;
12. Observe the practice of “shaking doors” of unguarded business establishments during night patrol.
Check for signs of intrusion;
13. Establish good rapport with the people on your beat;
14. Develop contacts by getting to know as many people as possible who can give factual information
about crime conditions on the patrol beat;
15. Use tact and persuasiveness when conducting spot inquiry or questioning individuals for
information;
16. When requiring identification from a suspicious person or any individual, avoid taking the wallet or
bag in which the cards/documents are placed. Let the individual remove and hand them to you;

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 17. When checking suspicious persons, places, buildings/establishments and vehicles especially during
night time, be prepared to use your service firearm. Flashlight should be held tightly away from the
body to avoid making you a possible target; and
18. Patrol members should avoid loitering in theaters, restaurants and other recreational places.

Duties of Patrol Supervisors

1. In any operation, careful planning is a must in order to avoid waste of time, effort and resources.
Make a patrol plan with the following details:
a. Area Coverage: safe haven, ambush areas and crime- prone areas;
b. Organizational Detail of Personnel;
c. Duration;
d. Stand-by points; and
e. Route plan.
2. Designate and select the members of the patrol team/s;
3. Inspect the members of the patrol for completeness of uniforms, operational readiness and all
government-issued equipment (firearms, mobile car, radio, etc.) to ensure that these are well-
maintained and properly used by the Patrol Officer;
4. Conduct briefing prior to dispatch by disseminating any orders, directives or instructions from the
Chief of Police or higher authorities and new policy or guidelines being implemented by the PNP
Organization;
5. Remind the patrol team about the strict observance of the PNP Operational Procedures;
6. Strictly observe “Buddy System” during the patrol operations;
7. Render hourly report of location and situation through radio/ telephone/cell phone to Police
Community Precinct (PCP)/Station Headquarters Tactical Operation Center (TOC);
8. Render after-patrol report duly signed by detailed personnel. PCP Commanders shall collate and
submit significant details to the Station Patrol Supervisor, who in turn, will submit the same to the
Provincial/District Patrol Supervisor; and
9. Conduct debriefing after the patrol to assess its conduct and make necessary corrective measures on
defects noted.

Duties of Patrol Officer

1. Attend the Roll Call Formation before his Tour of Duty for briefing and likewise attend the after
Tour of Duty formation for debriefing;
2. Patrol the assigned beats, observe and check suspicious people, structures/buildings, compounds and
vehicles;
3. Observe and monitor public gatherings, prevent disorders and disperse unlawful assemblies;
4. Inspect and/or conduct surveillance in various business establishments and other installations and
remove hazards to public safety;
5. Check suspicious vehicles (private, public, or commercial/ delivery vehicles) along the main roads/
highways in the course of their patrol;
6. Report occurrences and conditions which relate to crime, public peace, order and safety;
7. Prevent crimes and arrest sighted law violators, assuring the public that peace is preserved;
8. Conduct regular visitations, dialogues/consultations with the residents and other stakeholders;
9. Assist personnel of responsible agencies/unit in facilitating the flow of traffic at busy
intersections/roads within his Area of Responsibility (AOR), assist and provide pedestrian
information such as directions and street locations;
10. Enforce city/municipal ordinances on liquor establishments and night clubs, cabarets and all houses
of ill-repute;
11. Respond to calls, entertain complaints, initiate the investigation and protection of the scene and
minimize the after-effects of accidents, fires and other catastrophes;
12. Patrol Officers shall wear the prescribed patrol uniform; and
13. Patrol Officers must have the equipment necessary in the performance of their duty.

Guidelines and Procedures when Responding to Calls for Police Assistance

1. Gather and note down in the patrol officer’s Logbook all available data as to the nature of the calls,
date, time and name of the caller. It may be regular, urgent or emergency in nature.
2. The manner of approach will be dependent on the nature of the call, either with haste/secrecy or
with/without flashing lights and sirens.
3. Consider the pertinent factors like the time, traffic conditions, the possibility of greater damage and
the neighborhood characteristics.
4. Stop the patrol car some distance from the scene. Approach the scene on foot, in complete silence
and exercising extreme caution.
5. Immediately attend to the injured, unless the other members of the patrol are in immediate danger.
6. Focus all efforts to arrest criminals; however, priority shall be given to aiding the injured.
7. Determine the crime committed, identify and question briefly the victim/complainant and possible
witnesses at the scene.

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 8. If the suspects or criminals have fled the scene before the arrival of the patrol team, immediately
relay the composition, armament, appearance, and mode and direction of escape of the suspects to
the Operations Center for the conduct of dragnet operations.
9. When responding to street fights/brawls, the patrol member should call for back-up before
intervening. If there are no injuries and insufficient corroborative statements obtained to identify
who started the fight, disperse the crowd and make complete notes.
10. Never treat calls or complaints of loud noises caused by non barking dogs, drunks, appliances and
parties as negligible or a nuisance. They only need courteous and tactful intervention and not
enforcement actions.
11. When responding to calls for police assistance due to need a planted or found explosives, never
attempt to handle, move new or lift the object. Instead contact Operations Center and request for
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Team (EODT). On- lookers must be promptly led to a safe distance
away from
12. When responding to calls from owners of beer houses, bars or inns or any other similar
establishments during night time, request the owner to put the lights on first before entering the
establishments.
13. Do not attempt to arbitrate and resolve conflicts/differences between neighbors, landlords/tenants,
husband and wife.

SPOT CHECKS/ ACCOSTING AND PAT-DOWN SEARCHES

Grounds for Spot Check/Search

1. Spot Check/Accosting.
The police officer may stop an individual for the purpose of conducting a spot check/
accosting only when reasonable suspicion exists. Reasonable suspicion must be more than just a
hunch or feeling. In justifying the stop, the police officer must be able to point to specific facts that,
when taken together with rational inferences, reasonably warrant the stop. Such facts include, but are
not limited to, the following:
a. The appearance or demeanor of the individual suggests that he is part of a criminal
enterprise or is engaged in a criminal act;
b. The actions of the individual suggest that he is engaged in a criminal activity;
c. Questionable presence of the individual in the area;
d. The subject is carrying a suspicious object;
e. The suspect’s clothing bulges in a manner that suggests he is carrying a weapon;
f. The suspect has been found in the time and place proximate to an alleged crime;
g. The police officer has knowledge of the suspect’s prior criminal record or involvement in
criminal activity; and
h. The individual flees at the sight of a police officer.

2. Body Frisk/Pat-Down Search.

A police officer has the right to perform a pat-down search if the individual has been
legitimately stopped with reasonable suspicion and when the police officer has reason to believe that
the individual possesses weapon/s on his person and poses a threat to the police officer’s or another
person’s safety. Circumstances which may justify pat-down search:
a. The type of crime believed to be committed by the subject, particularly crimes of violence
where the threat of use or use of deadly weapon is involved:
b. Where the police officer handles several suspects;
c. The time of the day and the location where the pat-down search took place;
d. Prior knowledge by the police officer of the suspect’s use of force and/or propensity to
carry deadly weapons;
e. The appearance and demeanor of the suspect;
f. Visual indications suggesting that the suspect is carrying a firearm or other deadly weapon;
and
g. Whenever possible, pat-down searches should be performed by police officers of the same
gender.

Procedures and Guidelines

1. Spot Check/ Accosting
a. When approaching the individual, the police officer shall clearly identify himself as a police
officer. If not in uniform, the police officer must identify himself by announcing his identity
and displaying official identification card and/or badge.
b. Police officers shall be courteous at all times but maintain caution and remain vigilant for
suspicious movements like attempting to retrieve weapon, conceal or discard contraband, or
other similar actions.

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 c. Before approaching more than one individual, police officers should determine whether the
circumstances warrant a request for back-up and whether the spot check/accosting can and
should be delayed until such back-up arrives.
d. Police officers shall confine their questions as to the person’s identity, place of residence,
and other inquiries necessary to resolve the police officer’s suspicion. However, in no
instance shall a police officer hold a person longer than the period reasonably necessary to
Be able to make these limited inquiries and to resolve Suspicions.
e. Police officers are not required to inform the person of his rights under the law (i.e. Miranda
Warning, Anti-torture law, etc.) unless the person is placed under arrest.

2. Body Frisk/Pat-Down Search – When reasonable suspicion justifies a pat-down search, the search
should be performed with due caution, restraint, and sensitivity. Pat-down searches should be
conducted in the following manner:
a. Whenever possible, pat-down searches should be conducted by at least two (2) police
officers, one to perform the search while the other provides protective cover.
b. Because pat-down searches are cursory in nature, they should be performed with the
suspect in a standing position, or with hands placed against a stationary object, and feet
spread apart. However, should an officer visually observe a weapon, a more secure search
position may be used like the prone (lying face down) position.
c. In a pat-down search, officers are permitted only to feel the outer clothing of the suspect.
Police officers may not place their hands inside the pockets of the subject’s clothing unless
they feel an object that could probably be a weapon, such as a gun, knife, club, or the like.
d. If the suspect is carrying an object such as a handbag, suitcase, briefcase, sack, or other
similar items that may conceal a weapon, the police officer should not open the item but
instead put it in a place out of the suspect’s reach.
e. If the external patting of the suspect’s clothing fails to disclose evidence of a weapon, no
further search may be made. If a weapon is found and the possession of which amounts to a
violation of the law, the police officer shall arrest the suspect and conduct a complete search
of his person

Reporting after the Spot Check/ Accosting or Pat-Down

If after conducting a spot check/accosting or pat-down search, the police officer has no basis for
making an arrest, he should record the facts of such spot check/accosting or pat-down search and forward a
report to the appropriate authority. If the spot check/accosting or pat-down search gives a justification for a
valid warrantless arrest, then an arrest shall be made.

CHECKPOINTS

Authority to Establish Checkpoints

Checkpoint is a place where the police check vehicular/pedestrian traffic in order to enforce
circulation control measure and other laws, orders, and regulations. The establishment of checkpoints must
always be authorized by the Head of Office of the territorial PNP Unit and manned by uniformed PNP
personnel. Other units directly involved in an operation may establish mobile checkpoints in coordination
with the Unit Commander in the area.

Composition
In the conduct of checkpoint, the checkpoint team shall be composed of, but not limited to, the following:
1. Team Leader (TL) – shall lead and take responsibility in the conduct of checkpoint preferably an
officer with the rank of at least Police Lieutenant;
2. Spotter – PNP personnel who will point/profile suspected vehicle subject for checkpoint;
3. Spokesperson – TL or member who is in charge of communicating with the motorists subject for
checkpoint;
4. Investigation Sub-team – in charge of investigation and documentation of possible incidents in the
checkpoint to include issuance of Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) or Traffic Violation Report (TVR);
5. Search/Arresting Sub-Team – designated to conduct search, seizure and arrest, if necessary;
6. Security Sub-Team – tasked to provide security in the checkpoint area; and
7. Blocking/Pursuing Sub-Team – team tasked to block/pursue fleeing suspects/vehicle.

GUIDELINES IN THE CONDUCT OF CHECKPOINTS

1. Mobile checkpoints are authorized only when established in conjunction with ongoing police
operations. Only officially conjunction with ongoing pod on. If available, shall marked vehicles with
blinkers turned on, if available, shall be used in establishing mobile checkpoints.
2. Checkpoints are established to enforce circulation control measure, laws, orders and regulations, and
when there is a need to arrest a criminal or fugitive from justice.

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 3. The composition of the personnel manning the checkpoint shall be left to the sound discretion of the
Team Leader (TL), with the consideration of female PNP officer in the team especially when there is
an anticipated female suspect.
4. The minimum Police Checkpoint team should at least be composed of an 8-man complement, with
three verifiers. One spotter, one TL, one profiler, one rear security and one advance security.
5. The Team manning checkpoints must have immediate contact with the LGUs, Public Attorney’s
Office (PAO) or any member of the Philippine bar, and/or the media (for drug cases).
6. The Team should encourage the participation of, but Not limited to, the Local Government Units
(LGUS), Civil Society Groups, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOS), business organizations,
other civic groups, media and other stakeholders during the conduct of Police Checkpoint operations.
7. The participation of the civilians and the presence of the media in the conduct of checkpoint must be
confined only as observers to give police additional eyes and promote transparency of activities in
the area.
8. All civic groups or organizations to include the media, who inclined to participate in police
checkpoints, must be duly registered and accredited by the PNP for such purpose. The accreditation
of the civilian groups to join in the conduct of checkpoint shall be administered by the Police
Regional and Provincial Offices.
9. PNP personnel manning the checkpoint must have presentable appearance, wearing prescribed PNP
uniform. Likewise, the civilian members must also be in their organization's uniform with their
names conspicuously displayed for identification. In no case shall the civilian components be
allowed to bear firearms during the checkpoint.
10. In Metro Manila and other major cities, police officers manning the checkpoints should not wear
Field Service Uniforms (FSU) or black fatigues in lieu of the PNP General Office Attire unless the
conduct of checkpoint is a result of a Hot Pursuit Operation or a High Risk Checkpoint. The use of
mixed uniforms (GOA, FSU, black fatigue) in the conduct of checkpoint is strictly prohibited.
11. As much as possible, the area where the checkpoints shall be established must be properly lighted,
with a noticeable signage bearing the name of the PNP unit and the participating organization/s
visibly displayed in the checkpoint site, to prevent any apprehension from the public of the existence
of the same.
12. Due courtesy must be accorded to the motorists, traders and the commuters during the conduct of
checkpoint.
13. The spokesperson must greet the people subject for inspection, extend apology for the
inconvenience, appeal for understanding and state the reasons of the operation. Upon completion,
thank the person/s searched.
14. Except in the actual commission of crime during checkpoints or in a hot pursuit operation, the
conduct of inspection of vehicle during a routine checkpoint is limited to a visual search and
therefore must be done with due respect to innocent passers-by, commuters, or bystanders and be
conducted in a manner that is of least inconvenience to the public. Searches, seizures, and arrests
made during checkpoints shall be within the ambit of the law.
15. Violations/Infractions of the law discovered during the checkpoint operation shall be expeditiously
disposed of following legal procedures. Arrested persons must be apprised of their rights with
respect to the Miranda Doctrine.
16. The security of the PNP personnel, and most especially that of the civilians participating in the
checkpoint operation, must be given due consideration in the planning of the operation.
17. Only the security sub-team and blocking/pursuing sub team members are allowed to display high-
powered firearms should be positioned where they can best provide security to the Checkpoint team,
including themselves.
18. Checkpoint personnel must not limit their task to law enforcement and crime deterrence. They
should also be ready to provide police assistance in the vicinity e.g., giving directions to inquiring
motorists or passers-by.
19. The PNP operating units must provide their own logistical and financial requirements to avoid
soliciting support from the civilians for their personal or operational needs.
20. Police personnel assigned in the checkpoint shall not mulct, extort, or harass drivers, passengers, and
traders. Designated TL assigned at the checkpoint shall be responsible for the actuations and
behavior of his personnel and shall be accountable under the doctrine of Command Responsibility.
21. Voluntary offers of cash or in kind from the traders/motorists passing the checkpoint should be
absolutely refused because the offer might be misconstrued as a bribe.
22. The police and the civilian component must separately submit their After Checkpoint Operation
Report to their respective units or organization for proper evaluation of the efficacy of the operation.

PROCEDURE IN THE CONDUCT OF REGULAR POLICE CHECKPOINT

1. Unit Commanders should inform Higher Headquarters (HHQS) Tactical Operations Center (TOC)
and coordinate with adjacent units, such as MPS, CPS, NSUs, Public Safety Company Forces and
other friendly forces, personally or through an official representative, before commencing with the
checkpoint to avoid mis-encounter and any untoward incident;

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 2. The TL shall brief the PNP personnel, as well as the civilian components present, including the
media regarding the proper conduct of the checkpoint and their assigned tasks prior to their
deployment;
3. The TL shall initially account for the PNP personnel and check if they are in the prescribed uniform.
PNP personnel conducting the checkpoint shall display their nameplates at all times. If wearing a
jacket, the flap of the jacket bearing their names should also be displayed. Likewise, the equipment
will include, but not limited to, the following:
a. Marked Patrol vehicles;
b. Firearms with basic load of ammunition;
c. Handheld and vehicle base radios;
d. Flashlights;
e. Megaphone;
f. Video camera; and
g. Signage: Warning signs: (e.g., Slowdown Checkpoint Ahead, Checkpoint 20 Meters Ahead,
etc); and Information signs: (Name of the Unit and TL).
4. The Spotter of the team will be pre-positioned in a place where he can best point/profile suspected
vehicles prior to their approach to the checkpoint;
5. Search/Arresting Sub-Team shall flag down suspected vehicles and conduct search, seizure and
arrest, if necessary;
6. In the event of seized drugs, the team having initial custody and control of the drugs shall
immediately conduct physical inventory and photograph the same in the presence of the accused or
the person/s from whom such items confiscated and/or seized, or his/her representative or counsel, a
representative from the media and DOJ, any elected public official who shall be required to sign the
copy of the inventory and be given a copy thereof;
7. Arrested persons and seized items shall be turned over to the investigation sub-team for
documentation and proper disposition;
8. In the event that the checkpoint is ignored, and the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the
personnel manning the checkpoint, reasonable force to overcome the suspects’ aggression may be
employed;
9. Inform Higher Headquarters before terminating the Conduct of Checkpoint;
10. The TL shall conduct debriefing of personnel after termination of the Checkpoint; and
11. Unit Commander shall submit After-Activity Report to Higher Headquarters.

PROCEDURE IN THE CONDUCT OF ON-THE SPOT (HASTY) CHECKPOINTS

1. PNP personnel conducting mobile patrols on board patrol vehicles will initially man the checkpoint,
to be complemented by additional personnel upon arrival of reinforcement. A collapsible signage
with markings: “Stop, Police Checkpoint” if available, indicating also the name of the Concerned
police office/unit conducting the operations, will be used for the purpose;
2. In the case of PNP personnel conducting Internal Security Operation (ISO) or foot patrol, where a
vehicle and collapsible signage is not readily available, the checkpoint shall be manned initially by
said personnel;
3. The team shall immediately inform Higher Headquarters of the exact location of the hasty
Checkpoint to include personnel involved and available equipment;
4. In a hasty checkpoint, where there is a possibility of high- risk stop and high-risk arrest, and there is
an urgency for troop deployment and that public safety might be at risk, the participation of the
civilian component and the presence of the media in the checkpoint operation shall not be allowed;
5. The Unit Commander of the personnel manning the hasty checkpoint shall immediately send
additional personnel, equipment and signage to the area in order to convert the Hasty Checkpoint
into a Regular Checkpoint; and
6. As soon as the Hasty Checkpoint is converted into a Regular Checkpoint, TL shall follow the earlier
stated procedures.

GENERAL PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED WHEN CHECKPOINTS ARE IGNORED

When checkpoints are ignored, the following shall be observed:
1. In the event that checkpoints/roadblocks are ignored and the motorists/suspects bump the roadblock
in an attempt to elude arrest or avoid inspection, the TL shall immediately contact adjacent units to
inform them of the situation so that these units can conduct dragnet operation or police defensive
roadblock, while the members of the blocking/ pursuing team shall block or pursue the errant fleeing
motorist;
2. Warning shots shall not be allowed due to the confusion it may create for the driver and passengers
of the vehicle. Megaphones or police sirens shall be used instead during the pursuit. The plate
number of the vehicle shall be noted and given to other units in adjacent areas to prevent the
possibility that the vehicle may elude the pursuit operation; and
3. In the event that the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the personnel manning the checkpoint,
reasonable force to overcome the suspects’ aggression may be employed.

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PROCEDURE IN FLAGGING DOWN OR ACCOSTING VEHICLES WHILE IN MOBILE CAR
This rule is a general concept and will not apply in hot pursuit operations. The mobile car crew shall
undertake the following, when applicable:
1. Call Headquarters to provide information on the make or type and plate number of the motor vehicle
to be accosted and, if possible, identity of occupants;
2. State the reason(s) for the planned intervention of the suspected motor vehicle;
3. Give the mobile car’s location and its direction before making actual intervention;
4. Try to get alongside the suspects’ vehicle and check the occupants without alarming them of your
purpose. You can even overtake the vehicle and wait for it at an advantageous location before
stopping the suspects’ vehicle;
5. Determine whether the suspects are hostile or not;
6. Make known to the suspect that you are after them through the use of a siren or megaphone;
7. Instruct the driver to pull over or stop on the side of the road;
8. Park behind the suspect’s vehicle at an appropriate distance and cautiously approach the vehicle on
the driver’s side:
9. If the vehicle’s windows are heavily tinted and the occupants cannot be seen, instruct the driver to
open all windows to have a clear view of the interior of the vehicle;
10. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition, if this was not done when the vehicle stopped; in case of
motorcycle instruct the driver to remove the key and disembark;
11. The other members of the team must be on guard for any eventuality while the vehicle is being
approached;
12. Talk to the driver in a most courteous manner and inform him of the nature of his violation. Demand
to see the driver’s license, photocopies of the certificate of registration and the official receipt.
Examine these documents and counter-check the driver on the information reflected therein;
13. If it concerns traffic violations, immediately issue a Traffic Citation Ticket (TCT) or Traffic Violation
Report (TVR). Never indulge in prolonged, unnecessary conversation or argument with the driver or
any of the vehicle’s occupants;
14. In case of other violations that require the impounding of the vehicle, inform the driver regarding this
situation and instruct him to follow you, after issuing the TCT/TVR; and
15. Before moving out, inform Headquarters regarding the situation/status and disposition of the person
and motor vehicle accosted.

DEALING WITH HOSTILE SITUATION

The following are the procedures to be followed in dealing with hostile drivers:
1. Stopping Vehicles
a. Follow the procedure stated in numbers 1-3 in the earlier paragraph;
b. Immediately request for back-up;
c. Follow the suspect and always keep him within visual range;
d. Expect that the suspect will notice your action at any time. Be prepared for hot pursuit or
actual hostile confrontation;
e. If the back-up is already in the vicinity, inform Headquarters that you are proceeding to
accost the suspect;
f. Inform the suspects that you are after them through the use of siren or megaphone and
instruct the driver to pull over or stop on the side of the street;
g. Park at an appropriate distance behind the suspect’s vehicle;
h. While the vehicle is being approached, the other members of the crew and back-up must be
on guard for any eventuality. Overreactions or aggression on the part of the police should be
avoided;
i. If the vehicle’s windows are heavily tinted and the occupants cannot be seen, instruct the
driver to open all windows for a clear view of the vehicle’s interior;
j. Direct the driver and other occupants of the vehicle not to make unnecessary movements and
to show their hands outside the car;
k. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition and toss the key to the ground. Demand to see the
Driver’s License and photocopies of the vehicle’s certificate of registration and the official
receipt. Examine the documents and counter-check the driver on the information reflected
therein; and.
l. If there are other suspects aside from the driver, separate them from one another.

2. Fleeing Vehicles
a. In the event that the motor vehicle did not stop despite the warning given, inform
Headquarters or adjacent units so that dragnet operations or police defensive roadblocks can
be set-up;
b. Inform Headquarters of the make or type, plate number and color of the motor vehicle to be
accosted including the number of occupants and, if possible. Their identity;
c. State the reason(s) for flagging down the suspected motor vehicle;
d. Give mobile car’s location and its direction before making actual intervention;

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 e. When the vehicle of the suspect is cornered or stopped, instruct the driver and other
occupants in a clear and commanding voice to follow specifically what you will require of
them. Failure on their part to follow will be construed as a hostile act on their part. Execute
instructions on the use of reasonable force;
f. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition and toss the key to the ground, open the door and
step out of the vehicle, then instruct him to place his hands on top of the vehicle, or to move
towards you with his hands ups;
g. Instruct other occupants of the vehicle, if any, to come out one by one, and follow what the
driver has been instructed to do earlier;
h. Arrest, handcuff and search the suspects and bring them to Headquarters for proper
disposition; and
i. Before moving out, inform Headquarters about the situation, status and disposition of the
suspect’s and motor vehicle accosted.

HIGH-RISK STOP AND HIGH-RISK ARREST

1. Initial Stage
Upon receipt of information involving movement of armed person or persons, either singly
or in group, including unauthorized movement of government troops, or in immediate response to a
reported commission of crime perpetrated by armed persons, the PNP shall immediately:
a. Organize appropriate tactical security forces utilizing maximum firepower and armor assets.
b. Deploy the security forces to stopping zones in defensive position.
c. Seal off the area and establish strong roadblocks/ barricades.

2. Effecting a High Risk Stop

When effecting high-risk stop, the police officer shall:
a. Exert utmost effort to persuade the suspects to halt or stop their movement.
b. Start with the procedural conduct of reqular warrantless arrest where arrest is inevitable.
c. Ensure proper documentation of the process.
d. Respect the rights of all the persons involved.

3. During Violent Stage

The PNP shall strictly adhere to the PNP Operational Procedures (POP), particularly on the use of
force.

POLICE DEFENSIVE ROADBLOCK

Police Defensive Roadblock is a temporary installation or hastily built barricade set for halting
traffic to facilitate the apprehension/neutralization of an armed person/suspect onboard a motor vehicle.

a. Pre-Conditions in Establishing Police Defensive Roadblocks:

A police defensive roadblock may be established in any of the following conditions/situations:
1. The object vehicle/s must be the subject of a recent flash alarm;
2. The driver/occupants of the vehicle are presumed hostile and will not stop at the checkpoint;
3. The vehicle disregarded a police-established checkpoint when flagged down;
4. The identified vehicle and occupants must be the subject of a police case/combat operational
plan;
5. There is unauthorized troop movement; or (6) There must be validated information on any of
the following:
a. On-going hot pursuit/police chase;
b. Movement of suspected armed persons onboard a motor vehicle;
c. Report of suspected armed men who have just committed a crime;
d. Vehicle carrying escaped prisoner; or
e. Armed motorcycle riding criminals.

b. Procedures in Establishing Roadblock:

1. Before the Roadblock:
a. Organize appropriate/sufficient police tactical security forces, utilizing maximum firepower
and armor assets (if any), with the following team composition:
1. Team Leader (TL) – shall lead and take responsibility in the conduct of roadblock
preferably an officer with the rank of at least Police Lieutenant;
2. Forward observer/spotter – PNP personnel who will point/profile suspected vehicle
subject for roadblock;
3. Spokesperson – TL or member who is solely in charge of communicating with the
armed suspects onboard a motor vehicle subject for roadblock;
4. Sniper – to render the vehicle un-operational to avoid escape and provide firepower
Support to neutralize armed and hostile suspects during firefight;

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 5. Investigation Sub-team – in charge of investigation and documentation of the
roadblock;
6. Search/Arresting Sub-Team – designated to conduct search, seizure and arrest;
7. Security Sub-Team – tasked to provide security in the roadblock area and ensure
exclusion of other vehicles and civilians not subject of roadblock;
8. Blocking/Pursuing Sub-Team – tasked to block/ pursue fleeing suspects/vehicle;
9. Medical Sub-Team – tasked to provide immediate medical assistance if necessary;
10. Additional tactical personnel/team – may be employed depending on the size of the
hostiles; and
11. Videographer – tasked to take videos of the entire roadblock operation.

b. The Team Leader (TL) shall brief the elements/members of the Police Roadblock and
perform the following:
1. Inform the next higher Headquarters of the make or type and plate number of the
motor vehicle to be accosted, including the number and, if possible, identity of the
occupants;
2. State the reason(s) for the planned intervention of the suspected motor vehicle;
3. Give the exact location of the roadblock to include to personnel involved, available
equipment and marked vehicles;
4. Coordinate with the Chief of Police and friendly forces who has territorial jurisdiction
over the area; and
5. Immediately contact adjacent units to inform them of the situation so that these units
can conduct dragnet operation, while the members of the blocking/pursuing team shall
block or pursue the fleeing suspects/vehicle.

c. Participating personnel in the roadblock must be in their prescribed uniform; and

d. In a roadblock, since troop deployment is urgent and public safety is at risk, the
participation of civilian component and the presence of media in the roadblock shall not be
allowed.

2. During the Roadblock:

a. Establish forward observers/spotters and rear checkpoint;
b. Deploy security forces in a strategic and defensive position;
c. Establish a strong roadblock on selected strategic areas;
d. Deploy road spikes or tire deflation system if available;
e. Ensure that the whole intervention procedure is documented by the videographer;
f. As much as possible, the area where the roadblock shall be established must be properly
lighted with noticeable signage bearing the name of the PNP Unit visibly displayed and in a
safe distance from a populated area to prevent collateral damage if a firefight ensues;
g. Police car lights must be turned on at all times during the operation;
h. Identify yourself-rank, name, and unit verbally and make known to the suspect/s that you are
after them through the use of a siren or megaphone;
i. If the vehicle’s windows are heavily tinted and the occupants cannot be seen, instruct the
driver to open all windows to have a clear view of the interior of the vehicle;
j. Instruct the driver to turn off the ignition (if this not done when the vehicle stopped) and
order all the occupants to disembark, followed by their hands to be placed on top of the
vehicle;
k. The other members of the team must be on guard for any eventuality while the vehicle is
being approached;
l. Intervention procedures upon stop of subject vehicle:
1. Exert utmost effort to persuade the suspects to halt
2. Start with the procedural conduct of regular or stop their movement; warrantless arrest
where arrest is inevitable;
3. Ensure proper documentation of the process; and
4. Respect the rights of all the persons involved.
m. Procedures when suspects open fire/engage the troops:
1. In the event that the occupants of the vehicle open fire on the personnel manning the
roadblock, reasonable force to overcome the suspects’ aggression may be employed;
2. Use only necessary force to neutralize suspects;
3. Prevent panic firing;
4. Prevent collateral damage; and
5. Account for the casualties.

3. After the Roadblock:

a. When suspect/s surrendered or are arrested:
1. Arrested persons must be apprised of their rights in reference to the Miranda
Doctrine.

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 2. An After-Roadblock Operations Report must be submitted to their respective units or
organization for proper evaluation of the efficacy of the operation.

b. When suspects engage with troops:

1. Account for the casualties and give immediate medical assistance to the wounded;
2. Protect/preserve the crime scene/engagement area; and
3. Ensure proper documentation of the process.

c. Fleeing Vehicles:
1. In the event that the motor vehicle did not stop and it evaded the roadblock despite
the warning given, inform Headquarters or adjacent units so that another roadblock
can be set-up;
2. Fleeing vehicles shall not be fired upon except by a
3. Sniper but only to disable the vehicle:
4. Inform Headquarters of the make or type, plate number and color of the motor
vehicle to be accosted including the number of occupants and, if possible, their
identity;
5. State the reason(s) for flagging down the suspected motor vehicle;
6. Give mobile car’s location and its direction before making actual intervention; and
7. Establish Hot Pursuit Operation.

INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATIONS

General Mandate
The PNP is mandated to provide active support to the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in
Internal Security Operations (ISO) for the suppression of the Communist Terrorist Movement (CTM) and
other serious threats to national security. (E.O. 546)
The PNP in an Active Support Role

The PNP shall perform the following:

1. Conduct sustained law enforcement actions against CTM atrocities;
2. In urban areas, the PNP may assume the lead role in IS0 against the CTM, other threat groups and
organized crime groups engaged in armed offensives;
3. The PNP units may either operate as a single force or as a part of joint PNP-AFP combat operations.
In both cases, lateral coordination is a must;
4. The PNP units in CTM-affected areas may be placed under Operational Control (OPCON) of AFP
units but shall continue to perform law enforcement functions.
5. Specific areas where armed confrontations such an encounter, ambush, raid, liquidation and other
similar atrocities occur between government forces (PNP or AFP) and the Communist Terrorists
(CTS) shall be treated as a crime scene. The police unit that has jurisdiction Over the areas shall
conduct the Crime Scene Investigation (CSI).

Defensive Position
Police Stations, especially those located in far-flung areas, are priority targets of attacks. As such,
security measures against CT atrocities must be undertaken as follows:
1. Continuously remind all PNP personnel to be extra vigilant and security conscious in their day-to-
day activities and during troop movements.
2. Duty station guards shall memorize, internalize and put into practice the 11 General Orders of a Duty
Guard. (Annex “Z”) Likewise, they shall always carry their issued long to firearms and ammunition
rig/bandoliers with basic load.
3. Vigorously implement added security measures in all Police Stations and Police Community
Precincts.
4. Conduct sustained inspection of the operational readiness of PNP field units/stations.
5. Always keep in mind the modus operandi, strategies and tactics being practiced/employed by the
CTM and other threat groups.
6. Enhance the establishment of Advance Security Control Points (ASCPs) to control the ingress and
egress of people in Police Stations.
7. One of the strategies and tactics employed by CTM and other threats groups to gain access to police
stations is by wearing of PNP/AFP uniforms and that of other LEAs, hence, personnel assigned in
the advance security control points shall not allow entry of uniformed groups or any individuals
without prior coordination.
a. Exercise sustained vigilance and maintenance of law, order and public safety in respective
AOR through the intensified conduct of police visibility patrols.
b. Carry out Police Community Relation (PCR)/Barangay Peacekeeping Operations (BPO)
activities in areas that are prone to influence, infiltration and infestation of CTM fronts
organization.

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 ARREST
General Guidelines
1. All arrests should be made only on the basis of a valid Warrant of Arrest issued by a competent
authority, except in instances where the law allows warrantless arrest.
2. No violence or unnecessary force shall be used in making an arrest, and the person to be arrested
shall not be subjected to any greater restraint than what is necessary under the circumstances.
3. As a general rule, arrests can be made on any day of the week and at any time of the day or night.
4. Only judges are authorized to issue Warrants of Arrest.
5. A Warrant of Arrest is no longer needed if the accused is already under detention. An order of
Commitment is issued by the judge in lieu of the Warrant of Arrest.
6. The following are immune from arrest:
a. A Senator or Member of the House of the Representatives while Congress is in session for
an offense punishable by not more than six years of imprisonment; and
b. Diplomatic Agents, Under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.

Warrant of Arrest
The warrant of arrest is the written authority of the arresting officer when making an arrest or taking
of a person into custody in order that he may be bound to answer for the commission of an offense. The head
of the office to whom the warrant of arrest has been delivered for implementation shall cause the warrant to
Be implemented within ten (10) days from receipt. Within ten (10) days after the expiration of such period,
the police officer to whom it was assigned for implementation shall make a report to the judge who issued
the warrant and in case of his failure to implement the same, shall state the reasons thereof.

Arrests Without a Warrant

A peace officer or a private person may, without a warrant, arrest a person:
1. When, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is
attempting to commit an offense;
2. When an offense has just been committed and he has probable cause to believe, based on personal
knowledge of facts or circumstances, that the person to be arrested has committed it;
3. When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal establishment or place
where he is serving final judgment or temporarily confined while his case is pending, or has escaped
while being transferred from one confinement area to another;
4. Where the accused released on bail attempts to leave the country without court permission;
5. Violation of conditional pardon, punishable under Article 159 of the Revised Penal Code as a case of
evasion of service of sentence; and
6. Arrest following a Deportation Proceeding by the Immigration Commissioner against illegal and
undesirable aliens.

Authority of the Arresting Officer when Making an Arrest

1. Police officer may summon assistance A police officer making a lawful arrest may verbally summon
as many persons as he deems necessary to assist him in effecting the arrest.
2. Right of a police officer to break into building or enclosure
-A police officer in order to make an arrest, with or without Warrant, may break into a building or
enclosure where the person to be arrested is or is reasonably believed to be, If he is refused
admittance thereto after announcing his authority and purpose.
3. Right to break out from building or enclosure- Whenever a police officer has entered the building or
enclosure to make an arrest, he may break out there from, when necessary, to liberate himself.
4. Arrest after escape or rescue-If a person lawfully arrested escapes or is rescued, any person may
immediately pursue to retake him without a warrant at anytime and in any place within the
Philippines.

Procedures Serving of Warrant of Arrest

1. Verify the validity of the warrant and request for an authenticated copy from the issuing court;
2. In serving the warrant, the police officer should introduce himself and show proper identification;
3. Make a manifestation of authority against the person to be arrested;
4. If refused entry, the police officer may break into any residence, office, building, and other structure
where the person to be arrested is in or is reasonably believed to be in, after announcing his purpose;
5. The police officer need not have a copy of the warrant in his possession at the time of the arrest. If
the person arrested so requires, the warrant shall be shown to the arrested person as soon as possible;
6. Secure the person to be arrested and use handcuffs for the protection of the arresting officer, other
individuals or the arrested person himself;
7. Conduct thorough search for weapons and other illegal materials on the person arrested and
surroundings within his immediate control;
8. Inform the person to be arrested of his rights under the law (i.e. Miranda Warning and Anti-torture
Warning);

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 9. No unnecessary force shall be used in making an arrest;
10. Confiscated evidence shall be properly documented with the chain of custody of evidence duly and
clearly established;
11. Bring the arrested person to the Police Station for documentation;
12. Make a Return of Warrant to the court of origin (Annex "B" - Return of Warrant Form); and
13. Deliver the arrested person to jail/prison upon the issuance of a commitment order of the court.

Effecting Warrantless Arrest

1. Freeze or restrain the suspect/s;
2. Make proper introduction as to identity and authority to arrest;
3. Inform the arrested person of the circumstances of his arrest and recite the Miranda Warning and
Anti-Torture Warning to him;
4. Secure the person to be arrested and use handcuffs for the protection of the arresting officer, other
individuals or the arrested person himself;
5. Conduct thorough search for weapons and other illegal materials on the person arrested and
surroundings within his immediate control;
6. Confiscated evidence shall be properly documented with the chain of custody of evidence duly and
clearly established;
7. No unnecessary force shall be used in making an arrest; and
8. Bring the arrested person to the Police Station for further investigation and disposition.

Duties of the Arresting Officer

1. It shall be the duty of the police officer implementing the Warrant of Arrest to deliver the arrested
person without delay to the nearest Police Station or jail to record the fact of the arrest;
2. At the time of the arrest, it shall be the duty of the arresting officer to inform the person arrested of
the cause of the arrest and the fact that a warrant had been issued for his arrest. The arresting officer
need not have the warrant possession at the time of the arrest but after the arrest, if the person
arrested so requires, the warrant shall be shown to him as soon as possible;
3. When women or children are among the arrested suspect/s the arresting officer shall task the
Women’s and Children’s Protection Desks (WCPD) officer or a policewoman who familiar with
women and children protection desk duties to conduct the pat-down search;
4. In case of arrest without a warrant, it shall be the duty of the arresting officer to inform the person to
be arrested of his authority and the cause of the arrest except when he flees or forcibly resists before
the arresting officer has the opportunity to inform him or when the giving of such information will
imperil the arrest;
5. The person arrested, with or without warrant, shall be informed of his constitutional right to remain
silent and that any statement he makes could be used against him. Also, that he has the right to
communicate with his lawyer or his immediate family and the right to physical examination;
6. A person arrested without a warrant shall be immediately brought to the proper Police Station for
investigation without unnecessary delay. He shall be subjected to inquest proceedings within the time
prescribed in Article 125 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC);
7. No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall
be used against an arrested person. The bringing of arrested persons to secret detention places,
solitary confinement and the like is prohibited;
8. If the person arrested without a warrant waives his right under the provisions of Art 125 of the
Revised Penal Code, the arresting officer shall ensure that the former signs a waiver of detention in
the presence of his counsel of choice; and
9. If the person arrested waives his right against self incrimination and chooses to give his statement,
the arresting officer shall ensure that the waiver įs made in writing and signed by the person arrested
in the presence of a counsel of his own choice or a competent and independent counsel provided by
the government.

Physical Examination of Arrested Person/Suspect

Before interrogation, the person arrested shall have the right to be informed of his right to demand
physical examination by an independent and competent doctor of his own choice. If he cannot afford the
services of a doctor of his own choice, he shall be provided by the State with a competent and independent
doctor to conduct physical examination. If the person arrested is female, she shall be attended to preferably
by a female doctor.

SEARCH AND SEIZURE

Requisites for the Issuance of Search Warrant

A search warrant shall be issued only upon probable cause in connection with one specific offense to
be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the
witnesses presented. The search warrant shall particularly describe the place to be searched and the things to
be seized which may be anywhere in the Philippines.
a. The following properties may be the objects of a search warrant:

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 1. Properties which are the subject of the offense:
2. Stolen, embezzled proceeds, or fruits of the offense; and
3. Objects including weapons, equipment, and other items used or intended to be used as
the means of committing an offense.
b. Objects that are illegal per se, even if not particularly described in the search warrant, may
be seized under the plain view doctrine.

Validity of Search Warrant

1. The warrant shall be valid for ten (10) days from date of issuance and may be served at any day
within the said period. Thereafter, it shall be void.
2. If, in the implementation of the search warrant, its object or purpose cannot be accomplished in one
day, the search can be continued the following day, or days, until completed. provided it is still
within the ten (10)- day validity period of the search warrant.
3. If the object or purpose of the search warrant car accomplished within the ten (10)-day validity
period, the responsible police officer conducting the search must file before the issuing court, an
application for the extension of the validity period of said search warrant.

Time of Search
The warrant should be served during daytime, unless there is a provision in the warrant allowing
service at any time of the day or night.

Applications for Search Warrant

All applications for Search Warrant shall be approved for filing by the Chief of Office. The
application shall indicate the following data:
1. Office applying for the Search Warrant;
2. Name of officer-applicant;
3. Name of the subject, if known;
4. Address/place(s) to be searched;
5. Specific statement of things/articles to be seized; and
6. Sketch of the place to be searched.

All approved applications shall be recorded in a log book, duly maintained for the purpose,
indicating the name of the applicant, name of the respondent, nature of the offense, and date of the
application.

Authority of Police Officers when Conducting Search

In the conduct of search, if after giving notice of his purpose and authority, the police officer is
refused admittance to the place of search, he may break open any outer or inner door or window or any part
of a house or anything therein to implement the warrant or liberate himself or any person lawfully aiding him
when unlawfully detained therein.

Prohibited Acts in the Conduct of Search by Virtue of a Search Warrant

1. Houses, rooms, or other premises shall not be searched except in the presence of the lawful occupant
thereof or any member of his family or, in the absence of the latter, in the presence of two (2)
witnesses of sufficient age and discretion residing in the same locality.
2. Lawful personal properties, papers, and other valuables not specifically indicated or particularly
described in the search warrant shall not be taken.

Inventory and Delivery of Property Seized

1. The police officer who confiscates property under the warrant shall issue a detailed receipt of
property seized to the lawful occupant of the premises, or in the absence of such occupant, shall do
so in the presence of at least two (2) witnesses of sufficient age and discretion residing in the same
locality;
2. The receipt shall likewise include items seized under the Plain View Doctrine;
3. The police officer must then leave a receipt in the place in which he found the seized property and a
duplicate copy thereof with any barangay official having jurisdiction over the place searched; and
4. The police officer must forthwith deliver the property seized to the judge who issued the warrant,
together with an inventory thereof, duly verified under oath.

Valid Search and Seizures Without Search Warrant

a. Search made incidental to a valid arrest
A person lawfully arrested may be searched for dangerous weapons or anything which may be used
or which may constitute proof in the commission of an offense, without a search warrant. The
warrantless search and seizure as an incident to a lawful arrest may extend beyond the person of the
arrested to include the premises or surroundings under his immediate control.

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 b. Search of moving vehicles
If the police officers who will conduct the search have reasonable or probable cause to
believe, before the search, that either the motorist is a law offender or they will find the
instrumentality or evidence pertaining to a crime in the vehicle to be searched, the vehicle may be
stopped and subjected to an extensive search.

c. Seizure of evidence in plain view

Any object in the plain view is subject to seizure and may be introduced as evidence. Requirements
under the Plain View Doctrine are:
1. The police officer must have prior justification for an intrusion or, otherwise, must be in a
position from which he can view a particular area;
2. The discovery of the evidence in plain view is unintentional; or
3. It is immediately apparent to the police officer that the item he observes may be evidence of a
crime, contraband, or is a valid subject of seizure.

d. When there is waiver of the right or there is consented search

To constitute a waiver of this constitutional right, it must appear, first, that the right exists:
second, that the person involved had knowledge, either actual or constructive, of the existence such
right; that said person had an actual intention to relinquish the right.

e. Searches Under Stop and Frisk Rule

The police officer has the right to stop a citizen on the street, interrogate him, and pat him
for weapons whenever he observes unusual conduct which convinces him that a criminal activity
exists.

f. Emergency and Exigent Circumstances

A search warrant could be validly dispensed with in cases of exigent and emergency
situation, and the police officers have reasonable grounds to believe that a crime is being committed,
and they have no opportunity to apply for a search warrant from the courts because the latter were
closed.

g. Tipped Information
If the police officers have reasonable grounds to believe that the subjects are engaged in
illegal activities, the tipped information is sufficient to provide probable cause to effect a warrantless
search and seizure.

INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES

Investigation by the Territorial Police Unit after an Armed Confrontation Responsibility of the
Territorial Police Unit
The Police Unit that has territorial jurisdiction over the area where the armed confrontation occurred
shall secure the scene and immediately undertake the necessary investigation.

Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO) Team to Process the Crime Scene
The concerned Police Unit shall immediately request the Scene of the Crime Operation (SOCO)
Team to conduct crime scene processing.

Mandatory Examination of Firearm Seized/ Confiscated during Police Operation

1. All firearms, cartridges and slugs seized, captured or recovered during checkpoints or pursuit
operations or in any other police operations including those seized during the service of warrants
and, more importantly, those recovered from the crime scene shall immediately be submitted to the
local Crime Laboratory (CLO) which shall in turn process it for capturing and cross-matching
through the Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS);
2. The field investigator or investigator-on-case (IOC) shall submit the photo of the firearm and the
receipt issued by the local Crime Laboratory Office for the said firearm/ cartridges/slugs to the
prosecutor or the court;
3. Should the prosecutor eventually require the physical submission of the fi rearm, the investigator-on-
case shall manifest with the prosecutor or court that a subpoena be issued for the Crime Laboratory
which issued the receipt to present the said firearm; and
4. It is also imperative that the chain of custody be strictly observed and documented and therefore, as
much practicable, it shall be the investigator-on-case (IOC) who shall personally submit the
recovered firearms/shells/slugs to the local Crime Laboratory.

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Inquest Proceeding Necessary When the Suspect Dies
In cases of armed confrontation wherein the suspect dies, the Team Leader of the operating unit shall
submit the incident for inquest before the duty Inquest Prosecutor prior to the removal of the body from the
scene, except in areas where there are no Inquest Prosecutors. In which case, the territorial police unit can
proceed with the investigation.

Judicial Affidavit Rule

This Rule shall apply to all actions, proceedings, and incidents requiring the reception of evidence
before the court place of the direct testimonies of witnesses in order to reduce the time needed for completing
their testimonies.

Application of Rule to Criminal Actions

This rule shall apply to all criminal actions where the maximum imposable penalty does not exceed
six years.

Contents of Judicial Affidavit

A judicial affidavit shall be prepared in the language known to the witness and, if not in English or
Filipino, accompanied by a translation in English or Filipino, and shall contain the necessary
data/information.
1. The name, age, residence or business address, and occupation of the witness;
2. The name and address of the lawyer who conducts or supervises the examination of the witness and
the place where the examination is being held;
3. A statement that the witness is answering the questions asked of him, fully conscious that he does so
under oath, and that he may face criminal liability for false testimony or perjury;
4. Questions asked of the witness and his corresponding answers, consecutively numbered, that:
a. Show the circumstances under which the witness acquired the facts upon which he testifies;
b. Elicit from him those facts which are relevant to the issues that the case presents; and
c. Identify the attached documentary and object evidence and establish their authenticity in
accordance with the Rules of Court;
5. The signature of the witness over his printed name; and
6. A jurat or a proof that an oath was taken before administering officer or a notary public.
Sworn Attestation of the Lawyer
The judicial affidavit shall contain a sworn attestation at the end, executed by the lawyer who
conducted or supervised the examination of the witness, to the effect that:
1. He faithfully recorded or caused to be recorded the questions he asked and the corresponding
answers that the witness gave; and
2. Neither he nor any other person then present or assisting him coached the witness regarding the
latter's answers.

MAINTENANCE OF POLICE BLOTTER

Police Blotter
Each PNP operating unit shall maintain an official police blotter where all types of operational and
undercover dispatches shall be recorded containing the five "Ws" (who, what, where, when and why) and
one "H" (how) of an information.
A Police blotter is a logbook that contains the daily registry of all crime incident reports, official
summaries of arrest, and other significant events reported in a police station.

Police Blotter for Cases involving Women and Children

A separate Police Blotter, however, shall be maintained for crime incident Women and children and
those cases involving a child in conflict with the law to protect their privacy pursuant to Republic Act (RA)
9262 (Anti-Violence Against Women and Children Act of 2004) and RA 9344 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare
Act of 2006), respectively.

Crime Incident Reporting System (CIRS)

Each PNP operating unit shall also maintain and utilize an electronic modernizes the PNP Crime
Incident Reporting System (CIRS), reporting system that facilitates crime documentation, modernizes data
storage and provides quick and reliable transmission of crime information from lower units and NOSUs of
the PNP to the National Headquarters at Camp Crame, Quezon City.

Blotter Procedure
Before entry into the blotter book, the Duty Officer (DO) should first evaluate if the report is a crime
incident, arrest or event activity, which is for records purposes only. If the report is a crime incident, the DO
shall first accomplish the Incident Record Form (IRF) from which the entry in the blotter book and IRS Shall
be extracted. All other reports shall be recorded directly to the blotter book.

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 UNIT CRIME PERIODIC REPORT (UCPER)
Purpose
To promote consistency in the recording of crime incidence, the PNP adopts a uniform procedure in
reporting and collecting crime data including cases reported to other law enforcement agencies that are part
of the Criminal Justice System.

Execution and Procedures

The Chief of Police is primarily responsible for the maintenance of accurate crime data. Accuracy
and integrity of crime recording processes must be ensured by the Chief of Investigation Section and Crime
Registrar. The Chief of Police shall likewise ensure that crime data are gathered from all sources, such as:
Barangay, NBI, PDEA, BFAR, DENR, DSWD, BOC, BI and other agencies with enforcement functions in
the locality. Unit Commanders shall point a Crime Registrar who shall be responsible in consolidating and
maintaining crime data files of each unit to ensure consistency and continuity.
Recording
a. Incident Reports
All crime incidents whether reported by the victims, witnesses or third parties must be recorded in
the police blotter, even under the following circumstances.
1. When the offender is ill and is unlikely to recover or is too senile or too mentally
disturbed for proceedings to taken place;
2. When the complainant or an essential witness is dead and the proceedings cannot be
pursued;
3. When the victim or an essential witness refuse, or is permanently unable to stand as a
witness; and
4. The victim or complainant or witness is a minor.
b. Reporting Jurisdiction
The police unit with the territorial jurisdiction where the crime was committed shall have the
primary responsibility to record and report the same. If a continuing crime is committed in various
areas of responsibilities, it should be recorded and reported as single crime by the unit taking
cognizance of the crime.

Booking of Arrested Suspects

Booking of arrested suspects shall be undertaken to record and document the information
surrounding the arrest of the suspect.

Policies and Guidelines

The following policies and guidelines shall be adhered to by all PNP personnel involved in the
booking of arrested suspects:

a. General Policy
After arrest, a suspect is taken into police custody and “hooked” or “processed”. During booking,
the following procedure shall be performed by designated police officers.
1. Record the arrest made in the Police Blotter;
2. Conduct pat down or strip search of the suspect;
3. Submit the suspect for medical examination;
4. Take the criminal suspect's personal information (i.e. name, date of birth, physical
characteristics, etc.);
5. Record information about the suspect's alleged crime;
6. Perform a record search of the suspect's criminal background;
7. Fingerprint and photograph the suspect;
8. Take custody of any personal property carried by the suspect (i.e. keys, purse), to be returned
upon the suspect's release; and
9. Place the suspect in a police station lock-up/holding cell or local jail.

b. Specific Functions, Responsibilities and Procedures

The following are the functions, procedures and responsibilities of the different personnel
during the booking of arrested suspects:

1) Arresting Officer (AO):

1. Upon arrest, the Arresting Officer (AO) shall immediately bring the suspect/s to the
police station and present the suspect/s to the Desk Officer (DO);
2. The AO shall ask the Desk Officer to record in the police blotter the circumstances of
the arrest as well as the identity of the suspects and names of Arresting Officers (AO).
This procedure of assigning a blotter number to the arrest of the suspects signifies that

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 the police station has officially taken cognizance of the arrest. The A0 shall sign in the
blotter entry;
3. The AO and the DO shall thereafter conduct a more thorough pat-down search of the
suspects. Any deadly weapon or contraband found and confiscated shall also be
recorded in the blotter. When women or children are among those arrested, the DO shall
task the duty WCPD officer to Conduct the pat-down. A strip search may be conducted
as the situation demands but only with the authority of the Chief of Police (COP) or the
Officer on Duty. A strip search, if conducted, will be so indicated in the blotter;
4. After the pat-down, the AO shall request the DO to prepare PNP Booking Form-1
5. The AO shall receive the accomplished medical examination request form and then
shall be responsible for bringing/ escorting the suspect/s to the government hospital
referred to in the request for the examination of the suspect/s;
6. The AO shall receive the Medical Examination results from the government physician
and then he shall bring back the suspect/s to the police station and turn-over the
suspect/s and the results of the medical examination to the Duty Investigator (DI); and
7. The AO will obtain PNP Booking Form 2-"Arrest and Booking Sheet" and refer it to
the DI so that both of them will accomplish the form, diligently providing all the
information required in the form. The copy of the Arrest and Booking Form shall form
part of the Case folder and kept at the Investigation Section at the police station.

2) Desk Officer (DO):

1. Upon presentation by the AO of the arrested suspect/s to the DO, the Desk Officer (DO)
shall log and record the details of the arrest made and assign a blotter entry number to
the arrest. The entry shall include the name of the arresting officer and information as to
the identity of the suspects and shall contain the five (5) "W"s and one (1) "H" (Who,
What, Where, When, Why and How) of an information as well as the name of the
government hospital where the suspect/s will be referred for medical examination;
2. After recording in the police blotter, the DO together with the A0 shall conduct a
redundancy pat-down search of the suspect/s. This procedure is necessary to ensure that
the suspect/s do not carry any deadly weapons or contraband when they are referred to
a government hospital for medical examination. Any weapons or contraband or any
other items confiscated or taken in custody during the pat down search shall likewise be
recorded in the blotter. (If the suspect is Woman or child, the Desk Officer shall call for
the duty WCPD officer who shall conduct the search); and
3. The Desk Officer shall then prepare or accomplish PNP Booking Form (PNPBF)-1
"Request for Medical Examination of the Arrested Suspect" The Desk Officer shall
have the police station Officer on Duty (OD) to sign the request form, but in the
absence of the OD, the Desk Officer may sign the request form himself.

3) Duty Investigator (DI):

1. After medical examination, the Arresting Officer shall refer the suspect/s and the case
to the Duty Investigator (DI). The DI and the AO shall accomplish the PNP Booking
Form-2 "Arrest and Booking Form" and ensure that a Copy of the results of the medical
examination are attached to the booking form;
2. The DI shall obtain personal information from each suspect and accomplish PNPBF-2
with the help of the AO. The PNPBD-2 booking sheet should contain among others the
personal circumstances of the suspect/s. Likewise, the initial determination of the
nature of the offense is included in the booking sheet. The last part of the booking sheet
refers to the medical history or information known of the Suspect/s, this part should not
be confused with the medical certification issued by a doctor upon his arrest which
shall be attached to the PNP Booking Form-2A.
3. The DI shall| conduct record check to determine if the arrested suspect/s have previous
or existing cases and/or standing warrant of arrest; (d) The Duty Investigator shall not
process suspects brought by the Arresting Officers who have not undergone a medical
examination in a government hospital;
4. The DI shall ensure that Mug Shots or the photographic portrait of the suspects are
taken in four (4) different methods in accordance with the procedures. The 4R mug
shots shall be attached to or printed in the PNP Booking Form- 2B.
5. The Duty Investigator shall prepare a Turn-over Receipt Form (from Investigator to the
Jailer) known as PNP Booking Form-3. The Jailer of the Station will now take
responsibility of the suspect. If it is necessary that the arrested persons be placed in the
lockup cell, a complete body frisking of the suspect by pat-down type search for any
concealed weapon must be done. Strip search shall be conducted if necessary. On body
search of arrested male suspect, it is typically not required to same sex pat down
searches, but it is wise. When it comes to women and children, the WCPD officer who

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 is familiar with women and children protection duties will conduct the search. Search is
done to ensure that no prohibited object will be brought inside the lock-up cell,
particularly sharp objects that can be used to hurt other prisoners and ropes that might
be used for entangling;
6. All personal valuables of the suspect that are not allowed to be brought inside the lock-
up cell will be collected by the Investigator and shall be turned-over to the police
station Property Custodian. The Investigator shall prepare PNP Booking Form 4.
7. The DI shall also be responsible for ensuring that the suspects' fingerprints or ten prints
are taken by the Fingerprint Technician, using both the ten-print card and the PNPBF-2.
Only a trained Fingerprint Technician shall be allowed by the DI to take the ten prints
of the suspects using the standard PNP Crime Laboratory Form No 452- 038 to ensure
that this will be readable by the Automated Fingerprint identification System (AFIS).
The ten-print card is considered as an integral part of the booking form and is known as
PNP Booking Form-2C;
8. The DI must always inform the Desk Officer of the status or the case and the suspect so
that updates will be entered in the police blotter;
9. The Investigator shall be responsible for preparing the necessary documents such as:
Affidavit-complaint; affidavit of witness; booking and arrest report; photo copy of
recovered evidence if any: and a letter of case referral to the Prosecutor's Office that
should be signed by the Station Commander or Police Station Officer on Duty with the
former's unavailability.

CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION

Duties of the Police During Custodial Investigation

1. 1 The arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may be, shall ensure that a person arrested,
detained or under custodial investigation shall, at all times, be assisted by counsel, preferably of his
own choice;
2. The arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may be, must inform the person arrested,
detained or under custodial investigation of the following rights under the Miranda Doctrine in a
language or dialect known to and understood by him:
a. That he has the right to remain silent;
b. That if he waives his right to remain silent, anything he says can be used in evidence against
him in court;
c. That he has the right to counsel of his own choice;
d. That, if he cannot afford one, he shall be provided with an independent and competent
counsel; and
e. That he has the right to be informed of such rights.
3. If the person arrested, detained, or under custodial investigation has opted to give a sworn statement,
the arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may be, must reduce it in writing;
4. The arresting officer must ensure that, before the sworn statement is signed, or thumb-marked if
there is inability to read and to write, the document shall be read and adequately explained to the
person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation by his counsel of choice, or by the assisting
counsel provided to him, in the language or dialect known to him;
5. The arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may be, must ensure that any extrajudicial
confession made by a person arrested, detained or under custodial investigation shall be:
a. In writing;
b. Signed by such person in the presence of his counsel; or
c. In the latter's absence, upon a valid waiver, and in the presence of any of the parents, elder
brothers and sisters, his spouse, the municipal mayor, the municipal judge, district school
supervisor, priest, imam or religious minister chosen by him. Failure of the arresting officer
or the investigator, to observe the above-mentioned procedures shall render the extrajudicial
confession inadmissible as evidence in any proceeding;
6. The arresting officer, or the investigator, as the case may be, must, under established regulations,
allow the person arrested, detained, or under custodial investigation visits by or conferences with any
member of his immediate family, any medical doctor, priest, imam or religious minister chosen by
him or by any member of his immediate family or by his counsel, or by any local Non-Governmental
Organization (NGO) duly accredited by the Commission on Human Rights (CHR) Or by any
international NGO duly accredited by the Office of the President. His "immediate family" shall
include his spouse, parent or child, brother or sister, grandparent grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew
or niece, guardian or ward, and fiancé or fiancée: and
7. After interrogation, the person under custodial investigation shall have the right to be informed of his
right to demand physical examination by an independent and competent doctor of his own choice. If
he cannot afford the services of a doctor of his own choice, he shall be provided by the State with a
competent and independent doctor to conduct physical examination. If the person arrested is female,
she shall be attended to preferably by a female doctor. The physical examination of the person under

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 custodial investigation shall be contained in a medical report, which shall be attached to the custodial
investigation report.

Detention
The following are the policies and procedures in admission, visitation, transfer and release of
detainees:
a. Admission
The following can be detained/admitted in the PNP Detention/Custodial Center:
1. Any person arrested due to the commission of a crime/s;
2. Arrested suspects covered by a Commitment Order; and
3. Arrested suspects who are under custodial investigation. However, under no circumstances
should the arrested suspects under custodial investigation be held in the detention center
beyond the prescribed reglementary period, unless, while in custody, appropriate charges
have been filed and a Commitment Order has been issued by the court concerned or he
signed the required waiver of the rights under the provisions of Article 125 of the RPC.

b. Requirements for Admission

Prior to the admission of arrested suspect, the following mandatory requirements shall be
submitted to the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center:
1. Request for Custody of the arresting unit or the Commitment Order from the Court;
2. Proof of medical examination or medical certificate of the detainee to be provided by the
arresting unit requesting for custody; and
3. Case folder of the detainee containing the accomplished booking sheet for the arrested
suspect and the Information filed with the Prosecutor's Office.

c. Segregation of Detainees
As much as practicable, detainees must be segregated according to gender and to the
classification of crimes committed.

d. Visitation
Any person arrested and detained at the PNP Detention/ Custodial Center shall be allowed
visits by or conferences with any member of his immediate family, or any medical doctor or priest or
religious minister chosen by him or by any member of his immediate family or by his counsel, or by
any local NGO duly accredited by the CHR or by any international NGÓ duly accredited by the
Office of the President, subject to the following conditions:
1. The Chief, Detention/Custodial Center or his duly authorized representative is authorized to
apportion the number of visitors per detainee at any given time as the space of the visitor's
area may allow. With respect to detainee's family members, public and/or pertinent
document must be presented to prove their relationship with the detainee.
2. Visitors wearing the color of the detainee's uniform shall be advised to wear other colors.
3. The Custodial Center, an informal and temporary penal facility for arrested suspects, shall
not allow conjugal visits for detention prisoners.
4. The counsel of the accused has the right to visit the latter subject to the existing security
rules and regulation of the Center.
5. No camera, video equipment, cellular phone and similar devices are allowed inside the
visiting area.
6. All visitors shall be frisked for deadly weapons, firearms and other prohibited items.

e. Transfer of Custody
1. Upon receipt of the Commitment Order from the court, the Chief, Detention/Custodial
Center shall personally coordinate with the issuing court to ascertain the validity of the
order;
2. Upon confirmation, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center must coordinate with the
receiving detention facility for the immediate transfer of custody; and
3. Prior to the transfer of custody, the arrested person shall be subjected to medical examination
by a PNP medico-legal officer or any government physician in the absence of PNP medico-
legal officer. Medical examination is mandatory before any transfer of custody of arrested
person.

f. Release
1. The Chief of Office shall be the sole approving authority in releasing detention prisoner.
2. Upon receipt of the Release Order from the court, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center
shall personally coordinate with the issuing court to ascertain the validity of the order.
3. Upon confirmation, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center must coordinate with the arresting
unit if there are other legal impediments to the release.

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 4. The Chief, Detention/Custodial Center shall likewise check the Directorate for Investigation
and Detective Management (DIDM)'s Arrest and Warrant Registry to determine if the
detainee to be released has other pending warrants of arrest.
5. Granting that all documents are legally in order, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center shall
prepare the memorandum addressed to the Chief of Office for the approval of the release.
6. If there are valid grounds to sustain further detention, the Chief of Office in coordination
with the arresting unit, will prepare the appropriate manifestation to the court containing
therein the ground/s for objection.
7. Prior to the official release of the detainee, the Chief, Detention/Custodial Center must bring
the detainee to the Office of the PNP Health Service or Rural Health Unit for medical
examination, which shall form part of the records/ case folder of the subject detainee.
8. The Property or Evidence Custodian Officer shall be responsible for the custody of all the
properties seized from the detainee prior to his detention. The former shall release the same
to the detainee immediately upon his discharge from detention.

Transporting Detention Prisoner

1. If transported by a patrol jeep, the subject must be seated on the right rear seat and a PNP
escort shall sit at the rear on the left side facing the subject. Hands of the subject should be
secured by handcuffs under his knees.
2. If transported by a patrol car, subject must be seated on the right rear seat and the PNP escort
personnel shall sit on the left rear seat. Hands of the subject should be secured by handcuffs
under his knees.
3. In no case shall a Detention Prisoner be transported using public utility land vehicles that are
not exclusively utilized for the purpose.
4. In no case shall a high-risk Detention Prisoner be transported without proper escort and
handcuffs.
5. Female detainees shall be transported in handcuffs preferably aided by a police woman.
6. In no case shall a Detention Prisoner be allowed out of the Detention Cell without proper
escort.
7. Transport and escort of Detention Prisoner shall be limited only from the detention cell to
the proper office for inquest, or court for hearing, or to the nearest hospital/clinic in case of
the mandatory medical examination prior to detention or during actual medical emergency,
or in court-permitted transport.
8. In no case shall a Detention Prisoner be allowed travel and escort outside the detention cell
to places devoted for recreation, worship, entertainment, meals and dining and others of
similar and analogous description, unless upon lawful orders of the court.
9. Detention Prisoners shall as much as possible be transported wearing detention prisoner
uniform or proper attire that may identify them as a detention prisoner.

INQUEST PROCEDURES

Commencement of Inquest
The inquest proceedings shall commence upon the presentation of arrested person and witness/es by
the police officer before the inquest prosecutor. The concerned police officer shall also submit the following
documents:
1. Affidavit of Arrest;
2. Statement(s) of the complainant(s);
3. Affidavit(s) of the witness(es)if any; and
4. Other supporting evidence gathered by law enforcement authorities in the course of their
investigation of the criminal incident involving the arrested person.

Documents to Be Submitted
The investigator shall ensure that, as far as practicable, the following documents shall be presented
during the inquest proceedings:

a. Murder, Homicide and Parricide

1. Certified true/machine copy of the certificate of death of the victim; and
2. Necropsy Report and the certificate of Post-Mortem Examination, if readily available.

b. Frustrated or Attempted Homicide, Murder, Parricide, and Physical Injuries Cases

1. Medical Certificate of the complaining witness showing the nature or extent of the injury;
2. Certification or statement as to the duration of the treatment or medical attendance; and
3. Certificate or statement as to duration of incapacity for work.

d. Violations of the Dangerous Drugs Law

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 1. Chemistry Report or Certificate of Laboratory Examination duly signed by the forensic
chemist or other duly authorized officer;
2. Machine copy or photograph of the buy-bust money;
3. Inventory/list of property seized; and
4. Affidavit of Poseur-Buyer/Arresting Officer.

d. Theft and Robbery Cases, Violation of the Anti-Piracy Law, Anti-Highway Robbery Law, and
Violation of the Anti- Fencing Law
1. List/Inventory of the articles and items subject of the offense; and
2. Statement of their respective value.

e. Rape, Seduction, and Forcible Abduction with Rape Cases

1. Medico-Legal Report (Living Case Report), if the victim submitted herself for medical or
physical examination;
2. Statement of the victim/complainant;

f. Violation of the Anti-Carnapping Law

1. Machine copy of the certificate of motor vehicle registration:
2. Machine copy of the current official receipt of payment of the registration fees of the subject
motor vehicle; and
3. Other evidence of ownership.

g. Violation of the Anti-Cattle Rustling Law

1. Machine copy of the cattle certificate of registration; and
2. Picture of the cattle, if readily available.

h. Violation of Illegal Gambling Law

1. Gambling paraphernalia;
2. Cash money, if any.

i. Illegal Possession of Firearms and Explosives

1. Chemistry Report duly signed by the forensic chemist; and Photograph of the explosives, if
readily available; and
2. Certification from the Firearms and Explosives Office, Civil Security Group, PNP.

j. Violation of the Fisheries Law

1. Photograph of the confiscated fish, if readily available;
2. Certification of the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources; and
3. Paraphernalia and equipment used in illegal fishing.

k. Violation of the Forestry Law

1. Scale sheets containing the volume and species s of the forest products confiscated, number
of pieces important details such as estimated value of the Confiscated;
2. Certification of the Department of Environment and Natural and Resources/Bureau of Forest
Management; and
3. Seizure Receipt.

Waiver of Rights
The inquest shall proceed unless the arrested person opts for a preliminary investigation by executing
the required waiver of rights under Article 125 of the RPC.

Monitoring of Cases by the Investigators

An investigator’s job does not end upon the filing of the case with the Prosecutor’s Office. The
investigator on case shall continuously monitor the case up to its final resolution.

Conduct of Crime Scene Investigation

The Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) starts from the arrival of the PNP First Responders (FRS) to the
arrival of the Duty Investigator/IOC and the SOCO Team until the lifting of the security Cordon and release
of the crime scene.
The following are the functions and responsibilities of the investigators during the crime scene
investigation, as well as the procedures to be observed:

a. First Responder (FR)

1. The first Police Officers to arrive at the crime scene are the FRS who were dispatched by the local
police station/unit concerned after receipt of incident/flash/alarm report;

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 2. Immediately, the FR shall conduct a preliminary evaluation of the crime scene. This evaluation
should include the scope of the incident, emergency services required, scene safety concerns,
administration of life-saving measures, and establishment of security and control of the scene;
3. The FR is mandated to save and preserve life by giving the necessary first-aid measures to the
injured and their medical evacuation as necessary. The FR shall likewise secure and preserve the
crime scene by cordoning off the area to prevent unauthorized entry of persons;
4. The FR shall take the dying declaration of severely injured person/s, if any. Requisites of a
"Dying Declaration" are:
a. That death is imminent and the declarant is conscious of that fact;
b. That the declaration refers to the cause and surrounding circumstances of such death;
c. That the declaration relates to facts which the victim is competent to testify to; and
d. That the declaration is offered in a case where in the declarant's death is the subject of the
inquiry.
5. The FR shall make the initial assessment on whether a crime has actually been committed and
shall conduct the preliminary interview of witnesses to determine what and how the crime was
committed;
6. If and when there is a suspect present in the area, the first responder shall arrest, detain and
remove the suspect from the area;
7. The FR, upon the arrival of the IOC, shall turnover the crime scene to the duty investigator/I0C
after the former has briefed the investigator of the situation. The FR shall prepare and submit the
CSI Form "1" - First Responders Report to the IOC and be prepared to assist the IOC in the
investigation; and
8. The FR shall stay in the crime scene to assist the I0C in the maintenance of security, crowd
control, preservation of evidence, and custody of witness/suspect until such time the investigation
is completed and temporarily turned over to the local Chief of Police (COP) for the continuance
of crime scene security

b. Investigator-on-Case (IOC) /Duty Investigator

1. Upon arrival at the crime scene, the IOC shall request for a briefing from the FR and make a
quick assessment of the crime;
2. At this stage, the IOC shall assume full responsibility over the crime scene and shall conduct
a thorough assessment or the scene and inquiry into the incident. If necessary the IOC may
conduct crime scene search outside the area where the incident happened, employing any of
the various search methods;
3. Based on the assessment, if the IOC determines that a SOCO team is required, he shall
report the matter to his COP and request for a SOCO, otherwise, the IOC shall proceed with
the CSI without the SOC team and shall utilize CSI Form "4":
4. The IOC may by himself if the situation so demands, conduct CSI if, there is no Provincial
Crime Laboratory Office/Regional Crime Laboratory Office in the province. The IOC must,
however, ensure that the correct procedures in the collection of evidence are observed to
ensure the admissibility of the evidence;
5. The Police Station Operation Center, upon directive of the COP, shall make the request for
the SOCO team through the Provincial/City Operations Center;
6. It shall be the responsibility of the Provincial/City Operations Center to facilitate the request
for the SOCO Team;
7. Upon the arrival of the SOCO Team, the IOC shall accomplish CSI Form "2" and submit the
same to the SOCO Team Leader. The SOCO team shall not enter the crime scene unless the
IOC makes the official written request wherein he assures the SOCO team of his presence
and support; and
8. The IOC shall brief the SOCO Team upon their arrival at the crime scene and shall jointly
conduct the preliminary crime Scene survey.

c. SOCO Team
1. The SOCO Team shall not join any operations conducted by the local police or accompany
the FRS or the IOC in going to the crime scene. They will only respond upon request
through the Operations Center and after the IOC has already made the proper assessment of
the crime scene.
2. Upon receipt of the Request for Conduct of SOCO, the SOCO Team shall then Conduct the
scene of the crime operations which include among others the narrative description of the
crime scene, photography, videography, crime scene search, crime scene sketch, rime scene
location sketch, physical evidence recording and collection, and other procedures necessary.
3. In case the SOCO Team needs to temporarily suspend the processing, the Chief of Police
shall be primarily responsible and accountable for securing the crime scene and ensuring its
integrity until the return of SOCO Team and the conclusion of the CSI.
4. After the termination of the SOCO, the SOCO Team Leader shall brief the IOC on the initial
results and thereafter conduct the final crime scene survey together with the IOC

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 5. The SOCO Team shall accomplish the CSI Form "4" - SOCO Report Forms and furnish the
IOC of copies of the same before leaving the crime scene.

Release of the Crime Scene

1. The IOC shall decide on the lifting of the security cordon and the release of the crime scene upon
consultation with the SOCO Team Leader and he shall be responsible in ensuring that all pieces of
potential evidence have been collected by the SOCO Team as any re-entry into the crime scene after
its release to the owner will require a Search Warrant issued by the Court;
2. The IOC shall accomplish the CSI Form "6" before the cordon shall be lifted;
3. The IOC shall ensure that the appropriate inventory has been provided by the SOCO Team and shall
only lift the security Cordon and release the crime scene only after completion of the documentation
process;
4. The IOC or the COP shall turn-over the crime Scene to the Owner of the property or where the crime
scene is a public place, to any local person in authority using CSI Form "5;
5. The IOC shall accomplish and submit the Investigators Report with all the required attachments to
the COP within two (2) working days from the date of incidence; and
6. The CSI Report shall be the first entry in the Case Folder for the investigation of the incident.

CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

Special SOCO Procedures

In cases where the evidence gathered needs special processing due to significant or sensational cases,
the specialists from the Crime Laboratory shall be requested.
1. In bombing cases, the EOD personnel should first clear the area and declare it "secured" prior to
entry of the SOCO. The former, before entering the crime scene must submit the latter for swabbing.
All evidence collected must be pre-cleared by the EOD prior to documentation.
2. In suspected or reported chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) situations, the SOCO
shall directly coordinate with the Special Rescue Team of the Bureau of Fire and Protection before
the conduct of the crime scene investigation.
3. In mass victim situation, the Regional/District SOCO who has jurisdiction over the area, in addition
to their function, shall act as the FR to the Interim Disaster Victim Identification Task Group (IDVI
TG) of the PNP Crime Laboratory. The IDVI TG shall immediately assess the forensic specialists
needed to be deployed at the crime scene and relay the requirements to the PNP Crime Laboratory
Headquarters.
4. The SOCO has motu proprio authority to direct al operating units involved in the police operation to
submit their respective personnel for forensic examination; their service firearms for ballistic tests;
and other pieces of evidence involved to expedite the investigation of the case

Duties of the Territorial Police Unit

1. Provide assistance in the evacuation of the injured persons to the nearest hospital;
2. Provide area security;
3. Control the crowd at the crime scene;
4. Direct the flow of traffic away from the crime scene so as not to destroy and contaminate vital
evidence; and
5. Provide security back-up to the SOCO.

Policy Guidelines on Processing of Persons the Crime Scene

These policy guidelines prescribe the operational procedures in processing and handling persons
present at the crime scene; be they the suspects, victims or witnesses. The aim is t to clearly define police
courses of actions in dealing with persons who, for any reason and personal circumstance, are at the crime
scene during the conduct of police operation.

a. Crisis Management
As soon as the perpetrators surrender, or when they are captured or neutralized, the On-Scene Commander
shall that the following are accomplished:
1. Processing and Debriefing
a. Hostages/Victims;
b. Perpetrators;
c. Witnesses; and
d. Key participants in the incident.

2. Documentation: Sworn Statement of the following:

a. Witnesses;
b. Hostages;
c. Perpetrators; and
d. Key participants in the incidents.

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 3. Venue of Processing, Debriefing and Documentation.
Considering the instability of the situation; the safety of the responders and persons found at the
scene of the crime; and the preservation of the place of incident, the venue of the processing,
debriefing and investigation shall be at a neutral and secured place

b. Hostage Negotiation
The following procedure shall be followed during a Hostage Situation:
1. Crisis Management Task Group shall be activated immediately;
2. Incident scene shall be secured and isolated;
3. Unauthorized persons shall not be allowed entry and exit to the incident scene; and
4. Witnesses' names, addresses, and other information shall be recorded. Witnesses shall be
directed to a safe location.

Procedures in the Investigation of Heinous and Sensational Crimes

The SITGS (Special Investigation Task Group) shall spearhead and coordinate the investigative and
prosecutorial efforts of the PNP to facilitate the speedy resolution and successful prosecution of
heinous/sensational cases to include the conviction of the perpetrators.

Policies
1) The institutionalization of Command Responsibility at all levels of the organization shall be highly
observed. As such, the respective Commanders/Supervisors in whose areas of jurisdiction the
heinous/sensational crimes transpired are expected to personally and effectively manage their
SITGs by closely monitoring, supervising, directing, coordinating, and controlling the overall
activities of their subordinates. Hence, SITGS shall be created as follows:

1) Composition and Organization of SITG:

Regional Level (To investigate killings and violence Committed against Senators, Congressmen,
Governors, Cabinet Secretaries, Undersecretaries, and SC and CA Justices):
1. SITG Supervisor - Regional Director
2. SITG Commander – DRDO
3. Asst Commander - DD/PD or CD, CPO
4. Spokesperson - Regional PIO
5. Members – RCIDU
 Regional Intelligence Div
 Regional Legal Office
 Regional Crime Laboratory
 COP, CPS/MPS/Station Commander
 RIDMD
 Investigator-on-Case

2) PPO/District/CPO Level (Killings and violences Provincial committed against Vice Governors,
Board Members, Mayors, Vice Mayors, Judges, Prosecutors & IBP lawyers, militants, media
practitioners, foreign nationals)
a. SITG Supervisor- Deputy Regional Director for Operations (DRDO)
b. SITG Commander - DD, PD/PF, PPO/CD, CPO
c. Asst Commander – PO/Field Officer, CIDT
d. Spokesperson – PIO (District/PPO/CPO)
e. Members – Provincial/City Legal Service
 Provincial/City Intelligence Section
 Provincial Crime Lab
 RIO
 PIDMB/CIDMB
 Investigator-on-Case
 Chief of Police

2. Whenever a heinous or sensational crime transpires, SIG shall be immediately organized and be headed
by the concerned District Director/Provincial Director/City Director or the Deputy Regional Director for
Operations depending on the gravity of the incident and/or upon order/discretion of the CPNP.
3. It shall be the responsibility of every established SITG to properly manage the assigned case and ensure
its resolution by applying the best investigative techniques/practices and utilizing all its available
resources.
4. CIDG shall assume the responsibility of pursuing the investigation when the case is not solved within six
(6) months and already classified as a cold case.

Organizational Procedures

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 1. Whenever a serious crime is committed, the concerned Chief of Police (COP) or Station Commander
shall immediately assess the situation and communicate to the DD/PD/CD the attendant
circumstances and its updates which will be the basis of the DD/PD/CD for recommending to the RD
whether or not there is a need to activate the SITG.
2. Concerned COP or Station Commander shall base his/her assessment and recommendation on the
report of the first responders and his assigned investigator on-case. The creation of a SITG is not
necessary for crimes that can be resolved at the said level. Otherwise, a District/PPO/CPO level
SITG shall be organized that will take cognizance of the investigation of heinous and sensational
cases initially investigated by the City/ Municipal/District Police Stations.
3. The Regional Director (RD) shall issue orders organizing the District/PPO/CPO SITG, indicating the
ranks and names of its personnel complement. It shall be headed by the territorial
Chief/Commander/Head of Unit such as the District Director/Provincial Director/City Director:
a. The SITG shall be composed of Investigation Team, Case Record Team, Technical/Legal
Support Team, Admin/Logistics Teams and Evidence Team;
b. The Case Record Team shall be headed by an Officer from Investigation and Detective
Management Division/Branch /Section who shall be at the same time the Case Record
Officer and the Evidence and Record Custodian, responsible for the preservation of
evidence;
4. The Investigator-on-Case (I0C), who is part of the Investigation Team, shall gather and prepare
relevant documents for filing of appropriate case(s) in Court and serve as liaison with other law
enforcement agencies/ government agencies, NGOs/NGAs, and other persons entities which could
possibly help the SITG in the resolution of the case. The I0C shall also be the Evidence Custodian,
except for pieces of evidence which need to be submitted to Crime Laboratory, the courts, and other
technical agencies for technical Examination and analysis; and
5. In cases where the designated Commander or members requirements, and/or has “perceived biases”
of any kind, the of the SITG cannot effectively comply with the operational RD shall immediately
reorganize the said SITG and designate other officers who are more capable of accomplishing the
job.
6. Upon the creation of a SITG, a “Case Investigation Plan’” must be made to serve as operating
guidelines in the conduct of investigation of heinous and sensational cases. This will include the
journal of the case which pertains to the daily progress on what has been done e and accomplished in
the investigation of the case, to include t the minutes of case conferences and coordination with other
offices/units. This will also be the basis of funding the SITGs activities.
7. The CPNP may direct/task any operational support unit the PNP to assist in the investigation.
Likewise, he may also order the reorganization of the SITG as he deems it necessary.
8. The SITG shall be deactivated upon the solution of the particular case being investigated.
9. Every SITG shall have six (6) months to resolve a case from the time it takes cognizance of the said
case.

Operational Procedures
The following are the operational procedures to be undertaken by the SITG pertaining to
investigations of all heinous/sensational crimes:
1. Investigation starts from the arrival of the First Responder on the ground who shall perform
important tasks as earlier enumerated;
2. Aside from the usual investigative procedures, the SITG shall immediately validate and confirm the
affiliations of the victims, issue press releases on a regular basis and establish an On-Scene
Command Post (OSCP) by putting up a tent similar structures or deploying a Mobile Investigation
Van (if available) at/or near the crime scene. The SITG Commander or his deputy who is also a
member of the SITG must be present/available in the OSCP at all times;
3. The OSCP shall be maintained for as long as necessary and shall only be deactivated or transferred
with the clearance and approval of the Regional Director;
4. A the OSCP shall be utilized by the SITG to conduct on-scene or on-the-ground investigation. The
tent or van of the OSCP shall be marked appropriately as “PNP On-Scene Command Post” and shall
also be posted with the mobile Phone or contact numbers of the SITG Commander, Assistant
Commander and the Investigator-On-Case;
5. The Police Station which has jurisdiction over the area shall be utilized as alternate OSCP of the
SITG; Follow-up actions and efforts must be undertaken to:
a. Give special focus to ascertaining/establishing motive;
b. Effectively conduct profiling of victims, suspects and witnesses;
c. Proficiently link/matrix analysis and exploit evidence information; and
d. Hold paramount the convenience of witnesses when extracting their Statement or affidavit.

6. The SITG Commander supported by the Investigation Team, Technical Teams, and Case Record
Officer shall prepare the CIPLAN and take notice, prepare, and observe the following:
a. The Investigation Management System which consists of evidence matrix, resource
spreadsheet, standard tactical plan, and major investigation plan;

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 b. The CIPLAN must be prepared and shall be in the following format (Six Point Plan);
Situation, Mission, Execution, Contingency, Administration and Logistics, Command, and
Communication (SMECAC);
c. Prepare the Crime Scene Matrix Template which is necessary in the conduct of crime
analysis. It can come in tandem with the evidence and resource matrix of the investigation
plan;
d. Surveillance must also be done to assess and make decisions on competencies needed and
allocation of resources;
7. Strengthen the coordinative mechanism in order to:
a. Strictly observe the chain of custody of evidence and flow of communications; and
b. Develop and resolve the issues under investigation through case conference/s with DOJ and
other concerned agencies.
8. Initiate build-up and follow-up investigation;
9. Consolidate all the forensic results, testimonial documents and investigation reports as well as the
compliances of the members of SITG;
10. Initiate the crime matrix analysis in coordination with all members of SITG;
11. Initiate the preparation of the case folder with the assistance of other members of SITG;
12. File or refer the case to the Department of Justice (DOJ);
13. Conduct case reviews (internal/external) to be done by senior investigators or detectives. It can be
seen as a for of risk management that seeks to apply the principle of system audit to reduce
recurrence of typical errors. Case reviews shall be in the form of:
a. Informal “Golden Hour” Review (at the early stage of the investigation);
b. Self Inspection (Self-Completion of a short pro forma to provide prompt actions and
highlight emerging problems);
c. C. 28-Day Progress Review (assure quality and assist investigators identify investigative
opportunities to advance the inquiry);
d. Concluding Reviews (provide overview), Case Development Reviews (Cold Case Review);
e. Detective Case Review (review of their sample solve cases and learn best practices); and
Thematic Review (focus upon specific issue);
f. All case folders including pertinent documents must be kept by the case record officers, with
copies furnished to the evidence custodian of the local police station;
g. In case the investigator-on-case is dismissed or retired or separated from the service, all
remaining members the investigation team shall be responsible for the court presentation of
the case: and
h. Conduct case tracking until the final disposition of the case.
14. The extension of the SITG can be considered based on the manifestation of the Regional Director to
TDIDM (Attn: C, CMD) as a result of his/her evaluation that the case could be resolved in a certain
period of time, but in no case shall this exceed a one (1) month period;
15. If the case has been solved, the SITG shall be deactivated immediately. The SITG Commander shall
inform TDIDM (Attn: C, CMD) regarding its deactivation;
16. Once the warrant of arrest has been issued, the RIDMD concern shall monitor the Unit Commander
concerned to serve the warrant. Further, the RIDMD shall monitor the Unit Commander handling the
case to ensure the attendance of prosecution witnesses when directed by the Court or Prosecutor;
17. The RIDMD shall make a monthly progress report on all SITG cases filed in Court or Prosecutor’s
office to TDIDM (Attn: C, CMD);
18. If the SITG fails to resolve the case within six (6) months or after the extension, the case will be
considered a “cold case”. Hence, the SITG shall be deactivated under obligation to ensure that all
documents, pieces of evidence and any other related materials are accounted and secured;
19. All the records of cold cases and cleared cases including the pieces of evidence gathered shall be
officially turned over to the Regional Criminal Investigation and Detection Unit (RCIDU), CIDG in
the respective PROs for the continuation of the investigation. Likewise, chain of custody of evidence
must be strictly observed;
20. CIDG must submit to TDIDM (Attn C, RAD), a modified CIPLAN or new CIPLAN in the conduct
of follow-up investigations on all cases that were turned over to them. Progress report on all “cold
cases” that were turned over to CIDG shall be submitted to RIDMD (Copy furnished CMD, DIDM).
The latter shall monitor and periodically evaluate the case being Investigated by CIDG and make
appropriate assessment for its final disposition. Strengthen the coordinative mechanism in order to:
a. Strictly observe the chain of custody of evidence and flow of communications; and
b. Develop and resolve the issues under investigation through case conference with DOJ and
other concerned agencies.
21. Initiate case build-up and follow-up investigation:
22. All the case folders including pertinent documents must be kept by the case record officers, with
copies furnished the evidence custodian of the local police station;
23. In case the investigator in-charge is dismissed or retired separated from the service, all remaining
members of the investigation team shall be responsible for the court presentation of the case;
24. Conduct case tracking until the final disposition of the case:

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 25. All concerned PNP units are enjoined to exert extra efforts in order to identify, locate or cause the
identification and arrest of the culprit(s):
a. They shall immediately organize a dedicated TRACKER TEAM to pursue a particular target
personality/suspect;
b. They shall enhance information gathering and intelligence build-up for the identification and
apprehension of the suspects;
c. They shall work in close coordination with the NBI, DOJ and all other law enforcement
agencies, as necessary. The SITG must therefore closely coordinate with their respective
local prosecutors and ensure that a prosecutor is included as a member of the
Technical/Legal Support team; and
d. They shall prepare posters of wanted personalities especially those covered with rewards,
Roque galleries at the city and municipal I levels shall also be prepared for this purpose;
26. While the tasked units shall operate on existing logistical and financial allocations, Regional
Directors shall also provide logistical and financial support to SITG.

SPECIAL OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

Rules on Labor Disputes

General Policy and Guidelines

a. The involvement of PNP personnel during strikes, lockouts and labor disputes in general
shall be limited to the maintenance of peace and order, enforcement of laws, and
implementation of legal orders of the duly constituted authorities.
2. 2 The PNP shall only render assistance to labor disputes upon written request addressed to the
Regional Director/District Director concerned. In case of actual violence, the police can respond
without the written request.
3. Insofar as practicable, no PNP personnel shall be allowed to render police assistance in connection
with a strike or lockout if there is question or complaint as regards his relationship by affinity or
consanguinity to any official/leader of the parties in the controversy or if he has financial or
pecuniary interest therein.
4. PNP personnel detailed as peace-keeping force in strike or lockout areas shall be in prescribed
uniform at all times.
5. They shall exercise maximum tolerance and when called for by the situation or when all other
peaceful and non-violent means have been exhausted, police officers may employ such means as
may be necessary and reasonable to prevent or repel an aggression.
6. The matter of determining whether a strike, picket or lockout is legal or not should be left to
Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and its appropriate agencies. PNP personnel should
not interfere in a strike, picket or lockout, except as herein provided.
7. No personal escort shall be provided to any of the parties to the controversy unless upon written
request from DOLE. Whenever escorts are to be provided, the other party shall be informed
accordingly. All escorts shall be in prescribed uniform at all times.
8. During the pendency of a strike/lockout, the police personnel concerned are prohibited from
socializing with any of the parties involved in the controversy.
9. Liaison shall be established and maintained with the representatives of DOLE, management and the
union in the strike, lockout area for the purpose of maintaining peace and order, as well as to
maintain a continuing peaceful dialogue between the parties to the strike/lockout.
10. The peace-keeping detail shall not be stationed in the picket line (or confrontation line) but should be
stationed in such manner that their presence may deter the commission of criminal acts or any
untoward incident from either side. The members of the peacekeeping detail shall stay outside a 50-
meter radius from the picket line. In cases wherein the 50-meter radius includes a public
thoroughfare, they may station themselves in such public thoroughfare for the purpose of ensuring
the free flow of traffic.

Applicable Legal Parameters

The pertinent provisions of the Public Assembly Act of 1985 (Batas Pambansa Bilang 880), the
Labor Code of the Philippines, amended and other applicable laws, shall be observed during rallies, strikes,
demonstrations or other public assemblies. Law enforcement agents shall, at all times:
1. Exercise maximum tolerance.
2. In case of unlawful aggression, only reasonable force may be employed to prevent or repel it.
3. The employment of tear gas and water cannons shall be made under the control and Supervision of
the Ground Commander.
4. No arrest of any leader, organizer, or participant shall be made during the public assembly, unless
he/she violates any pertinent law as evidence warrants.

Service of Lawful Orders or Writ

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 The service of Department of Labor and d Employment (DOLE), court, or other lawful orders or
writs is the primary concern of the DOLE representative, sheriff, and representative of the government
agency issuing the order, respectively. The role of the PNP is only agency supportive. Only when specifically
stated and requested in the order or writ shall the PNP enforce such orders or writs.

Prohibited Labor Activities

No personnel of the PNP shall:
1. Bring in, introduce or escort in any manner, any individual who seeks to replace strikers in entering
or leaving the premises or a strike area; or
2. Work in replacement of the strikers.

RALLIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS

Policies
1. The PNP adheres to the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials adopted by the General
Assembly of the United Nations which requires law enforcement officials to respect and protect
human dignity, maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons, and limit the use of force to
situations where it is strictly necessary and to the extent required for the performance of their duty.
2. Public assemblies held in freedom parks or on private property do not need a permit for the activity.
Public assembly with permit or one held in a freedom park or private property shall not be dispersed
as long as it remains peaceful and no incidence of violence occurs.
3. The PNP shall provide police assistance only when requested by the leaders or organizers for
maintenance of peace and order or to ensure the safety of those participating in the public assemblies
held in freedom parks or on private property.
4. A public assembly held in a public place must have a permit from the mayor of the city or
municipality exercising Jurisdiction over the place where it will be held.
5. A public assembly held with or without a permit may be peacefully dispersed. A public assembly
with a permit be dispersed if the same is being held in violation of the terms and conditions imposed
in the permit. In both cases, before conducting any dispersal operation, the PNP shall notify the
concerned organizers and leaders of the public assembly.
6. Lightning demonstrations or rallies in areas where public assembly is prohibited shall be dispersed I
peacefully. However, should any of the participants refuse to disperse voluntarily or violate any law
or ordinance during an unauthorized public assembly; they shall be taken into police custody and be
charged accordingly.
7. Ground Commanders are responsible in determining whether there is a permit for the holding of the
public assembly.
8. Close coordination with the mayor of the city or municipality or his representative, where the public
assembly is being held should always be maintained especially when a permit has not been issued
but an application has been filed prior to the holding of the public assembly.
9. Maximum tolerance shall be exercised in the conduct of dispersal operations. Violators of the law
shall be apprehended and brought to the nearest Police Station for proper disposition.

Limitations on the Role of the PNP

The PNP shall not interfere with the holding of a public assembly. However, to ensure public safety
and to maintain peace and order during the assembly, the police contingent under the command of a PCO
preferably with the rank of Police Senior Inspector may be detailed and stationed in a place at least one
hundred (100) meters away from the area of activity.

Guidelines for Civil Disturbance Management (CDM) Contingent During Rallies/ Demonstrations
1. CDM contingent shall be in prescribed uniform without firearm.
2. Tear gas, smoke grenades, water cannons, or any similar anti-riot device shall be used only when the
public assembly is attended by actual violence or serious threats of violence, or deliberate destruction
of property.

Dispersal of Public Assembly with Permit

All public assembly with a permit shall not be dispersed. However, when an assembly becomes
violent, the police may disperse such public assembly in the following manner:
1. At the first sign of impending violence, the Ground Commander of the PNP contingent shall call the
attention of the leaders of the public assembly and ask the latter to prevent any possible disturbance;
2. If actual violence reaches a point where rocks or other harmful objects from the participants are
thrown at the police officers or at the non-participants, or at any property, causing damage to it, the
Ground Commander of the PNP contingent shall audibly warn the participants that if the disturbance
persists, the public assembly will be dispersed;
3. If the violence or disturbance does not stop, the Ground Commander of the PNP contingent shall
audibly issue a warning to the participants of the public assembly, and after allowing a reasonable
period of time to lapse, he shall immediately order it to disperse; and

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 4. No arrest of any leader, organizer or participant shall be made unless he violates during the assembly
a law, statute, or ordinance.

Dispersal of Public Assembly Without Permit

When the public assembly is held without a permit where a permit is required, the said public
assembly may be peacefully dispersed. However, when the leaders or organizers of public assembly can
show an application for permit duly filed at the Office of the Mayor which has jurisdiction over the place
where the rally will be held, at least five (5) days prior to the intended activity and the Mayor did not act on
the same, the grant of the permit being then presumed under the law. and it will be the burden of the
authorities to show that there has been a denial of the application, in which case, the rally may be peacefully
dispersed following the procedure of maximum tolerance prescribed by law.

Prohibited Acts
It shall be prohibited for a police officer to commit the following acts during peaceful assembly:
1. Obstructing, impeding, disrupting or otherwise denying the exercise of the right to peaceful
assembly;
2. The unnecessary firing of firearms to disperse the public assembly;
3. Acts in violation of the preceding paragraph.
4. Acts described hereunder if committed within one hundred (100) meters from the area of activity of
the public assembly:
a. The carrying of a deadly or offensive weapon or device such as firearm, pillbox, bomb, and
the like;
b. The carrying of a bladed weapon;
c. The malicious burning of any object in the streets or thoroughfares;
d. The carrying of firearms by CDM contingents;
e. The interfering with or intentionally disturbing the holding of a public assembly by the use
of a motor vehicle, its horns and loud sound systems;
f. The drinking of liquor or alcoholic beverages; and
g. Gambling of any kind.

Police Responses During Public Assembly

The following are the police responses during the planning stage, initial and peaceful stage,
confrontational stage, violent stage and post operation stage:

a. During Planning Stage

1. Initiate dialogue with the leaders/organizers to ensure the peaceful holding of a public assembly,
including among others, the detail of police escorts.
2. Prepare appropriate security and CDM contingency plans.

b. During Initial and Peaceful Stage

1. With Permit or Held in Freedom Parks/ Private Properties
a. The PNP shall not interfere with the holding of a public assembly. However, to adequately
ensure public safety, a CDM contingent, under the control and supervision of a PCO shall be
stationed at least one hundred (100) meters away from the area where the public assembly is
being held.
b. Monitor the activities at the public assembly area and respond to any request for police
assistance.
2. Without Permit or Permit has been revoked
a. As soon as it becomes apparent that an assembly is being held in a public place, the Ground
Commander shall immediately conduct an inquiry whether the assembly is covered with a
permit or not. If a permit could not be shown, verification should immediately be done with
the Office of the Mayor having jurisdiction over the place where the public assembly is
being held. Should the Office of the Mayor confirm that a permit has not been issued, the
leaders/organizers shall be informed of the fact that they are violating the law and will be
asked to disperse peacefully.
b. The PNP shall exhaust all peaceful remedies to persuade the demonstrators to disperse. This
may include the involvement of Local Chief Executives / community leaders when available
to intervene in the situation so that dispersal operations could be avoided.
c. Should negotiation fail and the demonstrators refuse to disperse voluntarily and peacefully,
thereby causing public inconvenience, CDM contingents may commence dispersal
operations.

c. During Breach of Peace/Confrontational Stage (With or without permit)

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 No public assembly with a permit shall be dispersed. However, when a public
assembly becomes violent, the CDM contingents may disperse such public assembly in the following
manner:
1. At the first sign of impending violence, the Ground Commander shall call the attention of the
leaders/organizers of the public assembly and ask the latter to prevent any possible
disturbance. CDM contingents shall hold the line to prevent demonstrators from proceeding
to other areas where the holding of a public assembly is prohibited.
2. If actual violence reaches a point where rocks or other harmful objects from the participants
are thrown at the CDM contingents or the nonparticipants, or at any property causing damage
to it, the Ground Commander shall audibly warn the participants that if the disturbance
persists, the public assembly will be dispersed;
3. If the violence or disturbance does not stop, the Ground Commander shall audibly issue a
warning to the participants of the public assembly, and after allowing a reasonable period of
time to lapse, shall immediately order it to disperse. With the use of CDM formations, the
rank of demonstrators shall be disbanded, contained, and isolated from each other, and should
be prevented from regrouping.
4. Water cannons and riot sticks maybe used to repel aggression and to disperse demonstrators
and reserve CDM contingents may be employed when situation requires.
5. No arrest of any leader, organizer or participant shall be made unless he violates a law,
statute, or ordinance during the assembly.

d. During Violent Stage

1. Non-lethal weapons and equipment may be used to suppress violence, to protect lives and
prevent further damage to properties.
2. PNP security elements shall be tactically deployed to provide immediate assistance to the
CDM contingents.

e. Post-Operation Stage:
1. CDM Contingents shall be withdrawn after the area has been cleared of possible danger to
public safety.
2. Sufficient police force shall be maintained to ensure peace and order in the area.

Guidelines in the Use of Non-Lethal Weapons

a. Shield and Truncheon
During the confrontational stage, truncheon or baton may be utilized only to push back
demonstrators and not as an instrument to strike individuals. However, when demonstrators become
aggressive, truncheon shall be the principal non-lethal weapon for dispersal. In such situation, CDM
contingents shall nonetheless, use the same with caution and due diligence to avoid unnecessary
injury.

b. Water Cannons
Water cannons may be utilized when demonstrators become unruly and aggressive forcing
troops to fall back to their secondary positions.

c. Tear Gas
Tear gas and pepper spray may be utilized to break up formations or groupings of
demonstrations who continue to be aggressive and who refuse to disperse despite earlier efforts.

Guidelines in dealing with Assemblies, Rallies, Demonstrations and Marches

1) To ensure the protection, safety and welfare of the public and demonstrators as well, the following
must be observed:
a. Confined Assemblies in Private Property (Churches, Schools, etc.)
1. Initiate the conduct of dialogue with the leaders/ organizers.
2. Secure and maintain order within the perimeter.

b. Confined Assemblies in Freedom Parks

1. Initiate the conduct of dialogue with the leaders/organizers.
2. Request for the permit from the leaders/organizers if the local ordinance of the area
requires one.
3. Secure and contain the area within the limits of the permit to ensure the orderly and
peaceful conduct of the assembly.

c. Mobile Assemblies in a Private Area

1. Initiate the conduct of dialogue with the leaders/organizers.

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 2. Secure and maintain order within the perimeter

d. Marches and Motorcades along Public Thoroughfares

1. Initiate the conduct of dialogue with the leaders/organizers.
2. Request for the permit from the leaders/organizers if the local ordinance of the
requires one.
3. Ensure the orderly and peaceful conduct of the marches and motorcades to ensure
public safety and to prevent compromise of public Convenience.
2) There shall always be a designated Ground Commander at the rally site;
3) Apply slow dispersal technique whenever it is applicable. Take the ground inch by inch. Ground
Commander shall refrain from using water cannon and tear gas as much as possible; and
4) If necessary, provide a medical team to extend assistance;
5) All CDM operations shall be properly documented with video and photo coverage;
6) Respect for human rights and equal treatment and protection for everybody shall be strictly
observed; and
7) PNP personnel shall observe maximum tolerance.

CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS

General Guidelines
The PNP units tasked to maintain peace and order shall not interfere with the holding of public
assembly. To ensure public safety, a Civil Disturbance Management (CDM) contingent under the command
of a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO) with the rank of Police Senior Inspector or higher shall be detailed
and stationed at least 100 meters away from the place where the public assembly is being held. In the
absence of any permit from the LGU concerned, the PC0 in command should exert effort in persuading the
demonstrators to disperse peacefully and vacate the public place. In lightning rallies or demonstrations, the
Ground Commander shall exhaust efforts through dialogue with the leaders/organizers for voluntary
dispersal. In case of failure, orderly dispersal to include apprehension of those responsible is resorted to.

Specific Guidelines
When assistance is requested by the leaders/organizers, it shall be imperative for the CDM
contingent to perform their duties while observing the rights of demonstrators. Further, the members of the
CDM contingent dealing with the demonstrators shall be in prescribed uniform.
1. The CDM contingent shall not carry any kind of firearms but may be equipped with baton or riot
sticks, crash helmets with visor, gas masks, boots or ankle-high shoes with shin guards.
2. Tear gas, smoke grenades, water cannons, or any similar anti-riot device shall not be used unless the
public assembly is attended by actual violence or serious threats of violence, or deliberate destruction
of property. Maximum tolerance shall always be observed.
3. The organization and membership of CDM contingents, as well as their deployment and
employment, shall be in accordance with existing PNP rules and regulations.

CDM Operational Tasks

1. Isolate the area
a. Secure likely targets
b. Control crowds
c. Establish area control
d. Neutralize special threats

CDM Operational Approaches

1. The commitment of a CDM contingent must be viewed as a last resort. Their role, therefore, should
never be greater than what is necessary under the circumstances. This does not mean that the number
of troops employed should be minimized. Doubts concerning the number of troops required should
normally be resolved in favor of deployment of large number since the presence of such large
number may prevent the development of situations in which large reverse of troops should be
maintained during civil disturbance operation.
2. In selecting an operational approach to a civil disturbance situation, the Ground Commander and his
personnel must adhere to the "minimum necessary force' principle.
3. Efforts should be exerted to create the image of a restrained and well-disciplined force, the sole
purpose of which is to assist in the restoration of law and order. Further, while CDM contingent
should be visible, any activity which might excite rather than calm should be avoided when possible.
4. Consistent with the controlling principle that he must use the minimum necessary force to
accomplish his mission" the Ground Commander shall equip the CDM contingent only with rattan
stick/truncheon/baton, shield, Kevlar helmet and handcuffs.
5. In situations requiring the use of baton/ truncheons should only target fleshy part of the body such as
arms, torso, legs, and thighs. Hitting protesters with the baton or truncheon on the head, face, neck,

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 shoulders blades, elbows, fingers, groins, knees, and ankles must be avoided since strikes to this part
may cause serious to permanent injuries, or even death.
6. Protesters that are arrested must be properly restrained handcuffed using scientific control methods,
and thereafter brought safely to the police station for processing. Arrested protesters must not be
kicked, punched, or dragged by hair or feet.
7. Whenever appropriate, deploy properly trained and equipped female CDM personnel as front-liners.

Demolition and Ejectment Orders

Role of the PNP in the Enforcement of a Demolition and/or Ejectment Orders

Police assistance in the enforcement or implementation of a demolition or ejectment order shall be

granted only upon a written request of the Sheriff or equivalent officer in quasi-judicial and administrative
bodies accompanied by a valid order issued by a competent court, quasi-judicial or administrative body and,
when required, with written permission from the Local Housing Board in accordance with EO 708 amending
EO 152 and DILG Memo Circular No. 2008-143. The proponent shall only be provided with police
assistance upon compliance with the requirements including the requirements under Sections 27, 28, and 30
of RA 7279 (Urban Development and Housing Act), when applicable. Moreover, said police assistance shall
be coordinated with the concerned local Chief Executive before its enforcement. In no case shall a
demolition involving informal settlers be effected without a pre demolition conference being conducted
between and among the parties involved.
1. The conduct of pre-demolition conference in cases where the affected families are informal settlers
shall be mandatory.
2. The duties of PNP personnel in any demolition or ejectment activity shall be limited to the
maintenance of peace and order, protection of life and property, and enforcement of laws and legal
orders.
3. PNP personnel tasked to provide police assistance shall be in prescribed uniform during the actual
demolition. They shall be limited only to occupying the first line of law enforcement and civil
disturbance control; shall not participate in the physical dismantling of any structure subject of
demolition; and shall use only necessary and reasonable force.

Procedures in the Enforcement of a Demolition and/or Ejectment Order

1. PNP personnel should be informed of the prevailing situation, their tasks, and strict observance of
Human Rights.
2. As much as practicable, the Chief of Police (COP) shall lead the PNP contingent detailed to assist the
Sheriff or equivalent officer during the demolition/ejectment activity.
3. All PNP personnel involved shall desist from the use of any unnecessary force or any act that may
harm, harass, or terrorize the affected parties.
4. The mode of participation shall be limited to the maintenance of peace and order during the entire
demolition/ejectment activity, ensuring the protection of all parties from harm and injury.
5. Tear gas, water cannon, and reasonable force shall be used only when all other peaceful and non-
violent means have been exhausted.

Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final Decisions or Orders of the Courts in Civil Cases, of
Quasi-Judicial Bodies and of Administrative Bodies on Controversies within their Jurisdiction

Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final Decisions or Orders or Resolutions of the Courts in
Civil Cases, of Quasi-Judicial Bodies and of Administrative Bodies, (Except Cases with Issued
Temporary Restraining Order or Injunction)

The request for police assistance shall be submitted to the Office of the Chief, PNP in case the final
decision or order to be implemented is rendered by the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeals, the Court of
Tax Appeals, the Sandiganbayan, quasi-judicial bodies or administrative bodies. If the final decision or order
is rendered by the Regional Trial Court or the Municipal Trial Court, the request shall be submitted to the
Office of the Regional Director of the Police Regional Office (RD, PRO) having territorial jurisdiction over
the place of implementation. The request for police assistance of quasi-judicial or administrative bodies shall
be submitted to the Office of the Chief, PNP regardless of the place where the police assistance shall be
rendered, but the same maybe delegated to the upon the discretion of the Chief, PNP in the Regional Director
accordance with Section 26, RA 6975.

Requirements for Police Assistance

Request for police assistance in the implementation of final decisions/orders/writs shall be acted
only, upon compliance of the following conditions:
1. The request for police assistance is based on an order of the court, quasi-judicial or administrative
bodies;
2. The written request for police assistance shall be signed by the Sheriff or equivalent officer in quasi-
judicial or administrative bodies;

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 3. The request is filed at least five (5) working days prior to the actual implementation; and
4. The original document of the final decision/order/ resolution must be presented. In the absence of the
same, copy duly authenticated by the Clerk of Court or other authorized representative of the court,
quasi-judicial or administrative body will suffice.

Period to Render Police Assistance

If the request for police assistance satisfies all the requirements, police assistance shall be rendered
within three (3) working days from receipt of the directive from the C, PNP or RD, PRO, unless a specific
period is written in the order or due to inherent impossibility of rendering assistance, a longer period is
required.

Office or Unit That May Be Tasked to Render Police Assistance

The Chief, PNP, as may be recommended by the Director Tor Operations, may task any operational
support unit of the PNP or the PRO that has jurisdiction in the area where the decision/order/resolution shall
be implemented to render police assistance. In case of request to the RD, PRO, the latter may task the Public
Safety Company/ /Battalion, Police Provincial Office (PPO), City Police Office/Station (CPS) or Municipal
Police Station (MPS) within his Jurisdiction to render police assistance. In case of direct filing or request to
local police units or operational support units, the request shall be referred to the OCPNP or RD, PRO, as
appropriate. In the meantime, no police assistance shall be rendered until the C, PNP or RD, PRO shall have
acted on the request.

Extent of Police Assistance

The head of office or unit tasked to render police assistance shall have the discretion to employ
sufficient number of PNP uniformed personnel after taking into consideration the importance of the case, the
scope of the resistance to be encountered, if there is any, and the general peace and order condition in the
area. Unless a higher ranking Officer is necessary and more PNP personnel shall be required, the police team
that will render police assistance shall be led by a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO) with the rank of
Police Senior Inspector. All the team members shall be in prescribed uniform while rendering assistance.

Role of PNP Personnel Rendering Police Assistance

PNP personnel shall observe maximum tolerance and respect for individual rights at all times.
Dialogue with those who may be affected by the implementation of the decision/order/resolution is
encouraged to prevent violence, and the assistance of local public officials, when warranted, should be
requested. However, the Sheriff or the equivalent officer of quasi-judicial or administrative bodies shall have
the final disposition whether to proceed with the implementation of the decision/order/resolution or not. The
use of reasonable force shall only be resorted to for self-defense and defense of strangers. The role of the
PNP shall be limited to the maintenance of peace and order, crowd control, and the security of the Sheriff or
equivalent officer of quasi-judicial or administrative body. In no case shall PNP personnel participate in the
implementation of the decision/order/resolution by performing acts not herein mentioned, such as. but not
limited to, dismantling hauling of personal property and other analogous acts.

Police Assistance in the Implementation of Final Decisions orders or Resolutions of the COMELEC or
DILG or Local Government Unit Exercising Disciplinary Powers in Administrative Cases of Elected
Officials

Requirements for the Request for Police Assistance

The police assistance shall only be granted upon the written request of COMELEC or DILG,
accompanied with the original or authenticated copy of the final decision or order or resolution to be
implemented.

Period to Render Police Assistance

If the request for police assistance satisfies all the requirements and the clearance to render police
assistance is approved by the C, PNP the police assistance requested shall be rendered within three (3)
working days from receipt of the directive from the C, PNP or for a longer period when required by the
circumstances.

Extent of Police Assistance

The Special Task Group Commander tasked to render police assistance shall have the discretion to
employ sufficient number of PNP uniformed personnel after taking into consideration the scope off the
resistance to be encountered, if there is any, and the general peace and order condition in the area. Unless a
higher ranking Officer is necessary and more PNP personnel are required, the police team that will render
police assistance should be led by a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO) with the rank of Police Senior
Inspector. All members of the Special Task Group shall be in prescribed uniform when rendering police
assistance.
Role of PNP Personnel Rendering Police Assistance
The role of the PNP when rendering police assistance shall be limited to the maintenance of peace
and order, crowd control, and the security of the duly authorized officer of the COMELEC DILG or the

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Local Government Unit implementing the decision/order/resolution. In no case shall PNP members
participate in the implementation of the decision/order/resolution which shall he undertaken by the duly
authorized officer of the COMELEC or DILG or the Local Government Unit concerned. In performing their
role the PNP personnel shall at all times observe maximum tolerance and respect for human rights. The use
of reasonable force shall only be resorted to for self-defense and defense of strangers. Moreover the PNP
personnel shall always exercise utmost impartiality and neutrality in effecting its role. The duly authorized
officer of the COMELEC or DILG or the Local Government Unit personally leading the implementation of
the said decision/order/resolution shall have the final disposition whether to proceed or not with the
implementation of the decision/order/resolution.

Police Assistance in the Implementation of Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)

Coverage
a. Final Orders
a. Final Orders/Resolutions/ Decisions Issued by DAR
b. Order of Installation or Certificate of Land Ownership Award (CLOA)

b. Preliminary Agrarian Activities

a. Land survey
b. Field Investigation
c. Ocular Inspection
d. Meeting between actual and potential Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries
e. Post Installation
f. Landholding tagging
g. Analogous cases

Requirements in the Granting of Police Assistance

1. Police assistance in the implementation of final orders, decisions, resolutions or CLOAs issued DAR
shall be rendered only upon a written request submitted by the Agrarian Reform Officer or any
authorized Officer of DAR, accompanied with the original or authenticated copy of the final
decision, order or CLOA to be implemented. The request and its attachments, regardless of the place
of execution, shall be submitted to the Office of the Chief, PNP for his approval.
2. Police assistance during the conduct of preliminary agrarian activities as provided in Rule 30,1b shall
be rendered only upon written request submitted by the Agrarian Reform Officer or any authorized
Officer of DAR, accompanied with the original or authenticated copy of the Order issued for the
activity (if applicable). The request shall be submitted to the Office of the Regional Director of the
Police Regional Office having jurisdiction over the area of execution for his approval.

When to Render Police Assistance

Police assistance in the implementation of CARP shall be provided only as requested by DAR. In no
case shall the PNP action its own without the request and/or representative from DAR to prevent extending
police assistance in cases where same is not necessary.

Extent of Police Assistance

The head of office or unit tasked to render police assistance shall have the discretion to employ
sufficient number of PNP uniformed personnel after taking into consideration the scope of the resistance to
be encountered. If there is any, and the general peace and order condition in the area. Unless a higher ranking
Officer is necessary and more PNP personnel are required, the police team that will render police assistance
should be led by a Police Commissioned Officer (PCO) with the rank of Police Captain. All members of the
team shall be in prescribed uniform when rendering police assistance.

Role of PNP Personnel Rendering Police Assistance

The PNP personnel shall observe maximum tolerance and respect for individual rights at all times.
The use of reasonable force shall only be resorted to for self-defense and defense of strangers. Moreover, the
PNP personnel shall always exercise utmost impartiality and neutrality in effecting its role. The role of the
PNP when rendering police assistance shall be limited to the maintenance of peace and order, crowd control,
and the security of the duly authorized officer of the DAR. In no case shall PNP members participate in the
implementation of the decision/order resolution or in the conduct of any of the preliminary agrarian
activities, which shall be undertaken by the duly authorized officer of the DAR.
The duly authorized officer of the DAR leading the implementation of the
decision/order/resolution/CLOA or leading the conduct of the preliminary agrarian activity shall have the
final disposition whether to proceed or not with the implementation of the decision/order/resolution/CLOA
or conduct of the activity.

When Entry to the Property is Refused by the Landowner

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 When the DAR personnel are refused admittance into the property, the PNP without an order from
the DAR Specifically for the personnel cannot encroach on the property implementation of final orders or of
preliminary agrarian activities, the authority to break into a building shall be specifically provided resolution
or purpose. In the property or into in the request for police assistance. The authority to break out to liberate
themselves shall also be specifically provided.

Police Assistance in the Implementation of Decisions/Orders of the Court, Quasi-judicial or

Administrative Bodies that are Immediately Executory
This rule sets forth the procedure in the granting of police assistance in the implementation of
decisions/orders that are immediately executory like, but not limited to the following:
1. Temporary Restraining Order
2. Writ of Preliminary Injunction
3. Replevin
4. Writ of Preliminary Attachment
5. Receivership
6. Provisional Remedies under the Human Security Act
7. Temporary Protection Order under the Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act
8. Protection Order under the Anti-Child Pornography Act
9. Analogous cases

Where to File
Decisions/Orders issued by the court, quasi-judicial or administrative bodies that are immediately
executory shall be submitted to the Regional Director (RD) of the Police Regional Office (PRO) having
jurisdiction of the place where the decision/order shall be implemented. Given the urgency of the matter, the
RD, PRO shall be the approving authority. The request for police assistance, however, shall only be acted,
upon the submission of the written request of the Sheriff or equivalent officer in quasi-judicial or
administrative bodies, accompanied by the original or authenticated copy of the decision/order/writ sought to
be implemented.

Role of PNP Personnel Rendering Police Assistance

PNP personnel shall observe maximum tolerance and respect for individual rights at all times.
Dialogue with those who may be affected by the implementation of the decision/order/resolution is
encouraged to prevent violence, and the assistance of local public officials, when warranted, should be
requested. However, the Sheriff or the equivalent officer of quasi-judicial or administrative bodies shall have
the final disposition whether to proceed with the implementation of the decision/order/resolution ) or not.
The use of reasonable force shall only be resorted to for self-defense and defense of strangers.

HOSTAGE SITUATION/ BARRICADED SITUATIONS

Procedure to be followed in a Hostage Situation

The following steps shall be undertaken:
1. A Critical Incident Management Committee shall be activated immediately;
2. Incident scene shall be secured and isolated;
3. Identify and secure the stronghold;
4. As much as possible, ensure the control of communication lines, and cut-off all other lines
as well as electricity and water supply to allow for more bargaining;
5. Unauthorized persons shall not be allowed entry and exit to the incident scene;
6. Witnesses' names, addresses, and other information shall be recorded;
7. Witnesses shall be directed to a safe location;
8. Evacuate all victims/injured persons immediately when the opportunity permits;
9. The arrest of the perpetrator shall be the last paramount Concern; and
10. Conduct debriefing immediately after the conclusion of the incident.

Ground Commander/On-Scene Commander

There shall be only one Ground Commander/On-Scene Commander holding at least a senior rank
and/or one (1) with experience in hostage/crisis situation or relative training. Until such time that he
officially designates a spokesperson, he may issue appropriate press statements and continue to perform the
role of the spokesperson.

Negotiators/ Negotiation Team

Negotiators shall be designated by the Ground Commander. No one shall be allowed to talk to the
hostage taker without clearance from the negotiator or Ground Commander. The Negotiation Team is directly
under control and supervision of the On-Scene Commander. Negotiation team structure will be as follows:

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 1. Negotiation Team Leader (NTL)/Coordinator;
2. Primary Negotiator;
3. Secondary Negotiator;
4. Intelligence liaison/recorder; and
5. Board Negotiator.

Assault Team
An assault team shall be alerted for deployment in case the negotiation fails. Members of the assault
team shall wear authorized and easily recognizable uniform during the conduct of the operation.

Support Personnel
An ambulance with medical crew and a fire truck shall be detailed at the incident area.

Plans
The On-Scene Commander shall, upon the assessment of the situation, prepare necessary plans to
include but not limited to:
1. Emergency Response Plan - depends on the threat posed by the hostage-takers and need of the
Negotiation Team and On-Scene Commander.
2. Breakout Plan- possibility of breakout shall be considered immediately upon drawing up negotiation
strategy. This should be considered as one of the priority plans.
3. Delivery plan - in case the hostage-takers change plans in the middle of the execution.
4. Surrender plan- should be drawn up in a way that the hostages' lives will not be jeopardized.
5. Hostage Reception/ Release - for security reasons, released hostages should be contained and
isolated.
6. Collection plan - safety of the police personnel involved is the priority consideration.

Coordination
Proper coordination with all participating elements shall be done to consolidate efforts in solving the
crisis.

Safety of Hostage(s)
In negotiating for the release of a hostage, the safety of the hostage shall always be paramount.
Guidelines during Negotiations
1. Situation must be stabilized first and contained before the start of the negotiation.
2. All relevant tools and information that that can an strengthen a negotiator's position and create a
favorable climate for a successful negotiation must be e.g. facts relevant to the situation, financial
and non-financial terms, issues and concerns, etc.
3. Do not introduce outsiders (non-law enforcement officers) into the negotiation process, unless their
presence is extremely necessary in the solution of the crisis. If so introduced, they shall be properly
advised on the do's and don'ts of hostage negotiations.
4. A In case the negotiator breaks down or he/she finds himself/herself in a deadlock, it is
recommended to employ the service of a mediator.
5. Police officers without proper training shall not be allowed to participate in hostage negotiations.
6. Whatever the scale of an incident and the extent of resources deployed, it is essential that proper
liaison exist between Tactical/Assault Team, Technical Support Team and the Negotiation Team.
7. All activities on the scene, even the delivery of food to the stronghold, must have tactical
coordination with the NTL/Coordinator.

Negotiation through Mediator

1. The mediator will act as a referee, helping the negotiators resolve their differences.
2. The mediator must be well-versed about the issues in order to be able to eventually recommend an
effective solution.
3. The main object is to reconcile the object of the negotiator with that of the other party.

INVESTIGATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN(VAWC) AND

OTHER CASES OF CHILD ABUSE

Investigation of Complaints and Reports Involving All Forms of Violence against Women and Their
Children
The PNP Women and Children Protection Desks (WCPD) in Coordination with the Local Social
Welfare Development Office (LSWDO), shall conduct a timely, thorough and comprehensive investigation
of all cases involving violence against women and their children, Committed within their respective area of
responsibility, consistent with domestic laws, rules and regulations, and international human rights standards.
They shall observe the rules and procedures as provided in section Implementing Rules and Regulations of
RA 9262 (Anti- Women and Their Children Act of 2004).

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 "Children" refers to those below 48 of the Violence Against her care. eighteen (18) years, of age
or older but are incapable of taking care of t themselves as defined under Republic Act No. 7610. As used in
this rule, it includes the biological children of the victim woman and other children under her care.
1. Upon the receipt of complaint, the WCPD officer shall conduct appropriate investigation which
includes, but is not limited to, taking the formal statement of the victim survivor and collecting other
evidence necessary for the filing of the case under the Act;
2. Immediately after taking the essential elements of information during the course of investigation, the
WCPD officer shall refer the victim-survivor to the nearest PNP Crime Laboratory and/or hospital or
any medical facilities for appropriate medico-legal examination. It shall be the WCPD officer's duty
to ensure that as far as possible, the examining physician must be of the same gender as the victim-
survivor, especially in sexual violence cases;
3. Except in the case of a child who is a victim-survivor of the Act, by which other existing laws
require immediate presence of the unoffending parent or guardian and social worker, only persons
expressly authorized by the victim-survivor shall be allowed by the WCPD officer inside a room
where police investigation as well as the medical/physical examination are being conducted in
private;
4. Ensure the confidentiality of identity of the victim survivor and all other parties directly involved
with the case under investigation. For this purpose, the WCPD officer must maintain a separate
blotter on crimes committed under the Act. Under no circumstances shall any police officer allow
media access to information concerning VAWC reported to PNP;
5. After the conduct of police investigation, the WCPD officer shall refer the victim-survivor to the
social worker of the LGU, any available DSWD shelters, NGOS and other service providers for and
other service provider the psycho-social intervention and other rehabilitation programs;
6. The WCPD officer shall forward the investigation report, together with the relevant evidence,
including the formal statements of witnesses and result of medico-legal examination, to the
prosecutor for filing of appropriate criminal action under the Act;
7. If victim-survivor is found to have manifestations of the Battered Woman Syndrome which is
validated by past police records and testimonies from witnesses in interest, the WCPD officer shall
inform the Punong Barangay, the local social worker, or the concerned NGOs, local professional or
civic groups in the area for appropriate psychiatric and psychological evaluation which may form
part of the evidence to be presented in court;
8. Assist in the application and enforcement of the provisions of the protection order as may be issued
by the barangay or the court;
9. Respond, with the assistance of other police personnel, barangay officials, and other parties-in
interest, to a call for emergency assistance to ensure immediate protection of the victim-survivor by
entering the dwelling, if necessary, whether or not a protection order has been issued;
10. In case where the perpetrator is armed or in possession of deadly weapon in plain view, cause the
confiscation thereof with the assistance of other police personnel;
11. Effect the arrest of the perpetrator by virtue of a warrant issued by the court pursuant to existing
laws. In the event that any crime under the Act has been committed, is being committed or about to
be committed, or that any police officer has personal knowledge of the facts indicating the
commission of such time, it shall be his or her duty to arrest the perpetrator even without the strength
of a warrant, provided the offender shall be processed in accordance with Section 5, Rule 113 of the
Rules of Court;
12. Except when the victim-survivor is deemed more secure to stay in their place of residence, in which
case the perpetrator has been removed by virtue of protection order any the barangay or the court, the
WCPD officer or designated police officer shall provide assistance to help facilitate the transfer of
the victim survivor to a safe place of her Own choice, including the removal of some of the victim-
survivor's personal belongings;
13. Monitor and follow up any case in violation of the Act that has been filed in court. In this regard, the
WCPD officer must maintain a periodic assessment report of all cases reported to the police in
violation of the Act; and
14. Participate in multi-disciplinary mechanisms to help address the protection needs of the victim-
survivor of VAWC

Investigation of Complaints and Reports Involving Other Forms of Child Abuse

Police Officers, in coordination with the PNP Women and Children Protection Desks (WCPD) and
Local Social Welfare Development Office (LSWDO), shall conduct an investigation on all cases of child
abuse committed within their respective area of responsibility, consistent with domestic laws, rules and
regulations, and international human rights.
1. Police officers shall, upon receipt of a complaint or report or information that a child has been or is
being abused, maltreated, discriminated, exploited, neglected, or abandoned, or is under imminent
danger of being abused or exploited, shall take immediate action thereon, but under no circumstance
shall be beyond forty-eight (48) hours;
2. Police officers shall immediately coordinate with the WCPD and report the matter to the LSWNDO,
In situations where immediate rescue operations are necessary, the police officers and WCPD in

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 coordination with the LSWDO and other stakeholders shall prepare the corresponding rescue
operations plan;
3. The police officers, together with the WCPD, LSWDO and other stakeholders/authorities like the
Barangay or Municipal or City Health Officer, Barangay Officials in the place where the incident
occurred or is taking place, the Barangay Human Rights Action Officer or any officer of the
Commission on Human Rights (CHR) in or near the area of operation shall, without delay, proceed
to the place where the child-victim is located and execute the rescue operations plan;
4. Upon rescue of the child-victim, the law enforcers shall turn over the child-victim to the LSWDO for
protective custody:
5. The police officer, together with the LSWDO, shall ensure that the child-victim shall be immediately
taken to the nearest government medical center or hospital or clinic for physical and psychological
examination, treatment and/or confinement;
6. The police officer, in c0ordination with the LSWDO, shall gather the necessary/relevant and material
data and evidence to support the filing of appropriate charges before the Prosecutor's Office and trial
of the child-abuse case/s before the court;
7. The police officer shall ensure that the child-victim shall not be subjected or exposed to multi-
victimization in the course of investigation. Hence, the police officer shall see to it that the
interviews and statements of the victim shall be recorded and/or video-taped; and
8. Investigation of child abuse cases shall be assigned preferably to members of the Women and
Children Protection Desk (WCPD) or in their absence, the police officer of the same gender who has
appropriate training on child rights, and investigation and handling of child abuse cases.

Right to Privacy of the Child and Confidentiality of Records

The police officer shall at all times respect the right to privacy of the child and shall observe
confidentiality of information and records pertaining to child rights cases he investigated or is investigating,
from the beginning of the investigation and/or initial custody of the child-victim and at all times thereafter,
except when the release of any information about the child's case is pursuant to an order issued by a
competent court.

Procedure in the Rescue of Minors

a. Planning
All police operation regarding rescue of minors who are victims or subject of physical,
sexual, psychological abuse, exploitation, discrimination, negligence, and other forms of abuse shall
be properly planned, in coordination with stakeholders concerned. The plan shall be drawn and
discussed in a pre-conference with national and/or local authorities Such as: the Department of Social
Work and Development (DSWD) or the LSWDO, female Police Investigator, preferably from the
WCPD or one trained in the handling of investigation of child rights cases, the local police units,
police photographer, Public Attorneys' Office (PAO), barangay officials, City and Municipal
Licensing and Permit Division, the Department of Health or the City or Municipal Health Office,
Barangay Human Rights Action Officer or officer of the CHR and/or the DOLE. For this purpose, the
PNP shall activate a Rescue Team to be headed by officer/s of the WCPD, in coordination with
concerned national and/or local authorities mentioned above.

b. Rescue operations
1. All police officers participating in the rescue operations shall be in prescribed uniform. Should
circumstances require that certain police officer/s be in civilian clothes during the actual
operations, he must have the official identification card which he must show when required.
2. Upon arrival at the operation scene, the police officers shall properly introduce themselves and
inform the people in the area where the child-victim is located as to the purpose or their
operation.
3. Police officer shall not use force unless necessary under the circumstances. In circumstances
where reasonable force is allowed, the police officers/rescue team shall ensure and/or avoid
collateral damage or hitting innocent civilians within the vicinity of operations.
4. The child-victim shall be handled preferably by a police officer of the: same gender as the
victim, who has appropriate training on child rights, and in the investigation and handling of
child-abuse cases.

Procedure to be Observed in the Handling of Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL)

From the moment a child is taken into custody, the law enforcement officer shall:
1. Properly identify himself as police officer and present the proper identification to the child;
2. Explain to the child, in simple language and in the dialect that he can understand, the reason why he is
being taken into custody and the offense he allegedly committed;
3. Refrain from using vulgar or profane words and from sexually harassing or abusing, or making sexual
advances to the child in conflict with the law;

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4. Avoid displaying or using any fi rearm, weapon, handcuffs or instruments of force or restraint, unless
absolutely necessary and only after all other methods of control have been exhausted and have failed;
5. Refrain from subjecting the child in conflict with the law to greater restraint than is necessary for his
apprehension;
6. Avoid the use of unnecessary force;
7. Search on a child in conflict with the law shall only be done by a police officer of the same gender as the
child;
8. Determine the age of the child;
9. Take the child immediately to the proper medical and health officer for a thorough physical and mental
examination. The examination results shall be kept confidential, unless otherwise ordered by the Family
Court. Whenever medical treatment is required, steps shall be immediately undertaken to provide the
same;
10. Turn over custody of the child to the LSWD0 or other accredited NGOs immediately but not later than
eight (8) hours after apprehension and notify the child's parents/ guardians and the PAO of the child's
apprehension;
11. When the child is fifteen (15) years or below, he shall be immediately released to his parents or guardian
or nearest relative. However, if the child is above twelve (12) years of age up to fifteen (15) years of age
and commits serious crimes such as parricide, murder, infanticide, kidnapping and serious illegal
detention where the victim is killed or raped, robbery with or rape, destructive arson, rape, or carnapping
where the driver or occupant is killed or raped offenses under RA 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002) punishable by more than twelve (12) years of imprisonment, shall be deemed a
neglected child under PD 603, as amended, and shall be mandatorily placed in a special facility within
the youth care facility or "Bahay Pag-asa" called the Intensive Juvenile Intervention and Support Center
(UISC). (Sec 20-A of RA 10630)
12. A child who violated local ordinances concerning juvenile status offenses shall be considered as "child at
risk" and not as "child in conflict with the law'. Hence, no penalty shall be imposed on them for said
violations, and they shall be instead brought to their residence or to any barangay official at the barangay
hall to be released to the custody of their parents and appropriate intervention program will be provided.
(Sec 20-A of RA 10630)
13. Ensure that should detention of the child in conflict with the law be necessary, the child shall be secured
in quarters separate from that of the opposite sex and adult offenders. The child shall not be locked up in
a detention cell;
14. Take the statement of the child in the presence of:
a. The child's counsel of choice or in the absence thereof, a lawyer from the PAO;
b. The child's parents, guardian, or nearest relative, and
c. LSWDO;
15. In the absence of the child's parents, guardian, or nearest relative, and the LSWDO, the investigation
shall be conducted in the presence of an NGO, religious group, or member of the of Children (BCPC).
16. Ensure that all statements signed by the child during investigation shall be witnessed by the child's
parents or guardian, social worker, or legal counsel in attendance who the Barangay Council for the
Protection of shall affix his signature to the said statement;
17. Record the following in the initial investigation:
a. Whether handcuffs or of restraint or other instruments were used, and if so, the reason for such;
b. That the parents or guardians of a child, the DSWD, and the PAO have been duly informed of the
apprehension and the details thereof; and
c. The exhaustion of measures to determine the age of a child and the precise details of the physical
and medical examination or the failure to submit a child to such examination.

Guidelines
The police officer shall at all times ensure respect for the rights of the child in conflict with the law
as provided in the Philippine Constitution, domestic laws, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and
other related international human rights instruments.

Bomb, Bomb Threat and Bomb Incident Emergency Response Procedures

Bomb
A bomb is a container filled with explosive, incendiary material, smoke, gas, or other destructive
substance, designed to explode. It can appear obvious or concealed and can vary in size, shape or
sophistication and may not necessarily explode such as in the case of incendiary and dirty bombs. It may be
referred to Improvised Explosives Device (IED) or ordnance.

Bomb Threat
Bomb threat is either a written or verbal threat communicated through electronic, oral or other means
that threatens to place or use an IED at a certain time, date, or place against any specific person or place. The
First Responder (FR), the police investigator, and the police detective must remember the following basic
facts on bomb threat:

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 1. A threat is considered only a threat until something visible is found;
2. Determined bombers do not frequently give warnings of a possible explosion/incendiary attack;
3. Threats are an excellent way to disrupt productivity without actually risking life, limb and/or
property; and
4. The consequences of conviction for "threatening" are not necessarily as serious as those that could
result from actual placement/initiation of a bomb.

First Responder's Procedure on Bomb Threat

The following are the guidelines for FRS during a bomb threat:

a. Upon receipt of the information:

a. Treat all threats as serious until proven otherwise;
b. Determine the exact location of the establishment under threat;
c. Assess or analyze the threat whether it is a long term or a short term threat;
d. Consider evacuation options as follows:
1. Option 1 - Do Nothing
2. Option 2- Search with partial evacuation
3. Option 3 - Search and evacuation
4. Option 4 - Evacuate immediately
e. Alert Explosives Ordnance Demolition Team (EODT) for bomb search mission and
emergency readiness before going to the crime scene;
f. Proceed immediately to the scene; and.
g. Notify Higher Headquarters of any development.

b. Upon arrival at the scene:

1. Confirm the reported bomb threat and notify EODT on the need to conduct a bomb sweep;
2. Conduct or cause a search tur suspicious device/s together with persons familiar with the
location, and unless a bomb is found, personnel may not order an evacuation of the affected area,
but may inform the person in-charge of the property of the need to evacuate. The following
procedures shall be followed during evacuation:
a. Evacuation and assembly point routes must be searched to ensure that personnel are not
unnecessarily exposed to danger during the evacuation;
b. Designate a "safe" assembly area, well away from the threatened structure, out of line-of-
sight of the building and well clear of windows. A minimum distance of 150 meters is
recommended;
c. Never assemble personnel in front of or directly below glassed areas;
d. Advise employees and visitors to take their personal belongings to eliminate superfluous
"'suspicious objects" and to reduce the number of items to be "checked out"
e. Select safe and climatically acceptable assembly areas where evacuees may wait for a
considerable period;
f. Avoid car parks as assembly areas and be mindful of the car bomb potential;
g. Install procedures to ensure that escape routes are clear. Evacuation routes and assembly
areas must be searched before evacuation;
h. Install procedures to ensure windows and doors are left open and lights left on; and
i. Include a procedure for machinery shutdown. This can include plant and equipment,
electronics, computer equipment, securing files and correspondence.

3. If a suspected device is discovered, cause the evacuation of people in the affected area to a
distance of at least 300 meters away, and maintain security for the protection of life and
property:
a. Any discovered device shall be isolated;
b. Do not touch, tamper with or disarm any suspected bomb or IED;
c. Report discovery of suspected device;
d. Do not permit radio transmission within the premises/building;
e. Turn off all electricity and gas units within the premises/building;
f. Secure the area and prevent people from approaching;
g. Establish traffic control;
h. Summon ambulance and fire trucks to the scene:
i. Await the arrival of bomb disposal team; and
j. Notify Higher Headquarters of the situation.

First Responder's Procedure in Case of Actual Bomb Explosion

The following are guidelines for FRs during cases of actual bomb explosions:

a. Upon receipt of the report:

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 1) Identify exact location of the incident;
2) Alert EOD teams and direct them to proceed to the area;
3) Notify Higher Headquarters of the situation;
4) Request assistance of medical personnel; and
5) Proceed to the scene immediately.

b. Upon arrival at the scene:

1) Cause immediate evacuation of the injured;
2) Direct occupants of the establishment to evacuate;
3) Maintain order and control crowd;
4) Notify Higher Headquarters of the situation;
5) Seal off location until EOD Team determines if a secondary device exists;
6) Conduct rescue operations at the scene when necessary;
7) Initiate immediate investigation if investigators have not yet arrived and determine the
following:
a. Time of detonation/explosion;
b. Time when the call for bomb threat was received; and
c. Type of device.
8) Submit incident report immediately; and
9) Avoid issuing "'speculative" press releases or statements.

Procedures in Determining and Reporting of Terrorism Incidents/Cases

The Anti-Terrorism Council headed by the Executive Secretary as Chairman was mandated by law to
assume the responsibility for the proper and effective implementation of the anti-terrorism policy of the
country. The Philippine National Police, among other law enforcement agencies, serves as support agency for
the Council.

Procedures
a. The On-Scene Commander shall initially determine if there is a high degree of probability that the
incident is a terrorist attack. He also establishes the On-Scene Command Post and initiates the
convening of the Critical Incident Management Task Group (CIMTG) and the Critical Incident
Management Committee (CIMC) regardless of the nature of the attack.
b. In the event of a suspected terrorist attack, the PROs shall ensure the management and containment
of the incident and shall coordinate with the Task Force (TF) Sanglahi-Alpha Commander during the
development of the case.
c. Bombing attacks and explosions perpetrated by the terrorist, the Inter-Agency Protocol on
Explosives and Related Incidents investigation among the PNP, AFP, NBI and PCG shall be strictly
followed.
d. The Philippine Bomb Data Center (PBDC) will be the fusion center for the reporting of ERIS. As
such, PBDC will be furnished with all Post-Blast Investigation (PBI) and initial reports pertaining to
ERI.

Cybercrime Incident Response Procedure

Cybercrime Response is the actual police intervention in a Cybercrime incident where the acquisition
of matters of evidentiary value is traceable within the computer's hardware, software, and its network.

Guidelines for Cybercrime Incident First Responder

a. When responding to a cybercrime incident, or to a scene of the crime where computers (or electronic
device, digital media, and other similar devices) are present, it i is imperative for the First Responder
(FR) to be able to protect, seize and search the same and to be able to recognize potential evidence,
using the following questions as guidelines to determine its role in the commission of the crime:
1) Is it a contraband or fruit of a crime?
2) Is it a tool used for the commission of the crime?
3) Is it only incidental to the crime, i.e. being used to store evidence of the crime?
4) Is it both instrumental to the crime and a storage device for evidence?
b. After identifying the theories as to the role of the computer in the commission of the crime, the
following questions essential to any further police intervention should be considered by the first
responder;
1) Is there probable cause to seize the hardware?
2) Is there probable cause to seize the software?
3) Is there probable cause to seize the data?
4) Where will the search and seizure be conducted?
c. Search of computers (or electronic device, digital media, and other similar devices) and seizure of data
therefrom require a warrant issued by the court.
d. Appropriate collection techniques shall be used to preserve the data sought to be seized.

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 e. The evidence seized shall be s subjected to forensic examination by trained personnel. The result of the
forensic examination, as well as the testimony of the forensic expert, shall be made available during
the trial.

Search and Seizure of Computer

Upon determination of how the computer was utilized in the commission of the crime, and once the
legal requirements have been complied with, the following are the guidelines for the conduct of search and
seizure:

a. Secure the Scene

1) Officer's safety is always paramount.
2) Preserve the area for potential fingerprints.
3) Immediately restrict access to the computer.
4) Isolate from phone lines.

b. Secure the computer as evidence

1) If the computer is "OFF", do not turn it "ON".
2) If the computer is "ON", do not turn it "OFF" nor touch its mouse or its keyboard.

c. For stand-alone connection or single area connection computers (non-networked)

1) Consult a computer specialist.
2) If a specialist is not available:
a. Photograph screen and disconnect all power sources and plugs including those at the back of
the computer;
b. Place evidence tape over each drive slot;
c. Photograph (or make a diagram) and label parts located at the back of the computer including
its connections;
d. Label all connectors and cable end to allow reassembly as needed (Example: "Socket" marked
"A" and the "cable End" also marked "A);
e. If transport is required, pack the components as "fragile cargo" prior to transport;
f. Keep it away from magnets, radio transmitters, and from other hostile environment;
g. Ensure that only a computer forensic expert conducts the search for any evidence contained in
the computer hardware; and
h. Ensure that the computer hard disk is duplicated by the forensic expert and the original is kept
by the evidence custodian for future court presentation. Further search and analysis shall be
undertaken using only the imaged disk.

d. For Networked Computers (or business computers)

1) Consult a Computer Specialist for assistance.
2) Do not immediately pull the plug to prevent
a. Severe damage to the system;
b. Disrupting the legitimate business; and
c. Possible liability of the officers.

Guidelines in the Treatment of Other Electronic Data Storage Devices

The FR should understand that other electronic devices may Contain viable evidence associated with
the crime. The FR must ensure that, unless an emergency exists, the device should not be accessed. Should it
be necessary to access the device, the FR should ensure that all actions associated with the manipulation of
the device should be noted in order to document the chain of custody and ensure its admission as evidence in
court.

Search and Seizure of Wireless Telephones

Upon determination of how the wireless telephone device utilized in the commission of the crime,
and once the legal requirements have been complied with, the following are the guidelines for the conduct of
search and seizure:
a. If the device is "ON", do not turn it "OFF":
1. Turning it "OFF" could activate lockout feature.
2. Write down all information on display and, if possible, secure a photograph.
3. Power down prior to transport (bring all power supply cords found at the scene).

b. If the device is "OFF" leave it "OFF":

1. Turning it on could alter evidence in the device.
2. Upon seizure, take it to an expert as soon as possible, or contact local service provider.
3. Exert an effort to locate any instructions manual pertaining to the device.

Search and Seizure of Electronic Paging Devices

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 The FR should remember that search of stored data in an electronic paging device can be made only
when incidental to a lawful arrest, when consent has been given, and when a warrant has been issued.

Search and Seizure of Facsimile or Fax Machines

The FR should remember that, if the fax machine is "ON" powering it down may cause loss of the
last number dialed or other stored fax numbers. The FR should also remember that the header line should be
the same as the phone line, and that, if possible, all manuals should be seized along with the machine.

Search and Seizure of Caller ID Devices

a. The FR should be able to recognize potential evidence contained in caller ID devices such as
telephone numbers and subscriber's information from incoming phone calls.
b. The FR should remember that interruption of the power supply of the caller ID device may cause
loss of data if not protected by an internal battery back-up.
c. The FR must also make sure to document all stored data prior to seizure of the device, otherwise,
loss of data may occur. All seized electronic equipment shall be turned over to the Anti-
Cybercrime Group (ACG), and in the absence of ACG in the area, to the local Regional/Provincial
Crime Laboratory Office (R/PCLO).

Rules on Anti-Illegal Drugs Operations

General Policy and Guidelines

a. The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) was mandated by law to carry out the provisions
of RA 9165 (Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002), serve as the implementing arm of the
Dangerous Drugs Board, and be responsible for the efficient and effective enforcement of all the
provisions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided in
the Act
b. The PNP, however, still possesses the authority to consultant anti-illegal drug operations, Provided
that the case shall eventually be transferred to the PDEA based on the Supreme Court Decisions in
People of the Philippines vs. Sta Maria (GR No. 171019, February 23, 2007 and People of the
Philippines vs. Rashamia Hernandez et al., (GR No. 184804 June 18, 2009). PDEA deputation is no
longer necessary or required for PNP personnel assigned with anti-drug units.
c. The PNP is not prevented from conducting warrantless arrest under Section 5, Rule 113 and search
incident to a lawful arrest under Section 13, Rule 126 of the Rules of Court.

Coordination Requirements
a. PNP units, prior to any anti-drug operations shall, as far as practicable, coordinate with the PDEA;
b. In any case, the PNP anti-drug units shall coordinate/inform the PDEA of the anti-drug operation
within 24-hours from the time of the actual custody of the suspects or seizure of said drugs and
substances as well as paraphernalia and transport equipment used in illegal activities involving such
drugs and/or substances and shall regularly update the PDEA on the status of the cases involving the
said anti-drug operation. (Section 86(a) IRR of RA 9165)
c. The word "as far as practicable" means that the prior coordination with the PDEA may be done,
practiced or accomplished as maybe feasible and possible to be performed. Under the following
instances, prior coordination is validly dispensed:
1. In remote places where coordination is not possible
2. When coordination will compromise the lives of police operatives, informant and
witnesses, involved in anti-drug operation;
3. When coordination will prejudice the apprehension of drug suspects and confiscation of
dangerous drugs and CPECS;
4. When prior coordination will compromise the entire police operation (In the above
instances, post coordination shall be made in lieu of prior coordination)

Handling, Custody and Disposition of Evidence

a. In the handling, custody and disposition of evidence, the provision of Section 21, RA 9165 and its
IRR shall be strictly observed.
b. The apprehending officer/team having initial custody and control of the drugs shall, immediately
after seizure and confiscation, physically inventory and photograph the same in the presence of the
accused or the person/s from whom such items were confiscated and/or seized, or his/her
representative or counsel, a representative from the media and the Department of Justice (D0J),
and any elected public official who shall be required to sign the copies of the inventory and be
given a copy thereof.
c. The physical inventory and photograph shall be conducted to at the place where the search warrant
is served; or at the nearest police station or at the nearest office of the apprehending officer/team,
whichever is practicable, in case of warrantless seizures; Provided, that non-compliance with these
requirements under justifiable grounds, as long as the integrity and the evidentiary value of the

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 seized items are properly preserved by the apprehending officer/team, shall not render void and
invalid such seizures of and custody over said items.
d. Photographs of the pieces of evidence must be taken upon discovery without moving or altering its
position in the place where it was situated, kept or hidden, including the process of recording the
inventory and the weighing of dangerous drugs, and if possible under existing conditions, with the
registered weight of the evidence on the scale focused by the camera, in the presence of persons
required, as provided under Section 21, Art II, RA 9165.
e. The seizing officer must mark the evidence with his initials indicating therein the date, time and
place where the evidence was found and seized. The seizing officer shall secure and preserve the
evidence in a suitable evidence bag or in an appropriate container for further laboratory
examination.
f. Where the situation requires urgent action suspected drug evidence acquired may be field-tested"
using a drug test kit. If the result is positive this will be the basis of the seizure and the conduct of
further drug analysis.
g. Within twenty-four (24) hours upon confiscation/seizure of dangerous drugs, plant sources of
dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, as well as
instruments/paraphernalia and/or laboratory equipment, the same shall be submitted to the PNP
Crime Laboratory for laboratory examination and proper disposition.
h. Containers, packaging, equipment, etc., suspected of containing trace amounts of drugs including
controlled precursors and essential chemicals will be considered drug evidence and shall be
submitted for analysis.
i. In every negotiation operation, a “seizing officer” shall be designated who shall be responsible for
the inventory and initial custody of all drug and non-drug evidence during the anti-drug operations.
These will later be turned over to the investigation officer or any member of the apprehending
team, as the case maybe, or to the Crime Laboratory for laboratory examination and proper
disposition.
j. Cell phones, computers/laptops or any other electronic equipment or gadgets shall be properly
preserved for evidentiary purposes and technical exploitation.
k. A certification of the forensic laboratory examination results, which shall be done under oath by
the forensic laboratory examiner, shall be issued within twenty-four (24) hours after the receipt of
the subject item/s: Provided, that when the volume of the dangerous drugs, plant sources of
dangerous drugs, and controlled precursors and essential chemicals does not allow the completion
of testing within the time frame, a partial laboratory examination report shall be provisionally
issued stating therein the quantities of dangerous drugs still to be examined by the forensic that a
final certification shall forensic laboratory examination laboratory: Provided, however, be issued
on the completed fore on the same within the next twenty-four (24) hours.

Rules on Anti-Kidnapping Operations

The Anti-Kidnapping Group (AKG) is the PNP's lead unit in the conduct of anti-kidnappirg
operations which operates in close coordination with the local police units, other law enforcement agencies
and the community.

Types of Kidnapping
a. Kidnapping by Organized Crime Group/Criminal Group (with ransom)
b. Kidnapping by Threat Groups/Terrorists
c. Kidnapping by Other Individuals

Concept of Operation
a. Upon receipt of kidnapping incident report, the police officer shall make an incident
recording, deploy first responders and alert all concerned authorities/tasked groups like the
local territorial units, Criminal Investigation and Detection Group and the Anti-Kidnapping
Group (AKG).
b. Upon initial assessment of the type of kidnapping and upon confirmation that the kidnapping
incident is true, the case shall be referred to the AKG, other territorial units or to higher
authority
c. If the kidnapping was perpetrated by Organized Crime Group/Criminal Group (0CG/CG)
and with ransom demand, it shall be referred to the AKG for their initial action/operational
response.
d. If the kidnapping was perpetrated by Threat Groups/Terrorists, it shall be referred to the
higher authorities for the activation of AFP-PNP Joint Task Force, Critical Incident
Management Committee (CIMC) or Critical Incident Management Task Group (CIMTG):
local Chief Executive; and other concerned agencies.
e. If kidnapping was perpetrated by other individuals, it shall be referred to the concerned PNP
territorial units for appropriate operational response.

PNP Critical Incident Management Operational Procedure

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 As a matter of policy, human-induced (man-made) critical incidents are the responsibilities of the
National and Local Peace and Order Council (NPOC) while natural calamities and disasters are the
responsibilities of the National and Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC).
Lower level organizations of the NPOC and NDRRMC take cognizance of the responsibilities ascribed in
their national organization. The PNP, being at the forefront of crisis situations, must play an active role by
organizing its own Incident Management Committee (IMC) in support to the NPOC and NDRRMC.
The Secretary of the Interior and Local Government is designated as the Cabinet - Officer Primarily
Responsible (C-OPR) for threats to peace and order such as civil disturbance, violent labor strikes, riots,
anarchy, disorderly mass demonstrations, The SILG acts also as the Vice Chairman on Disaster Preparedness
NDRRMC.

Types of Incidents:
PNP incident management operations complement the Peace and Order Councils (POCs) - CMCS
and DRRMCS at all levels from the national, regional, provincial, city and municipal levels. The procedures
under this Rule shall be observed by all PNP Units/Offices with respect to their roles in addressing man-
made incidents and police responses to natural/disaster incidents.

a. Man-Made Incidents – In the event of man-made incidents, the PNP shall respond to two different
situations:
1. To manage an incident that could be resolved by the responding policemen without the
involvement of CMC (ex: hostage-taking of a father to his son);
2. To manage an incident that needs a CMC-directed operation that requires the implementation of
special tasks by one or more of the urgent services of the Philippine government (ex: raids or
attacks by lawless elements on a community causing significant impacts on the social, economic,
security, and political situation in the affected area). Both actions of the PNP in either situation
follow the ICS operational procedures.
b. Natural/ Disaster Incidents - In the event of natural/disaster incidents, the PNP shall act as the first
responder in the affected area in order to provide area security and support to the conduct of search and
rescue operations to be spearheaded by the area DRRRMCs. All actions of the PNP in addressing these
critical incidents are in support to the POC - CMCs and DRRMCS with common objectives of saving
lives and properties, resolution of the critical incidents at the earliest possible time, and restoration of
normalcy in the affected areas. Based on the new National Crisis Management Core Manual series of
2012, the National Crisis Management Framework provides a comprehensive approach to understanding
the components of a crisis the 5Ps of crisis management: Predict, Prevent, Prepare, Perform and Post-
Action and Assessment.

Five P’s of Crisis Management

The 5 Ps are executed in three phases - proactive (predict, prevent, prepare); reactive (perform); and
post conflict (post action and assessment).

Proactive Phase - is designed to predict or prevent the probability of occurrence of crises at the same time
prepare to handle them when such occur.

a. Predict - attempts to remove uncertainty from the future. The Predict component is undertaken through
Strategic, Operational and Tactical Situation Awareness (SA) processes. Strategic SA is producing
foresight and conveying strategic warnings through Horizon Scanning or Strategic Forecasting. It scans
the environment, identifying weak signals, drivers, inhibitors, wildcards, threats, hazards, risks,
opportunities and vulnerabilities, among others, develops foresight and conveys strategic warnings.
Operational and Tactical SA is producing detailed reports against a specified threat, describing the
operating environment where a threat or a crisis could emerge: the threat or the crisis itself, its potential
of becoming a crisis; and current efforts and capabilities of agencies/departments addressing the threat or
crisis.

b. Prevent - a deliberate action n aimed at avoiding future harm by addressing its causes. It is closely
related to mitigation incident cannot be prevented, but harmful consequences arising from it can be
minimized by precautionary measures. The he (2) preventive measures are: the first involves a long-term
strategy that is expected to yield effects over years, and, the other is operational in nature (e.g. target
hardening). Prevention capability is essentially physical security. It is the responsibility of government
security forces with the support of Barangay Peacekeeping Action Teams (BPATS). For man-made
incidents, it requires vigilance and alertness to signs and manifestations of suspicious looking
individuals: warning and alert systems have to be established to alert the population to minimize the
effects of terrorism attacks in terms of casualties and damages, active and passive security measures.

c. Prepare - essential for effective response. It covers six (6) essential activities: Plan, Organize, Train,
Equip, Exercise and Evaluate and Improve. Simulation and tabletop exercises evaluate the effectiveness
of preparations, bring out flaws and weaknesses and enable corrections and remedies to be effected, to

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 heighten levels of readiness of systems, procedures, organization, equipment and logistics, to better cope
with actual crisis.

Reactive Phase - is the institution of passive and active security measures, remedy or solution to
destabilizing factors or security flaws to such crisis, or emergency, vigilance and alertness to signs or
manifestations of developing crisis, or emergency and establishment of alert systems.

d. Perform - the actual implementation of contingency plans when a crisis occurs, despite the pro-active
measures undertaken. Once a crisis occurs, priorities shift from building or enhancing capabilities to
employing resources to save lives, protect property and environment, and preserve the social, economic
and political structure of the jurisdiction.

Post Conflict Phase- is the situation when the proactive and reactive phases were all done.

e. Post-Action and Assessment – a component which begins when the crisis has been addressed and the
situation is deemed clear. It is in this phase where the organization is returning to business as usual. Post
Action activities seek ways to evaluate and improve prevention, preparation and the actual execution.

Incident Command System (ICS)

The PNP's ICS, patterned under NCMCM's ICS is structured on six major functional areas:
Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, Finance/Administration and Intelligence/Investigation as an
optional sixth functional area that is activated on a case to case basis. Every level of the ICS has the
corresponding role to play in Critical Incident Management operations.

a. Incident Command/ Incident Commander (IC) – the person designated by the Chairman, CMC to
provide the overall supervision and management in handling incident response operations. He manages
the human and other resources necessary to address the crisis.
b. Command Staff (CS) - Provides technical advice to the IC and they are:
1) The Safety Officer (S0) - monitors safety conditions and develops measures for assuring the safety
of all assigned personnel.
2) The Public Information Officer (PIO) - serves the conduit for information to internal and external
stakeholders, including the other organizations seeking information directly from the incident or
event.
3) Liaison Officer (LO) – serves as the primary Contact for supporting agencies assisting at the
incident.
4) Negotiation Team (NT) - serves as the lead team in communicating/negotiating with the suspects or
perpetrators of the crisis incident (Negotiation Team will be included only when the critical incident
requires like during hostage incidents).
c. General Staff (GS) - provides planning and operations direction and supervision, resources procurement
and allocation, and support services. They are primarily
Composed of:
1) Operations/Plans Staff (OPS) – tasked with directing all actions to meet the incident objectives.
2) Intelligence and Investigation Staff (IIS) – tasked with the collection and display of incident
information, primarily consisting of the status of all resources and overall status of the incident.
3) Budget and Logistics Staff (BLS) - tasked with tracking incident related costs, personnel records,
requisitions, and administrating procurement contracts required by Logistics.
4) Administrative Staff (AS) - tasked with supervising all human resources and other administrative
services and support required by the incident.

Alert Levels During Human-Induced (Man-Made) Critical Incident

Appropriate man-made critical incident alert level shall be disseminated by DO to all concerned
offices through the PNP National Operations Center (NOC).
a. Level 1 (Low) - There is no information to suggest a specific man-made Critical Incident may occur.
b. Level 2 (Moderate) - Man-made Critical Incident is possible, but not likely.
c. Level 3 (High) -There is a strong possibility that manmade Critical Incident may occur within a
short period of time.
d. Level 4 (Extreme) - A man-made (Critical Incident has just occurred or has just been pre-empted; or
incidents are expected.

Stages in Disaster Management

a. Pre- Disaster Stage - Pro-active Assessment (Level 1 - Green):
When there are no disasters or calamities:
1. Conduct of Risk Mapping and identification of disaster-prone areas;
2. Identification of staging areas, evacuation routes and evacuation centers;
3. Conduct of disaster drills (earthquake, fire, etc.) simulation exercises and trainings;

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 4. Holding of regular Task Groups and Sub-Task Groups meeting together with respective levels of the
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils;
5. Capability enhancement (Manpower, Machines, Materials, Money and Methods);
6. Production and distribution of Information Education Campaign materials; and
7. Conduct of community organizational work for various purposes such as:
a. Sewerage clean-up;
b. De-clogging of water ways, canals, esteros;
c. Clearing of squatter shanties and unauthorized occupants in disaster prone areas; and
d. Other community mobilization activities.

b. Disaster Response Stage - Disaster Incident Management (Level 2 -Red):

When there is an official forecast of an incoming natural disaster in the country and when an
unexpected natural disaster suddenly occurs in the country:

1. Activation of Disaster Incident Management Task Groups in areas expected to be hit by the weather
disturbance twenty-four (24) hours prior to the expected landfall or occurrence;
2. Employment of alarm and warning systems as stipulated under DILG MC 2009-165, such as the use
of police sirens and other portable warning systems capable of producing loud wailing sound;
3. Activation of the PNP Disaster incident Management Committee;
4. Coordination with NDRRMC to support its disaster response;
5. Activation of PNP SCDM National Disaster Operations Center (NDOC) to be co-located at the
NHQ PNP National Operations Center;
6. Activation of Command Post by Task Groups whose area is hit by the disaster;
7. Forced relocation/pre-emptive evacuation of residents areas in flood-prone areas in coordination
with corresponding LDRRC; and
8. Conduct of timely and rapid disaster response according to the needs in the disaster/calamity area
such as search & rescue operation, evacuation & relief operation, emergency medical services, and
security & traffic management operation in support and coordination with NDRRMC.

c. Post-Disaster Stage - Support to Recovery and Rehabilitation Efforts (Level 3- White):

1. Get reports from concerned Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council the Damage
Assessment and Needs Analysis of the affected areas;
2. Deployment of relief personnel for relief operations;
3. Provide security and traffic assistance to returning evacuees;
4. Submit After Disaster Response Report to C, PNP copy furnished DRRMC: and
5. De activation of the PNP SCDM by the C, PNP through the Chairman/Task Coordinator, PNP
SCDM when the situation is already manageable in disaster-stricken area.

Organization and Structure of CIMC/CIMTG/ DIMTG

In accordance with Executive Order 320, as amended, NPOC has constituted Crisis Management
Committees (CMCs) at all levels specifically to take decisive action in emergency situations.

a. The Peace and Order Council (POC) Crisis Management Committee (CMC)
The Crisis Management Committee (CMC) is primarily concerned with the formulation of crisis
management procedures, integration and orchestration of government, military/police and public efforts
towards the prevention and control of crisis incidents. All actions and decisions taken by the CMC shall
be within the policies laid down by the corresponding Peace and Order Councils (PCOs).

b. THE PNP NHQ Critical Incident Management Committee (PNP NHQ CIMC)
In support to the mandates of CMCs, the PNP NHQ Shall organize its Critical Incident Management
Committee (PNP CIMC) with four (4) sub- committees namely: sub-committee on criminality, sub-
committee on destabilization/public disturbances, sub- committee on terrorism and sub- committee on
disasters. This Committee shall take cognizance of all human-induced (man-made) critical incidents at
the national level and shall supervise/oversee operations of concerned units and agencies to mitigate its
effects on the general populace. It shall be composed of TDCA as the Chairman, TDCO as the Vice-
Chairman with TDPRM, TDI, TDO, TDL, TDPL, TDC, TDIDM, TDHRDD, TDRD, TDICTM and
TDIPOs as Members of NHQ CIMC and C, NOC,DO as the Head Secretariat.
1. Sub-Committee on Criminality - shall take cognizance on act/s or omission/s against public
law/s which tends to prejudice the community and is punishable by the courts of justice. TDIDM
as Chairman, Deputy DIDM as Vice-Chairman with the following members: DIPO, DPCR, D0,
DI, DC, DL, CIDG, CL, IG, LS, HPG, MG, SAF, AvSeGrp, AKG, NOC, PIO, RD, PRO, Other
NSUS, and CMD, DIDM as the Secretariat.
2. Sub-Committee on Destabilization/ Public Disturbances - shall take cognizance on threats
posed by destabilizers which include military uprisings, demonstrations, rallies, sabotage of key
installations, etc., or a combination thereof, undertaken separately or jointly by anti-government
forces from the left and right of the political spectrum. These critical incidents, backed oftentimes
by disgruntled uniformed personnel and politicians with vested interest, are undertaken primarily

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 to undermine the present leadership, thereby rendering it unstable and incapable of effective
governance or Surviving with the end in view of averting the status quo to replace the government.
TDO as Chairman, Deputy DO as Vice-Chairman with the following members: DIPO, DPCR,
DPRM, DC, DL, DIDM, IG, CIDG, MG, CL HPG, LS, SAF, AvSeGrp, NOC, PIO, RDs PRO,
other NSUs and SOD, DO as the Secretariat.
3. Sub-Committee on Terrorism - shall take cognizance on acts punishable under any of the
following provisions of the Revised Penal Code: Article 122 (Piracy in general and Mutiny in the
High Seas or in the Philippine Waters); Article 134 (Rebellion or Insurrection); Article 134 (Coup
d'état) including acts committed by private persons; Article 248 (Murder) thereby sowing and
creating a condition of widespread and extraordinary fear and panic among the populace, in order
to coerce the government to give in to an unlawful demand. TDI as Chairman, Deputy, DI as Vice-
Chairman with the following members: DIPO, DC, DL, DPCR, DIDM, DO, SAF, HPG, MG, IG,
CIDG, CL, HS, AvSeGrp, LS, NOC, PIO, RD, PRO, other NSUs and IOD, DI as the Secretariat.
4. Sub-Committee on Disaster Management (PNP SCDM) - TDPCR as the Chairman/Task Force
Commander, Dep DPCR as the Deputy, Chairman and the following are the members: DPRM, DI,
DL, DPL, DC, DIDM, DHRDD, DRD, DICTM Other NSUs and Community Affairs Division
(CAD), DPCR as the Secretariat. The PNP shall organize Task Groups from the National Hqs
down to the City/Municipal Police Stations following the Incident Command System ICS
Structure: Critical Incident Management Task Group (CIMTG) to address human-induced
(manmade) incidents and Disaster Incident Management Task Group (DIMTG) to address disaster
incidents.

c. The Critical Incident Management Task Group

(CIMTG). To carry out the mandates of the PNP Critical Incident Management Committee (PNP
CIMC) on human-induced (man-made) incidents, Critical Incident Management Task GrOups
(CIMTGS) shall be organized and replicated at the PRO/NCRPO (Regional) level down to the
PPO/CPO; CPS/MPS (City/Municipal) level following the PNP's ICS structure.
The Incident Commander shall be designated by the Chairman, CMC and CIMTG to be
complemented by the officers of the Office/unit who has functional staff functions in the organization. At
the Regional/Provincial/City/Municipal level, the PNPs response to any crisis will be to activate CIMTG
for human-induced incident and DIMTG for natural disaster. The Regional Director/ Provincial/City
Director/ COP shall have the authority to activate the CIMTG or DIMTG.

The following are considered as human-induced critical incidents:

1. Incidents like abduction, involving prominent personalities such as national and local government
officials, foreign nationals (diplomats, ambassadors, consuls, attaches, foreign tourists), religious
leaders from various religious congregations, and other personalities whose involvement in
incidents may result in controversies;
2. Incidents involving national security such as attacks on vital installations, communities and
prominent personalities;
3. Jailbreaks;
4. Heinous crimes like assassination, ambush involving prominent personalities;
5. Robbery hold-up, armored van robbery, and bank robbery perpetrated by syndicated groups;
6. Election -Related Violent Incident (ERVI);
7. Surrender of enemy personalities and notorious criminals wanted by law;
8. Coup d'etat; and
9. Other similar man-made critical incidents that may result in human casualties and/or destruction of
properties. As applicable, the following shall be designated to handle the functional responsibilities
of the CIMTG depending on the level of its activation.
Incident Commander: DRDO/DDO/DPDO/DCDO/DCOPO
Deputy Incident: C. ROPD/C, DOPD/C, Commander OPB/ C, OPNS
Public Information Officer:
Unit C, PIO Liaison Officer:
PCR Officer Safety Officer: AC, ROPD/AC, DOPD/AC. OPB/ AC, OPNS
Operations /Plans Staff: C, ROPD/C, DOPD/C, OPB/ C. OPNS
Intel/Invest Staff: C, RID/ C, DID/C, PIIB/ CIIB/C, IIS
Budget And Logistics Staff: C, RLRDD/C, DLRDD/C, PLRDD/CLRDD/C, C/MLRDD
Admin Staff: C, RPHRDD/C, DPHRDD/C, PHRDD/ CHRDD/C, C/M HRDD

d. Disaster Incident Management Task Group (DIMTG)

A Disaster Incident Management Task Group shall also be established and shall serve as a special
operating task group of the PNP SCDM and assist the PRO Disaster Incident Management Task Groups
as the Chairman/Task Coordinator, PNP SCDM may direct. The NHQ PNP shall be composed of the
NSUs to be headed by the Director, PNP Special Action Force (PNP SAF) as Task Group Commander
with the Deputy Director of PCRG as the Deputy Task Group Commander. DIMTGS shall also be
activated at the PRO/PPO/CPO/CPS/MPS level depending on the affected area. As a matter of rule, a

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 Regional DIMTG shall be activated if two (2) or more Provinces/Cities are affected by disaster, a
Provincial

DIMTG shall be activated if two (2) or more municipalities are affected and a Municipal DIMTG shall
be activated if two (2) or more barangays are affected.
The following are considered natural disaster incidents:
1. Floods;
2. Landslides;
3. Volcanic Eruption;
4. Earthquake;
5. Tidal Wave;
6. Tsunami;
7. Typhoons;
8. Drought; and
9. Other natural hazards that may lead to colossal loss of property and lives.
As applicable, the following shall be designated to handle the functional responsibilities of the
DIMTG: Incident Commander: D, SAF/DRDA/DDA/DPDA/DCDA/ DCOPA Deputy Incident:
DEP IC- DD, PCRG/Commander DRD0/DPDO/DCDO/DCOPO
Public Information Officer: Unit C, PIO
Liaison Officer: DD, PCRG/C, RPCRD/C, P/CPCRB/C, C/MPCRS
Safety Officer: C, CAD, PCRG/C, IOB RPCRD/C, IOS P/CPCRB/C,
Operations/Plans Staff: DD, SAF/ C, ROPD/C, DOPD/C, P/C OPB/C, C/M
Budget And Logistics Staff: DD, LSS/ C, RLRDD/C, DLRDD/ C, P/C LRDB/C, C/M LRDS
Admin Staff: DD, DPRM /C, RPHRDD/C, DPHRDD/C, P/C, HRDD/C, C/M HRDD

Crisis Escalation Protocol

The responsibility of addressing crisis can be transferred during an incident if it grows beyond the
capability of the established CIMTG in handling the growing needs of the incident or if there is jurisdictional
change, when the incident moves location or area of responsibility. Whatever the reason, the transfer of
responsibility during crisis must always include transfer of command briefing which may be oral, written or
a combination of both that should be attended by the key members of the CIMC/CIMTG.

To attain a smooth transition of command responsibility, the table below shows the conditions or
situations in any crisis level that will be considered in the handover of responsibilities from local to national:

Involve CMC Conditions or Situations

Municipal/City
 Local PNP and CMC are in control of the situation
 Appropriate resources are available and capable at Municipal/City level

Provincial
 Local PNP at the Municipal/City level are unable to resolve the crisis within their capabilities
 Municipal/City CMC recommends elevation of the crisis level
 Situation requires employment of security forces and utilization of resources of the provincial level
organizations and beyond
 Incident affects two or more municipalities within the same province

Regional
 Situation requires employment of security forces and utilization of resources of the Regional level
organizations and beyond
 Upon the recommendation of the Provincial CMC
 Incident involves foreign nationals, either perpetrators or victims
 Crisis affects peace process, national tourism industry and other major industries

National
 Incident affects two or more region
 The highest terrorist threat level involving mass casualty attacks
 National issues are at stake such as food, water, energy security, critical transportation and
communication structure, and environment are threatened
 Upon recommendation of the Regional CMC

General Rules on Media Relations during Crisis

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 a. It is the responsibility of any Unit Head/Chief or Ground Commander to respond to queries
raised by the press, as well as decide on what media lines or press releases would be given
out to the media unless, he delegates this responsibility to the unit PIO or spokesperson.
b. No information regarding the incident shall be released without clearance from the Ground
Commander.
c. Ground Commander must designate/establish a media area for pooled coverage and ensure
safety of all media personnel covering the incident.
d. Media practitioners shall be confined to an area designated by the incident commander and
never, in the process of hostage-taking incident, be allowed to air live coverage of unfolding
event.
e. Suspect/s arrested for any violation of the law shall in no case be presented in a 'firing line'
to the media and must maintain a limit of disclosure.
f. In cases when information must be denied/withheld to the press, the basis for such shall be
fully and courteously explained.
g. Ranking officer at crime or incident scenes may provide factual information to the media
subject to the limitation by existing policies.
h. In cases of inter-agency operations, the department/agency with primary jurisdiction will
determine the dissemination of appropriate media lines.

PLANNING
Planning
- is defined as thinking about thinking about what we want the future to be, and thinking about to
do now to achieve it. Planning involves linking present actions as a management function
situation, making to future conditions.
- It is also defined concerned with visualizing future estimates concerning them, identifying the
issues, needs dangers points, analyzing and evaluating the alternative ways and means for
reaching desired goals according to a certain schedule, estimating the necessary funds and
resources to do the work, and initiating action in time to prepare what may be needed to cope
with changing conditions and contingent events.

Planning can be expected to:

1. Improve analysis of problems.
2. Provide better information for decision making.
3. Help to clarify goals, objectives and priorities. and potential
4. Result in more effective allocation of resources.
5. Improve inter and intradepartmental cooperation and coordination.
6. Improve the performance of programs.
7. Give the police department a clear sense of direction.
8. Provide the opportunity for greater public Support.
9. Increase the commitment of personnel.
Planning
- is the process of deciding in advance what is to be done and how it is to be done. Instead of
accepting the future, managers, by planning, may be able to affect that future. It is essentially an
intellectual process that is strongly influenced by how a manager thinks about his organization. One
way of thinking is based on a systems theory perspective in which the organization is considered to
be a system made up of interdependent components that work together to accomplish the aim of the
system understand the whole system.

There are two approaches to thinking in attempting to understand a system:

1. Analytical Approach – involves taking the system apart, trying to understand each part, then
using this knowledge to understand the whole system.
2. Synthetical Approach – considers organizational processes together to try to understand how
they relate to one another and to the environment in which the system functions.
 Creativity is an important part of planning. There are several different types of creativity:
 Imitation involves using plans, programs, methods, and so on, developed by others.
 Inductive Reasoning moves from the specific to the more general.
 Deductive Reasoning moves from the general to the specific.
 Idea Linking is often done through free association. Individuals participating in planning
are encouraged to identify any ideas, without limitations or inhibitions that might relate to
the problem or plan at hand. This may result in important, innovative solutions, particularly
when those involved come from different organizational levels and different backgrounds in
terms of experience and education. That is why planning should involve as many people as
possible.

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Police Planning – is an attempt by police administrators in trying to allocate anticipated resources to meet
anticipated service demands. It is the systematic and orderly determination of facts and events as basis for
policy formulation and decision affecting law enforcement management.

Operational Planning – is the use of rational design or pattern for all departmental undertaking rather than
relying on change in an operational environment. It is the preparation and development of procedures and
techniques in accomplishing of each of the primary tasks and functions of an organization.

Police Operational Planning – is the act of determining policies and guidelines for police activities and
operations and providing controls and safeguards for such activities and operations in the department. It may
also be the process of formulating coordinated sequence of methodical activities and allocation of resources
to the line units of the police organization for the attainment of the mandated objectives or goals.

Objectives
 are a specific commitment to achieve a measurable result within a specific period of time.

Goals
 are general statement of intention and typically with time horizon, or it is an achievable end be
measured and observed. Making choices about goals is one of the most important aspects of
planning.

Strategy
 is a broad design or method; or a plan to attain a stated goal or objectives.

Tactics
 are specific design, method or course of action to attain particular objective in consonance with
strategy.

Procedures
 are sequences of activities to reach a point or to attain what is desired. A policy is a product of
prudence or wisdom in the management of human affairs, or policy is a course of action which could
be a program of actions adopted by an individual, group, organization, or government, or the set of
principles on which they are based.

Guidelines
 are rules of action for the rank and file to show them how they are expected to obtain the desired
effect.

Strategic planning
 is a series of preliminary decisions on a framework, which in turn guides subsequent decisions that
generate the nature and direction of an organization. This is usually long range in nature.

The reasons for Strategic Planning are:

1. Vision - a vision of what a police department should be.
2. Long-range thinking - keeping in mind that strategy is deciding where we want to be
3. Strategic Focus
- Strategic Focus 1: Competence
- Strategic Focus 2: Organizational Development
- Strategic Focus 3: Discipline
- Strategic Focus 4: Excellence
- Strategic Focus 5: Professionalism
4. Congruence
5. A strategic response to change
6. Strategic framework

The Process of Strategic Planning

 TASK 1 - Develop Mission and Objectives
 TASK 2 - Diagnose Environmental Threats and Opportunities
 TASK 3 - Assess Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses
 TASK 4 - Generate Alternative Strategies
 TASK 5 - Develop Strategic Plan
 TASK 6 - Develop Tactical Plan
 TASK 7 - Assess Results of Strategic and Tactical Plan
 TASK 8 - Repeat Planning Process

In the process, the police administrator can use the potent tool of alternatives.

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Alternatives (options) are means by which goals and objectives can be attained. They maybe policies,
strategies or specific actions aimed at eliminating a problem. Alternatives do not have to be substitutes for
one another or should perform the same function. For example, our goal is to “improve officer-survival
skills.” The plan is to train the officers on militaristic and combat shooting. The alternatives could be:
 Alternative 1 - modify police vehicles
 Alternative 2 - issuing bulletproof vests
 Alternative 3 - utilizing computer assisted dispatch system
 Alternative 4 - increasing first-line supervision, etc

Objectives of Police Planning

1. To increase the chances of success by focusing on results and not so much on the objectives.
2. To force analytical thinking and evaluation of alternatives for better decisions.
3. To establish a framework for decision making consistent with the goal of the organization.
4. To orient people to action instead of reaction.
5. To modify the day-to-day style of operation to future management.
6. To provide decision making with flexibility.
7. To provide basis for measuring original accomplishments or individual performance.

Characteristics of Good Police Plan

1. With clearly defined Objective or Goals
2. Simplicity, Directness and Clarity
3. Flexibility
4. Possibility of Attainment
5. Must provide Standard of Operation
6. Economy in terms of Resources needed for implementation

The Guidelines in Planning

The five (5) W’s and one (1) H
1. What to do – mission/objective
2. Why to do – reason/philosophy
3. When to do – date/time
4. Where to do – place
5. Who will do – people involve
6. How to do – strategy

Responsibilities in Planning

Broad External Policy Planning

- Is the responsibility of the legislative branch of the government. The main concern of the police in
this broad external policy planning is assisting the legislative in their determining of police guideline
through the passage of appropriate laws or ordinances for the police to enforce.

Internal Policy Planning

- Is the responsibility of the C/PNP and other chiefs of the different units or headquarters within their
area of jurisdiction to achieve objectives or mission of the police organization. They are responsible
for planning, organizing, staffing, directing coordinating, controlling, reporting and budgeting for the
police organization within existing policies and available resources.

Police Planners
Executive Managers – are concerned about the vision of the organization, strategic planning, and long-
range and general plans. They are tend to spend more time on planning than those at other levels in the
organization because of the needs to prepare the organization to adapt to changing environmental conditions
and to balance and integrate diverse expectations about police activities and behavior. The failure of the
police organization is determined more by what supervisors do or not to do than any other person or position
in the organization.

Middle Managers (e.g., captains and lieutenants) – participate in all types of plans and provide both general
and specific plan implementation. They are particularly concerned with operational plans. They are probably
the most critical persons in determining the success or failure of a plan. They need to make adjustments that
become necessary when the plan is implemented because it is difficult to anticipate all possible
contingencies. The police develop another approach to solving problems when they see that the approach to
solving a problem as planned is less effective.

Supervisors – oversee the day-to-day activities of officers as they implement plans. They can also play a key
role in gathering data concerning plan efficiency and effectiveness and in making suggestions as to how
plans can be changed. Supervisors, as a result of their daily interaction with operational personnel and first-

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hand observation of community problems, may be the most important persons in the organization in
proposing new theories and hypotheses concerning police activities and behavior. The success or failure of
the police organization is determined more by what supervisors do or do not do than any other person or
position in the organization.

Patrol Officers and Investigators – in police departments in which there is widespread employee
participation, not only participate in the planning but also provide feedback concerning plan efficiency and
effectiveness. In some community policing programs, officers have the responsibility for managing members
of the community, and even employees of other organizations, in responding to problems. This managerial
role requires that officers engage in all four functions of management: developing plans, organizing
community members, providing leadership by motivating and supervising citizens, and evaluating and
controlling.

Considerations in Police Planning

1. Primary Doctrines
Fundamental Doctrines - These are the basic principles in planning, organization and management of
the PNP in support of the overall pursuits of the PNP Vision, Mission and strategic action plan of the
attainment of the national objectives.

Operational Doctrines - These are the principles and rules governing the planning, organization and
direction and employment of the PNP forces in the accomplishment of basic security operational mission
in the maintenance of peace and order, crime prevention and suppression, internal security and public
safety operation.

Functional Doctrines - These provide guidance for specialized activities of the PNP in the broad field of
interest such as personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, planning, etc.

2. Secondary Doctrines
Complimentary Doctrines - Formulated jointly by two or more bureaus in order to effect a certain
operation with regard to public safety and peace and order. These essentially involve the participation of
the other bureaus of the of Jail and Management and Penology (BJMP), Bureau of Fire and Protection
(BFP), Philippine National Public Safety College (PPSC), National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) and
other law enforcement agencies.

Ethical Doctrines - These define the fundamental principles governing the rules of conduct, attitude,
behavior and ethical norm of PNP.

3. The Principles of Police Organization

These principles are considered in police planning in order not to violate them but rather for the effective
and efficient development of police plans.

Principles of Police Organization

a. Homogeneity – the work should be apportioned among the various individuals and units
according to some logical plan.
b. Delineation of Responsibility – Lines of authority and responsibility should be made as definite
and direct as possible.
c. Span of Control – there is a limit to the number of subordinates who can be supervised
effectively by one officer, and this limit seldom should be exceeded.
d. Unity of Command - subordinates should be under the direct control of only one supervisor.
e. Delegation of Responsibility – Responsibility cannot be placed without the delegation of
commensurate authority, and authority should not be delegated to a person without holding
him/her accountable for its use.
f. Coordination – the efforts of the organizational units and of their component members must be
coordinated so that all will be directed harmoniously toward the accomplishment of the police
purpose. The components thus coordinated will enable the organization to function as a well-
integrated unit.

4. The Four (4) Primal conditions of the Police Organization

a. Authority - The right to exercise, to decide, and to command by virtue of rank and position.
b. Doctrine - It provides for the organization objectives. It provides the various actions. Hence,
policies, procedures, rules and regulations of the organization are based on the statement of
doctrines.
c. Cooperation or Coordination
d. Discipline - It is imposed by command or self-restraint to insure supportive behavior.

Factors affecting Police Planning

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1. Condition - a consideration of political atmosphere, public opinion; ideological aspirations: peace and
order; national/community ethics, behavior and discipline in the area where the plan will be
implemented.
2. Time - It is the period available to establish plan before putting it into effort. Consider the time of
execution/implementation, the time interval and time allowed for the revisions and modifications of plan.
3. Resources Available - Allocation of manpower, money and materials
4. Skills and Attitudes of Management - Refers to the level of experiences of the personnel who are
involved in the preparation of the plan and those who will execute the plan. Applicability of good
management principles shall be exploited.
5. Social and Political Environment - Refers to social and political practices, which will be affected b the
plan or plan affecting these practices, beliefs and norms of society.
6. Physical Facilities - Refers to machinery, instrument or tools in the attainment of the goals of the plan. A
certain system or structural designs in order to meet expected results.
7. Collection and Analysis of Data - Ready sources and basis of good decision-making by the makers of
the plan may be properly obtain through research and other means of information gathering techniques.

Police Planning Approaches:

1. Synoptic Planning or Rational Comprehensive Approach
Is the dominant traditional approach in planning. It is also the point of departure for most of the other
planning approaches. This model is based on the problem-oriented approach to planning especially
appropriate for police agencies. It relies heavily on the problem identification and analysis of the
planning process. It can assist police administrators in formulating goals and priorities in terms that are
focused on specific problems and solutions that often confront law enforcement.

2. Incremental Planning
Incremental planners conclude that long-range and comprehensive planning are not only too difficult
but inherently bad. The problems are seen as too difficult when they are grouped together and easier to
solve when they are taken one at a time and broken down into gradual adjustments over time.

3. Transactive Planning
Is carried out in face-to-face interactions with people who will be affected by the plan and not to an
anonymous target community of beneficiaries. Techniques include field surveys and interpersonal
dialogue marked by a process of mutual learning.

4. Advocacy Planning
Is usually associated with defending the interests of the weak -the poor and politically impotent, for
example - against the strong. The beneficial aspects of this approach include a greater sensitivity to the
unintended and negative side effects of plans.

5. Radical Planning
Has two mainstreams that sometimes flow together: the first mainstream involves collective actions
to achieve concrete results in the immediate future. The second mainstream is critical of large-scale
social processes and how they permeate the character of social and economic life at all levels, which in
turn determine the structure and evolution of social problems.

6. Systematic Planning
Is sometimes called Traditional planning. It identifies a rational step-by-step process that can be used
to develop all types of plans.

7. The SARA process.

There is a specific planning process associated with problem solving. This process, referred to as
SARA, has four steps:

a. Scanning – is a process in which planners and managers look for problems in the department,
including the performance of individual officers and in the community. For example, the inability to
achieve an objective might be indicative that something is wrong with the objective, the person or
persons charged with accomplishing it, the resources available, or the procedures used.
b. Analysis – once a problem has been identified, additional data about the problem are gathered and
analyzed. In addition, information can be obtained from victims or complainants, personal
observations, discussions with other officers, interviews with individuals and at community meeting,
and existing departmental records like arrest reports and any previous crime analysis that has been
conducted.
c. Response – may involve other government agencies, private organizations and businesses or private
individuals. The response can focus on the offender, the victim, the environment or all three.
Offenders can be arrested and prosecuted, or discouraged in other ways from committing crimes.
Potential victims can be encouraged to change their behaviour and response to criminal incidents
through crime prevention programs and training in self-defense. The characteristics of a particular

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 area or building can also be altered to make criminal incidents less likely. Lighting can be improved,
abandoned cars can be towed away, and residents can be encouraged to be more alert.
d. Assessment – Discovering the impact of the response is the evaluation phase of the SARA process.
Were the goals and objectives achieved? What went right and what went wrong? What were the
reactions of the citizens and the officers involved? The assessment process usually involves the
following:
1. Comparing statistics relative to the problem before, during and after the response.
2. Comparing attitudes of those involved before and after the response.
3. Checking with complainants to determine their changing attitudes.
4. Maintaining contact with other groups that are involved to determine their reactions.
5. Continuing to monitor the area and its problems.

Types of Plans
1. Reactive plans – are developed as a result of a crisis. A particular problem may occur for which the
department has no plan and must quickly develop one, sometimes without careful preparation.
2. Proactive plans – are developed in anticipation of problems. Though not all police problems are
predictable, many are and it is possible for a police department to prepare responses in advance.
3. Visionary plans – are essential statements that identify the role of the police in the community and a
future condition to which the department can aspire. A vision my also include a statement of values to be
used to guide the decision-making process in the department.
4. Strategic plans – are designed to meet the long-range, overall goals of the organization. Such plans
allow the department to adapt to anticipated changes or develop a new philosophy or model of policing.
One of its most important aspects is to focus on external environmental factors that affect the goals and
objectives of the department and how they will be achieved. Important environmental factors include
personnel needs, population trends, technological innovations, business trends and demands, crime
problems and community attitudes.
5. Operational plans – are designed to meet the specific tasks required to implement strategic plans. They
are the work programs of the line units (patrol, investigation and traffic) as established by an analysis of
the need for services.
6. Management or administrative plans – include formulation of the department's mission statement,
goals, and policies; the structuring of functions, authority and responsibilities; the allocation of
resources; personnel management; and other concerns whose character is that they are prevalent
throughout the entire agency. An administrative plan is usually expressed in a general order.
7. Procedural plans – in line with many but certainly not all management plans, are ordinarily included as
part of a police department's written directive system, a copy of which is assigned to every officer and is
updated periodically.
8. Tactical plans – involve planning for emergencies a specific nature at known locations. Included in this
category are plans for dealing with attacks against government, military or police offices by lawless
elements. Plans shall likewise be made to deal with possible jail break, demonstrations, special
community events like athletic competitions, parades, religious activities, and the like.
9. Extra office plans – are plans made to organize the community to assist in the accomplishment of
objectives in the fields of crime prevention, traffic control and juvenile delinquency prevention.
Community organizations shall assist in coordinating community effort, promoting public support and
combating crimes. Plans utilizing community organizations shall be prepared for civil defense in case of
war or emergency in coordination with the office of Civil Defense.

Classifications of Police Plans

a. According to coverage – Police plans could be classified as local (police stations and provincial
police offices), regional and national.
b. According to time
1. Strategic or long-range plan - it relates to plans which are strategic or long range in
application and it determines the organization's original goals and strategies.
2. Intermediate or medium-range plan - it relates to plans which determine quantity and
quality of efforts and accomplishments. It refers to the process of determining the
contribution of efforts that can make or provide allocated resources.
3. Operational or short-range plan - it is a plan which determines the schedule of special
activities and is applicable for one week or less than a year. It addresses specific immediate
needs and shows how it can be accomplished on time with available allocated resources.

Steps in Police Operational Planning

1. Frame of Reference – this is based on the careful view of the matters relating to the situation for
which plans are being developed. Opinions or ideas of persons who may speak with authority on the
subjects and views of police commanders, other government officials and other professionals are
considered.
2. Clarifying the problems – this calls for understanding the problem, and identifying the possible
solutions. A situation must exist for which something must and can be done.

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 3. Collecting all pertinent facts – a plan could only be developed if all pertinent facts have been
carefully reviewed to determine the modus operandi, suspects, types of victims, and such other
information as may be necessary. Facts relating to such matters as availability, deployment and the
use of available personnel shall be gathered.
4. Developing the facts – a careful analysis and evaluation on all gathered data shall be made. This
provides the basis from which plans evolve. Only relevant facts are considered.
5. Developing alternative plans – in the initial phase of the plan development, several alternative
measures shall appear to be Comparable to logically the needs of a situation. As the alternative
solutions are evaluated, one of the proposed plans shall prove more logical than the others.
6. Selecting the most appropriate alternative - a careful consideration of all facts usually leads to the
selection of the best alternative solution.
7. Selling the plans – a plan, to be effectively carried out, must be accepted by the persons concerned
at the appropriate level of the plan’s development. As the planning develops, there may be a need to
involve or consult other personnel of the police unit.
8. Arranging for the execution of the plan – the execution of a plan requires the issuance of orders
and directives to units and personnel concerned, the establishment of a schedule, and the provision of
manpower and equipment for carrying out the plan. Briefings shall be held with the assurance that all
involved personnel understood when, how and what is to be done.
9. Evaluating the effectiveness of the plan – the result of the plan shall be determined. This is
necessary to know whether the correct alternative was chosen, whether the plan was correct, which
phase was poorly implemented, and whether additional planning may be necessary. Also, the effects
of the executed plan or other operations and on the total police operations shall be determined.
Follow-up is the control factor essential for effective command management.

CRIME MAPPING

Crime Mapping
describes the use of geographic information to identify and analyze crime and police data. Before
the 1990s, “crime mapping” referred to any method of geographic analysis, even those that involved
pushpins, colored dots, and paper maps. Now, however, “crime mapping” usually means the specific use of
computerized geographic information systems (GIS).

Types of Crime Mapping

1. Single Symbol Mapping
 Uses individual symbols to represent point, line, and polygon features.
 Allows for a detailed analysis of small amounts of data.

Example: Too Much Data

Example: Tabular Data

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Example: Geographic Data

Example: Geographic Data

2. Buffers
 A buffer is a zone of a specified (defined) distance around a feature.
 Points, lines, and polygons can be buffered.
 Buffers are useful for proximity analysis and can be designated at one or many intervals (e.g.,
500 feet, 1,000 feet, 1 mile).
 Buffers help in crime analysis by illustrating the relative distances between features on a map.
The example map below, which could be used to show whether drug arrests were made within
500 feet of the bus stop.

Buffers: Point Example

3. Chart Mapping
 A chart map allows for the display of the values of many data attributes at once with either a pie
or a bar chart.
 The mapping program takes the values for numerous variables and displays them in a pie or a
bar chart on the designated location on the map.

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Chart Mapping: Pie Chart Example

Chart Mapping: Bar Chart Example

4. Graduated Size Mapping

 Data are summarized so that symbols (point or line features) are altered in size to reflect the
frequencies in the data.
 Reflect more incidents at a given location with a larger symbol or a thicker line.

Graduated Size Point Mapping Example

5. Graduated Color Mapping

 Point, line, or polygon features are shaded according to a statistical formula, custom setting, or
unique value. Also called choropleth mapping.
 Most Commonly Used: Unique Value, Natural Breaks (default), Custom.
 Others: Quantile, Equal Area, Equal Interval, Standard Deviation.

Points Shaded by Unique Value: Geographic Data

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Points Shaded by Unique Value: Geographic Data

Points Shaded by Unique Value: Tabular Data

6. Density Mapping
 In density mapping, analysts use point data to shade surfaces that are not limited to area
boundaries. In their most basic form, density maps are shaded according to the concentration
of incidents in particular areas. In the map below, the darker colors represent areas in which
the incidents are more concentrated, and the lighter colors represent those in which the incidents
are less concentrated.

7. Interactive Crime Mapping

 Rather than a type of mapping, the term interactive crime mapping refers to simplified
geographic information systems made available to novice users over the Internet. Many
police departments have interactive Web sites where citizens and police officers can conduct
basic crime mapping themselves. These applications typically are not flexible or sophisticated
enough to be useful to crime analysts.

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