The Title should be in Sentence-case (Capitalize First Letter of

Every Noun), Bold, Times New Roman, Font 14, Aligned Center,
Five Space from Top Margin and should Follow Inverted
Pyramid Format

A Research Paper in Junior/Senior High

Department submitted as partial fulfillment of the
requirements in Subject Description

Full Name 1
Full Name 2
Full Name 3
Researchers

Name of Research Adviser(s), (LPT, MAEd, Ph. D.)

Designation (Secondary School Teacher - III)
Adviser

Month, Year

i
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This research attached hereto, titled “TITLE IN UPPERCASE”, prepared and

submitted by NAME IN UPPERCASE* as his/her partial requirement for Practical
Research 2**.

Adviser

Approved as his/her research project for Practical Research 2** by the School
Research Committee.

Head, Ethics Review Head, Instrument Validation Review

Head, Plagiarism & Authenticity Review Head, Technical Review

Co-chairman, School Research Committee Chairman, School Research Committee

Accepted as his/her research project for Practical Research 2** by the School

Principal.

Date School Principal IV

*for group research, write the name of the team leader, et. al. (example: JUAN P. DELA CRUZ, et. al.)
**can be changed based on the requiring subject/agency

ii
 ABSTRACT

A good abstract is accurate, non-evaluative, coherent and readable, and concise (APA 6th
Edition). The research abstract is counted as page ii (lowercase Roman numeral) with a
running head or abbreviated title. The word abstract should be in upper letters centered at
the top of the page in bold format. The justified abstract should be a single paragraph
without paragraph indention. The abstract is a brief summary of the research study,
totaling from 150 to 250 words. It should be written in past tense when referring to the
conduct of the study (e.g. “Results showed that...”, “The participants of the study were
composed of...”); but in present tense when referring to ideas, concepts or implications
derived from the research study (e.g. The findings imply that...”). Consider writing the
abstract after the paper has been completed. Abstract should contain the following:
Keywords (maybe 3 to 4 keywords after the abstract); one sentence statement of the
problem or research question; brief description of the subjects or participants (identify
how many and any relevant characteristics); brief description of the research methods and
procedures; basic findings/report of the results, including effect, sizes, and confidence
interval and/or statistical significance levels; and conclusions and implications or
applications.

Keywords: Abstract, Research, Writing guide

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This is an optional section. The word ACKNOWLEDGMENT should be written

in bold, uppercase and at the center. The justified paragraph should express the student’s

gratitude and appreciation for all the assistance made and given by special individuals,

institution, organization etc. that are not mentioned in the research paper but have made

an important contribution to the student’s research study. This section contains

paragraphs with single indention. Pagination below should be iii with a condensed form

of the title at the upper-right corner same format with the previous pages. Double spacing

with no space before and after the paragraph.

iv
 DEDICATION

This is an optional section. It should be one-page dedication and the word

DEDICATION need not appear on the page, the text should be centered. The page

contains the names of people special to the researcher, e.g family, friends, other closed

relatives, who inspired and helped the researcher to finish and complete his/her research

paper. Pagination below should be iv with a condensed form of the title at the upper-right

corner same format with the previous pages. Double spacing with no space before and

after the paragraph.

J. Dela Cruz

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page …………………………………………………………….. i

Approval Sheet.............................................................................................ii
Abstract ………………………………………………………………. iii
Acknowledgments (optional) ..………………………………………. iv
Dedication (optional) ………………………………………………… v
Table of Contents …………………………………………………….. vi
List of Tables …………………………………………………………. vii
List of Figures...............................................................................................viii
List of Appendices........................................................................................ix

Chapter 1. THE PROBLEM & ITS BACKGROUND.............................1

1.1 Introduction..................................................................................1
1.2 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework.............................................4
1.3 Statement of the Problem (and hypotheses if applicable)............5
1.4 Significance of the Study.............................................................6
1.5 Scope and Delimitation of the Study ……………………… 7
1.6 Definition of Terms ……………………………………….. 8

Chapter 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE..............................9

Chapter 3. RESEARCH METHODS.........................................................10

3.1 Research Design...........................................................................10
3.2 Participants of the Study ………………………………….. 11
3.3 Setting of the Study ……………………………………….. 12
3.4 Research Instrument ………………………………………. 13
3.5 Data Gathering Procedure............................................................14
3.6 Data Analysis ……………………………………………… 15

Chapter 4. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS &

INTERPRETATION OF DATA..............................................16

Chapter 5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS &

RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................17

References.....................................................................................................18
Appendix.......................................................................................................19
Curriculum Vitae.........................................................................................20
vi
 LIST OF TABLES

Tables Table Title Page

3.2.1 Distribution of Samples per Stratum among Grade 12 Students 11

of Agusan del Sur National High School

3.6.1 Likert Scale for Mean Analysis 15

4.1.1 Table Name 16

4.1.2 Table Name 17

4.1.3. Table Name 18

The example above shows that the table number is written in the first column,

followed by the Table Title in upper and lower case, and the page is written in the

third column. The List of Table is applicable only for at least 5 tables existing in the

manuscript. Single space, and each entry should be separated by one vertical space.

vii
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Figure Title Page

1 Conceptual Framework 4

2 Theoretical Framework 5

3 Map of Agusan del Sur 7

4 Figure Title 8

5 Figure Title 9

The example above shows that the figure number is written in the first column,

followed by the Figure Title in upper and lower case, and the page is written in the third

column. The List of Figures is applicable only for at least 5 figures existing in the

manuscript. Single space, and each entry should be separated by one vertical space.

viii
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Appendix Title Page

A Research Instrument 20

B Validation Tool for Research Instrument 21

C Letter to the Principal 22

D Letter to the Respondents 23

E Curriculum Vitae 24

The example above shows that the appendix letter is written in the first column,

followed by the Appendix Title in upper and lower case, and the page is written in the

third column. Single space, and each entry should be separated by one vertical space.

ix
 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

A good Introduction follows an inverted pyramid of writing the background of

the study. The first paragraph defines the issue/problem/subject of the study. The first

paragraph also contains the global or broad perspective. You can cite authors or

situations from the different published sources. Do not forget to write the author and the

date the material was published by enclosing them inside the parenthesis (Dela Cruz,

2010). If you don’t want to use the parenthesis to cite the source, you may also directly

state the source. Example, “According to Dela Cruz in 2010,…or According to Dela

Cruz (2010)”.

The next section contains the national perspective of your research. Begin with a

phrase or sentence that will maintain the coherence of your composition. Example, In the

Philippines”.

The following paragraph(s) contain/s the local perspective of your research. You

may narrow down from the national perspective in the second paragraph, to regional,

then provincial, lastly to your specific locale. Example, “In the Municipality of San

Francisco, one of the municipalities of Caraga,… or In Agusan del Sur National High

School, one of the secondary schools in Agusan del Sur,… ”.

1
 Wrapping all the situations from global, national, and local perspectives, state the

necessity of conducting your research. Make sure that the reader will be convinced on the

importance of your research by the well-established prepositions in the first, second, and

third paragraphs. You may also add paragraphs, but always make sure that the last

paragraph is for the importance of conducting the study in your chosen locale.

1.2 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Erase the word “Conceptual” above if you are establishing a research based on the

existing theory or theories, or erase the word “Theoretical” if you are establishing your

research from a construct and not from existing theories. In the first sentence of the first

paragraph, state the main objective of conducting your research. You need also to discuss

the theory or concept where you anchored your study. The discussion should be at the

context of your study and not on the mere definition of the theory. Layout your

diagram below this paragraph which represents your Theoretical/Conceptual

Framework.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

2
 Below the diagram is the paragraph which discusses your own concept about your

plan in conducting the research. Remember that the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework is

the background of your study. Explain each variable of your diagram or figure above,

including some important processes that you will involve. You may use polygons and/or

arrows for your diagram. The diagram is usually the “Figure 1” in your study. You may

begin with, “The figure above shows”.

(Note: You may have a separate section for Conceptual and Theoretical Framework)

1.3 Statement of the Problem

Begin by stating the main or general objective (in declarative form) of the study

in one to two sentences followed by the specific problems (in interrogative form). Make

sure that your specific problems are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-

bounded. Example of main objective, “This study aims to develop a research manual that

will be the basis for teachers and students in writing research manuscript. Specifically the

study sought to answer the following questions:

1. Specific Problem 1

2. Specific Problem 1

Null/Alternative Hypothesis (may vary)

Based on the problems above, the following null/alternative hypotheses are made:

Ho1/Ha1: Null/Alternative Hypothesis 1

3
 Ho2/Ha2: Null/Alternative Hypothesis 1

(Note: Null/Alternative Hypothesis section can only be written based on the nature of

your research problems)

1.4 Significance of the Study

The first paragraph states the general significance of the study or the purpose of

conducting the study. You may establish a paragraph by thinking what or who will

benefit the conclusions of your study. After the paragraph, enumerate the persons and

discuss the specifics on how can they be benefitted. You may state this way, “Moreover,

this study is beneficial to the following:”.

Students. This manual will scaffold students on how to put research into

writing. This will provide them with technical guide, both in content and physical

appearance, in research writing.

Research Teachers. They will use the developed manual for

instructional purposes to sync research content to the developed school research

manual.

Other Researches. (Construct at the context of your study)

1.5 Scope and Limitation of the Study

This section discusses the perimeter of the study such as the time frame, place

where the study will be conducted, the variables involved, and limitations. The first

4
paragraph should discuss about the 3Ws, starting with: where the study will be

conducted; then what is the timeframe; and who are the people involved or subject of

interest.

The second paragraph begins with main objective of the study and the variables

under study to attain the research objective. After enumerating the variables, emphasize

that other factor that may intervene the results are not under study. Example “Other

factors not stated in this section are beyond the scope of this study”.

1.6 Definition of Terms

Term 1 - terms should be in sentence case, bold, and flash left. Definitions should be

defined conceptually or operationally. Terms should be arranged

alphabetically.

Moringa oleifera - terms in scientific name should have the same formatting as

mentioned above but the term should be italicized. If definition is long, the

proceeding lines should be indented once to emphasize the term being defined.

5
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Related Literature

Chapter 2 can be written by citing first the “2.1 Related Literature” followed by

the “2.2 Related Study” section. Each of the citation should be arranged also in

chronological manner. Texts gathered from varied sources should not be copied directly

to avoid plagiarism. They should be rephrased and sources should be labeled based on

the APA 6th edition format. (Dela Cruz, 2018)

“If there are statements or direct quotation that you want to include in your

Chapter 2, do not revise the statement. Instead, write it directly in an inclosing

quotation mark, and indent the entire statement. After the statement, write the

source.” (Makiling, 2018)

2.2 Related Study

In this section, you will write findings from related studies that might be

important in substantiating your findings in Chapter 4. Like the Related Literature

section, arrange your citation chronologically or arrange them by topic. Source or

citation should be in APA 6th edition (Rizal, 2018).

The last paragraph of your Chapter 2 should contain the summary of your entire

readings including the gap or the necessity of conducting your study.

6
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODS

3.1 Research Design

The first sentence of this section states the research design whether experimental,

correlational, descriptive, quantitative, qualitative or combination, historical, etc. which

you are using in your study. This will be followed by sentences that will support your

chosen research design. You may do this by explaining why you chose this design or by

explaining what procedure or instrument you are using for this design.

3.2 Participants/Subject of the Study

Choose “Participants of the Study” if you are gathering data from human beings,

use “Subject of the Study” if you are gathering data from non-human biological beings,

phenomenon, or non-animate things. In this section, you will explain the respondents or

participants of the study, and provide reasons of your choice. You will then write the

sampling procedure that you employed in this study and its method of identifying the

samples. If you are using Probabilistic Sampling (Simple Random Sampling, Stratified

Random Sampling, Cluster Sampling, etc.), state the formula and the margin of error that

you will consider in identifying the samples. If you are using Non-probabilistic Sampling

7
(Purposive Sampling, Snowball Sampling, etc.), discuss the criteria that you considered

in choosing your samples or respondents.

The next paragraph tells the table showing the sample distribution below (except

for Non-probabilistic Sampling). Label it as “Table 3.2.1”.

Table 3.2.1
Distribution of strata per section in Grade 12 students
Section Population per section Sample Sample (Pilot testing)
Section 1 15 males 8 males 2 males
16 females 8 females 2 females
Section 2 20 males 10 males 3 males
6 females 3 females 1 female
Section 3 5 males 2 males 1 males
22 females 11 females 3 females
Total 40 males 20 males 6 males
44 females 22 females 6 females
(example of table using Stratified Random Sampling)

3.3 Setting of the Study

Write the place or locale where you are going to conduct your study and explain

the reason why you chose this setting. Insert map if necessary, the map should be labeled

”Figure 3.3.1”.

8
3.4 Research Instrument

Begin by discussing what type of instrument you are using, and describe the

contents of this instrument and what data can be extracted using this instrument. Indicate

whether you designed it or adopted it. Do not forget to mention the source for instruments

that were adopted. Discuss also the validation procedures and the reliability of your

instrument.

3.5 Data Gathering Procedure

The first paragraph talks about the preliminary procedures done by the researchers

before gathering the data. This includes the preparation and distribution of intent letters

to the different concerned offices/agencies.

The second paragraph discusses the mining of data using the instruments

developed and/or adopted to the target respondents. You should be able to enumerate the

procedures from setting the respondents, distribution of materials up to the retrieval of

instrument.

The last paragraph indicates the proper handling of data extracted from the

respondents by keeping the data anonymous and/or confidential.

3.6 Data Analysis

This section discusses the statistical tools and data analysis techniques employed

in your study.

9
 Mean. Begin enumerating by indenting once the paragraph and write the

statistical tool you are using (example above is “Mean”). It should be in sentence case

and in bold format. The following sentences will then discuss the tool at the context of

your study. Meaning you should not define the statistical tool, rather discuss it in

context.

t-test. If there are plenty of statistical tools that should be discussed, enumerate

them one by one and discuss them at the context of your study.

(Note: You may also include tables that will show how you will analyze your data

e.g. Likert-scale, etc.)

Table 3.2.1
Four-point Likert Scale
Point Scale Description Qualifying Statement
4 3.28 - 4.00 Strongly Agree The students always exhibit research vigor.
3 2.52 - 3.27 Agree The students oftentimes exhibit research vigor.
2 1.76 - 2.51 Disagree The students sometimes exhibit research vigor.
1 1.00 - 1.75 Strongly Disagree The students never exhibit research vigor.
(Example of table used in data analysis)

10
 Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

4.1 Perception of high school students on the developed research manual.

Table 4.1.1
Perception of high school students on the usability of the developed research manual
Provisions sd x Description
1. Statement 1 0.12 3.94 Strongly Agree
2. Statement 2 0.20 3.50 Strongly Agree
3. Statement 3 0.23 3.20 Agree
4. Statement 4 0.12 2.90 Agree
5. Statement 5 0.15 4.00 Strongly Agree
General Weighted Mean Strongly Agree

Table 4.1.1 shows the format of the table in Chapter 4 which is similar to the table

formats in the previous chapters. The table number is in sentence case and bold format.

Example above is “Table 4.1.1”. The next line will be the name of the table in sentence

case. The table number and table name have a single spacing with no space after the

paragraph. The first paragraph is the interpretation of data. You may do this by

grouping all similar results (example: The table above shows that items number 1, 2,

and 5 are strongly agree with mean scores 3.94, 3.50 and 4.00, respectively. This means

that the students find the research manual very easy to use.), you may also interpret the

data by

11
citing only the highest three and highest low, especially if you have a long list of items or

provisions.

The second paragraph is the discussion of the interpreted results. You may do this

by revisiting your Chapter 2 for related phenomenon that may explain the similarity of

your findings. Example: “The students find the research manual very easy to use because

examples on how to write the specific sections in the research paper are present. This is

because examples provide concrete reference and elaboration of a concept as mentioned

by Dela Cruz (2018)”.

4.1 Types of research design used by Grade 12 students in S.Y. 2017-2018

12%

13%
41%

34%

Descriptive-evaluative Research Design

Completely Randomized Experimental Design
Pre-experimental, Pre-test Post-test Design
Descriptive-registration Method
Figure 2. Types of research design used by Grade 12 students in S.Y. 2017-2018

12
 Presentations of data using graphs or analytics should be in 2D, colored, no

shadows or other unnecessary picture formatting, and with labels in Times New Roman,

size 12, color black or white. The figure title, unlike with the table title, should be found

below the figure. It should be written in sentence case. The figure number should be a

counting continuation with the previous figure (example: Figure 1, Figure 2,… and so

on). Interpretation of data should be emphasized in the first paragraph.

Discussion of the data should be in the second paragraph. This can be done

by citing related literature, studies, or phenomena, with corresponding citation or

source related to your findings.

Reminder, subsection in this chapter like “4.1 Perception of high school

students on the developed research manual” is a declarative form of your research

questions in chapter 1. If you have five problems, then you should have five subsections

in chapter 4.

13
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Summary

See to it that the summary of findings is presented in a concise/brief manner.

First, write the general objective of your study followed by a short description of your

research method (research design, sampling technique, and data analysis) that will be

caried out to attain or to answer your main question.

Findings

The following findings are obtained based on the analysis and interpretation of

data.

1. Findings, in sentence case, should be written in bold right after the summary. It has

no section number since it is a part of the summary. The title will then be followed

by a short introductory sentence such as “The following findings are obtained based

on the analysis and interpretation of data”.

2. Findings are the results of your analysis in chapter 4. Each finding should be in order

based on how you presented them in the previous chapter. You should not repeat

what you have written in the previous chapter. Instead, rephrase each of them in

direct, clear, and concise sentence(s).

3. Each finding should be numbered, sentence case, flash left.

14
5.2 Conclusions

Based on the findings above, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. Keep in mind that in drawing conclusions it should be based on the results/findings

of your study (i.e. given one or two or more findings for research problem number

one, what conclusion/s can you derive).

2. Conclusions are not just repeating your findings but abstractions of the summary of

findings.

3. Numerical values (e.g. mean, standard deviation, t value, F ratio, etc.) should no

longer be reported in this chapter since they have already been presented in the

previous chapter.

4. See to it that your conclusions are tied to the research questions of your study.

5. Like the findings, each conclusion should be numbered, sentence case, and flash left.

The conclusion section should begin with a short introductory sentence. Example

“Based on the findings above, the following conclusions are drawn:”.

5.3 Recommendations

As synthesized from the findings and conclusions, the following

recommendations were made:

1. Like the findings and conclusions, recommendations should be numbered,

sentence case, and flash left. The recommendation section should begin with a

short

15
 introductory sentence. Example “As synthesized from the findings and conclusions,

the following recommendations were made:”.

2. Aside from recommendations, you can also give the implications or possible

applications of the results of your study.

3. You can also suggest future research possibilities vis-a-vis research you conducted.

16
 REFERENCES

(Books, Reference Books, and Book Chapters)

(For an entire book, use the following reference formats:)
Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from

http://www.xxxxxxx

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication)). Title of work. doi (digital object

identifier):xxxxx Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of Publication). Title of work. Location:

Publisher.

(For a chapter in a book or entry in a reference book, use the following formats:)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, &
C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1993). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor
(Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxx

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, &
C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx)

(Reference book)
VendenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.

(Periodicals
Periodicals include items published on a regular basis such as journals, magazines,
newspapers, and newsletters. General reference form:)
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
xx, pp-pp. doi:xx,xxxxxxxxxx

(Journal Articles, General Format:)

Author, A.A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2004). Title of article. Title of Journal,
volume, page-numbers.

(Note: Bold sentences inside the parentheses are not part of the
“REFERENCES” section.)

17
Belecina, R. R. (2008). Portfolio as an alternative assessment: Effects on problem –
solving performance, critical thinking, and attitude in mathematics. The Normal
Lights, 4, 54 – 81.

Mercado, E. P., & De Mesa, T. E. (2008). On the spot behavior intervention techniques
applied to common behavior problems manifested by children with special needs.
The Normal Lights, 4, 221 – 247.

(Magazine article)
Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008, May). Enhancing worker
well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research on
work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.

(Online magazine article)

Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of
research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/
monitor/

(Newspaper article)
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The
Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.

(Online newspaper article)

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York
Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

(Doctoral Dissertations and Master’s Theses

For a doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis available from a database service, use
the following reference template:)
Author, A. A. (2003). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis (Doctoral
dissertation or master’s thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or
Order No.)

(For an unpublished dissertation or thesis, use the following template:)

Author, A. A. (1978). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis (Unpublished
doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Name of Institution, Location.

(Note: Bold sentences inside the parentheses are not part of the
“REFERENCES” section.)

18
(Master’s thesis, from a commercial database)
McNeil, D. S. (2006). Meaning through narrative: A personal narrative discussing
growing up with an alcoholic mother (Master’s thesis). Available from ProQuest
Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1434728)

(Doctoral dissertation, from an institutional database)

Adams, R. J. (1973). Building a foundation for evaluation of instruction in higher
education and continuing education (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://
www.ohiolink.edu/etd/

(Doctoral dissertation, from the web)

Bruckman, A. (1997). MOOSE Crossing: Construction, community, and learning in a
networked virtual world for kids (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology). Retrieved from http://www- static.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/thesis/

(Doctoral dissertation, abstracted in DAI)

Appelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture
amplification, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation
Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.

(Video)
American Psychological Association (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to
patient expressions of sexual attraction [DVD]. Available from http://
www.apa.org/videos/

(Music Recording)
lang, k. d. (2008). Shadow and the frame. On Watershed [CD]. New York, NY:
Nonesuch Records.

(Measurement instrument)
Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., & Heatherington, L. (2002). E-SOFTA: System for
observing family therapy alliances [Software and training videos]. Unpublished
instrument. Retrieved from http://www.softa-soatif.com/

th
(Note: For other reference style and format see APA Manual 6 ed.)
(Note: Bold sentences inside the parentheses are not part of the
“REFERENCES” section.)

19
 APPENDIX A

Curriculum Vitae

This section is for the necessary attachments like additional instrument/s (e.g. test/

s, survey instrument/s, interview schedule, observation guide, etc.) letter/s of request,

instructions and other supplementary tools you used in the study. You may also include

additional information that might be lengthy to include in your main paper.

In this section, the APPENDIX X, should be written in bold, centered, and in

UPPER CASE. A CAPITAL LETTER should follow after the word APPENDIX to

indicate the succession. Below the title is the appendix description. Example, “Letter of

Permission to the School Principal”. The appendix description should be centered with

first letters of every noun, adjective, and verb are CAPITALIZED.

Below are some attachments that should be included in the appendices.

• Letters (e.g. Letter of Intent, Letter of Permission, etc.)

• Research Instruments (e.g. Questionnaires, checklist, etc)

• Interview Guides and Schedules

• Observation Guide/Talligrams or Tally sheets/Laboratory Results

• Validation Rubric

• Intel ISEF Forms

• Curriculum Vitae of the Validators

20
 APPENDIX B

Curriculum Vitae of the Validators (format)

Name:

Designation:

Length of Service: (if applicable)

Doctor’s Degree:

Master’s Degree:

Baccalaureate Degree:

Address:

Email/Contact Number:

21
 The Title should be in Sentence-case (Capitalize First Letter of
Every Noun), Bold, Times New Roman, Font 14, Aligned Center,
Five Spaces from Top Margin and should Follow Inverted
Pyramid Format (Scientific name, italicized)

A Research Paper in Junior/Senior High

Department submitted as partial fulfillment of the
requirements in Subject Description

Full Name 1
Full Name 2
Full Name 3
Researchers

Name of Research Adviser(s), (LPT, MAEd, Ph. D.)

Designation (Secondary School Teacher - III)
Adviser

Month, Year

22
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This research attached hereto, titled “TITLE IN UPPERCASE”, prepared and

submitted by NAME IN UPPERCASE* as his/her partial requirement for Practical
Research 2**.

Adviser

Approved as his/her research project for Practical Research 2** by the School
Research Committee.

Head, Ethics Review Head, Instrument Validation Review

Head, Plagiarism & Authenticity Review Head, Technical Review

Co-chairman, School Research Committee Chairman, School Research Committee

Accepted as his/her research project for Practical Research 2** by the School

Principal.

Date School Principal IV

*for group research, write the name of the team leader, et. al. (example: JUAN P. DELA CRUZ, et. al.)
**can be changed based on the requiring subject/agency

23
 ABSTRACT

A good abstract is accurate, non-evaluative, coherent and readable, and concise (APA 6th
Edition). The research abstract is counted as page ii (lowercase Roman numeral) with a
running head or abbreviated title. The word abstract should be in upper letters centered at
the top of the page in bold format. The justified abstract should be a single paragraph
without paragraph indention. The abstract is a brief summary of the research study,
totaling from 150 to 250 words. It should be written in past tense when referring to the
conduct of the study (e.g. “Results showed that...”, “The participants of the study were
composed of...”); but in present tense when referring to ideas, concepts or implications
derived from the research study (e.g. The findings imply that...”). Consider writing the
abstract after the paper has been completed. Abstract should contain the following:
Keywords (maybe 3 to 4 keywords after the abstract); one sentence statement of the
problem or research question; brief description of the subjects or participants (identify
how many and any relevant characteristics); brief description of the research methods and
procedures; basic findings/report of the results, including effect, sizes, and confidence
interval and/or statistical significance levels; and conclusions and implications or
applications.

Keywords: Abstract, Research, Writing guide

24
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This is an optional section. The word ACKNOWLEDGMENT should be written

in bold, uppercase and at the center. The justified paragraph should express the student’s

gratitude and appreciation for all the assistance made and given by special individuals,

institution, organization etc. that are not mentioned in the research paper but have made

an important contribution to the student’s research study. This section contains

paragraphs with single indention. Pagination below should be iii with a condensed form

of the title at the upper-right corner same format with the previous pages. Double spacing

with no space before and after the paragraph.

25
 DEDICATION

This is an optional section. It should be one-page dedication and the word

DEDICATION need not appear on the page, the text should be centered. The page

contains the names of people special to the researcher, e.g family, friends, other closed

relatives, who inspired and helped the researcher to finish and complete his/her research

paper. Pagination below should be iv with a condensed form of the title at the upper-right

corner same format with the previous pages. Double spacing with no space before and

after the paragraph.

J. Dela Cruz

26
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page …………………………………………………………….. i

Approval Sheet.............................................................................................ii
Abstract ………………………………………………………………. iii
Acknowledgments (optional) ..………………………………………. iv
Dedication (optional) ………………………………………………… v
Table of Contents …………………………………………………….. vi
List of Tables …………………………………………………………. vii
List of Figures...............................................................................................viii
List of Appendices........................................................................................ix

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................31
1.1 Background of the Study ………………………………….. 31
1.2 Research Objectives.....................................................................32
1.3 Research Problem …………………………………………. 32
1.4 Research Hypothesis....................................................................33
1.5 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework.............................................34
1.6 Scope and Limitations …………………………………….. 34
1.7 Significance of the Study.............................................................35
1.8 Definition of Key Terms..............................................................35
1.9 Review of Related Literature.......................................................36

Chapter 2. RESEARCH METHODS.........................................................38

2.1 List of Materials...........................................................................38
3.2 Research Design...........................................................................38
3.3 Procedure/Methods.......................................................................39

Chapter 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...............................................40

Chapter 4. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS &

RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................43

References.....................................................................................................46
Appendix.......................................................................................................49
Curriculum Vitae.........................................................................................49

27
 LIST OF TABLES

Tables Table Title Page

3.2.1 Distribution of Samples per Stratum among Grade 12 Students 11

of Agusan del Sur National High School

3.6.1 Likert Scale for Mean Analysis 15

4.1.1 Table Name 16

4.1.2 Table Name 17

4.1.3. Table Name 18

The example above shows that the table number is written in the first column,

followed by the Table Title in upper and lower case, and the page is written in the

third column. The List of Table is applicable only for at least 5 tables existing in the

manuscript. Single space, and each entry should be separated by one vertical space.

28
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Figure Title Page

1 Conceptual Framework 4

2 Theoretical Framework 5

3 Map of Agusan del Sur 7

4 Figure Title 8

5 Figure Title 9

The example above shows that the figure number is written in the first column,

followed by the Figure Title in upper and lower case, and the page is written in the third

column. The List of Figures is applicable only for at least 5 figures existing in the

manuscript. Single space, and each entry should be separated by one vertical space.

29
 LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Appendix Title Page

A Research Instrument 20

B Validation Tool for Research Instrument 21

C Letter to the Principal 22

D Letter to the Respondents 23

E Curriculum Vitae 24

The example above shows that the appendix letter is written in the first column,

followed by the Appendix Title in upper and lower case, and the page is written in the

third column. Single space, and each entry should be separated by one vertical space.

30
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

A good Background of the Study follows an inverted pyramid of writing the

background of the study. The first paragraph defines the issue/problem/subject of the

study. The first paragraph also contains the global or broad perspective. You can cite

authors or situations from the different published sources. Do not forget to write the

author and the date the material was published by enclosing them inside the parenthesis

(Dela Cruz, 2010). If you don’t want to use the parenthesis to cite the source, you may

also directly state the source. Example, “According to Dela Cruz in 2010,…or According

to Dela Cruz (2010)”.

The next section contains the national perspective of your research. Begin with a

phrase or sentence that will maintain the coherence of your composition. Example, In the

Philippines”.

The following paragraph(s) contain/s the local perspective of your research. You

may narrow down from the national perspective in the second paragraph, to regional,

then provincial, lastly to your specific locale. Example, “In the Municipality of San

Francisco, one of the municipalities of Caraga,… or In Agusan del Sur National High

School, one of the secondary schools in Agusan del Sur,… ”.

31
 Wrapping all the situations from global, national, and local perspectives, state the

necessity of conducting your research. Make sure that the reader will be convinced on the

importance of your research by the well-established prepositions in the first, second, and

third paragraphs. You may also add paragraphs, but always make sure that the last

paragraph is for the importance of conducting the study in your chosen locale.

1.2 Research Objectives

Begin by stating the main or general objective (in declarative form) of the study in

one to two sentences followed by the specific objectives (in declarative form). Make sure

that your specific objectives are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-

bounded. Example of main objective, “The main objective of this study is to isolate

bacteria from Filipinas Palm Oil Plantation Incorporated (FPPI) of Rosario, Agusan del

Sur potential for the production of industrial enzymes lipase for oil spill treatment.

Specifically, this study aims to:”

1. Specific objective 1 (begin with a verb in present tense)

2. Specific objective 2 (begin with a verb in present tense)

1.3 Research Problem

Following the same format as above (except the provisions in this section is in

interrogative form), an example could be “The main problem of this study is to isolate

bacteria from Filipinas Palm Oil Plantation Incorporated (FPPI) of Rosario, Agusan

del
32
Sur potential for the production of industrial enzymes lipase for oil spill treatment.

Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions:”.

1. Specific question number 1

2. Specific question number 2

1.4 Research Hypothesis

Based on the problems above, the following null/alternative hypotheses are made:

Ho1/Ha1: Null/Alternative Hypothesis 1

Ho2/Ha2: Null/Alternative Hypothesis 1

(Note: Null/Alternative Hypothesis section can only be written based on the nature of

your research problems)

1.5 Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

Erase the word “Conceptual” above if you are establishing a research based on the

existing theory or theories, or erase the word “Theoretical” if you are establishing your

research from a construct and not from existing theories. In the first sentence of the first

paragraph, state the main objective of conducting your research. You need also to discuss

the theory or concept where you anchored your study. The discussion should be at the

context of your study and not on the mere definition of the theory. Layout your digram

below this paragraph which represents your Theoretical/Conceptual Framework.

33
 Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Below the diagram is the paragraph which discusses your own concept about your

plan in conducting the research. Remember that the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework is

the background of your study. Explain each variable of your diagram or figure above,

including some important processes that you will involve. You may use polygons and/or

arrows for your diagram. The diagram is usually the “Figure 1” in your study. You may

begin with, “The figure above shows”.

(Note: You may have a separate section for Conceptual and Theoretical Framework)

1.6 Scope and Limitations

This section discusses the perimeter of the study such as the time frame, place

where the study will be conducted, the variables involved, and limitations. The first

paragraph should discuss about the 3Ws, starting with: where the study will be

conducted; then what is the timeframe; and who are the people involved or subject of

interest.

34
 The second paragraph begins with main objective of the study and the variables

under study to attain the research objective. After enumerating the variables, emphasize

that other factor that may intervene the results are not under study. Example “Other

factors not stated in this section are beyond the scope of this study”.

1.7 Significance of the Study

The first paragraph states the general significance of the study or the purpose of

conducting the study. You may establish a paragraph by thinking what or who will

benefit the conclusions of your study. After the paragraph, enumerate the persons and

discuss the specifics on how can they be benefitted. You may state this way, “Moreover,

this study is beneficial to the following:”.

Students. This manual will scaffold students on how to put research into

writing. This will provide them with technical guide, both in content and physical

appearance, in research writing.

Research Teachers. They will use the developed manual for

instructional purposes to sync research content to the developed school research

manual.

Other Researches. (Construct at the context of your study)

1.8 Definition of Terms

Term 1 - terms should be in sentence case, bold, and flash left. Definitions should be

35
defined conceptually or operationally. Terms should be arranged

alphabetically.

36
Moringa oleifera - terms in scientific name should have the same formatting as

mentioned above but the term should be italicized. If definition is long, the

proceeding lines should be indented once to emphasize the term being defined.

1.9 Review of Related

Literature Related Literature

Chapter 2 can be written by citing first the “2.1 Related Literature” followed by

the “2.2 Related Study” section. Each of the citation should be arranged also in

chronological manner. Texts gathered from varied sources should not be copied directly

to avoid plagiarism. They should be rephrased and sources should be labeled based on

the APA 6th edition format. (Dela Cruz, 2018)

“If there are statements or direct quotation that you want to include in your

Chapter 2, do not revise the statement. Instead, write it directly in an inclosing

quotation mark, and indent the entire statement. After the statement, write the

source.” (Makiling, 2018)

Related Study

In this section, you will write findings from related studies that might be

important in substantiating your findings in Chapter 4. Like the Related Literature

section, arrange your citation chronologically or arrange them by topic. Source or

citation should be in APA 6th edition (Rizal, 2018).

37
 The last paragraph of your Chapter 2 should contain the summary of your entire

readings including the gap or the necessity of conducting your study.

38
 Chapter 2

METHODOLOGY

This field contains the method, research variables and layout, design and

sampling procedures, the research tools and instruments, the statistical procedures

utilized for the analysis and interpretation of the data.

2.1 List of Materials

Material 1 Material 4

Material 2 Material 5

Material 3 Material 6

2.2 Research Design

Table 2.2.1
Presentation of tests undertaken by the isolated microorganisms from Palm Oil Sludge
Tests
Independent Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
Variables
R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3 R1 R2 R3
Subject/Specimen 1 X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Z1 Z2 Z3
Subject/Specimen 2 X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Z1 Z2 Z3
Positive Control X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Z1 Z2 Z3
Negative Control X1 X2 X3 Y1 Y2 Y3 Z1 Z2 Z3

39
Legend: X - Description of “X”

Y - Description of “Y”

Z - Description of “Z”

Write a paragraph that discusses your research design (e.g. completely

randomized design, etc.) and describe it using the table above. Always include the legend

symbol in parenthesis (X1) in every test trial you are describing.

2.3 Procedures/Methods

In this section your are going to describe, in details, the research procedure. You

may use flow chart or you may use narration. For flowchart, the figure number and title

should have the same format and guideline as stated in p. 13. For narration, each step

(example: 2.3.1 Collection of Sample) should be in Sentence Case and in bold format.

Pictures with caption may be used to help illustrate or explain your procedure. Picture

size may depend, but caption format shown bellow should be followed.

2.3.1 Collection of Sample

After the description in this paragraph, the

box representing the picture should have a

caption. Use textbox for captions with the same

font size and style. Caption should be in

Caption
sentence case.

40
 Chapter 3

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Production of lipase from bacterial isolates from palm oil sludge

Lipase Production (ml)

100

75

50

25

0
Z11 Z12 Z13 Z21 Z22 Z23 Z31 Z32 Z33 Z41 Z42 Z43

Figure 2. Lipase produced by bacterial isolates

Presentations of data using graphs or analytics should be in 2D, colored, no

shadows or other unnecessary picture formatting, and with labels in Times New Roman,

size 12, color black or white. The figure title, unlike with the table title, should be found

below the figure. It should be written in sentence case. The figure number should be a

40
counting continuation with the previous figure (example: Figure 1, Figure 2,… and so

on). Interpretation of data should be emphasized in the first paragraph.

Discussion of the data should be in the second paragraph. This can be done by

citing related literature, studies, or phenomena, with corresponding citation or source

related to your findings.

Reminder, subsection in this chapter like “3.1 Production of lipase from

bacterial isolates from palm oil sludge” is a declarative form of your research questions

in chapter 1. If you have five problems, then you should have five subsections in this

chapter.

3.2 Amount of Pb among three identified deep wells in Agusan del Sur using

AAS Table 3.2.1

Lead (Pb) Analysis using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer for three deep wells
Amount of Lead (Pb) in parts per million (ppm)
Trial DP1 DP2 DP3
1 0.12 0.03 0.23
2 0.09 0.03 0.24
3 0.12 0.04 0.24
x 0.11 0.03 0.24
SD 1.02 1.01 1.01
%RSD 3.21% 3.18% 3.18%

Table 3.2.1 shows the format of the table in Chapter 3 which is similar to the table

formats in the previous chapters. The table number is in sentence case and bold format.

41
Example above is “Table 3.2.1”. The next line will be the name of the table in sentence

case. The table number and table name have a single spacing with no space after the

paragraph. The first paragraph is the interpretation of data. You may do this by grouping

all similar results (example: The table above shows that deep wells number 1 and 2 have

relatively small amount of Lead (Pb) compared to deep well number 3), you may also

interpret the data by citing only the highest three and highest low, especially if you have a

long list of items or provisions.

The second paragraph is the discussion of the interpreted results. You may do

this by revisiting your Chapter 2 for related phenomenon that may explain the similarity

of your findings. Example: “The presence of lead in deep wells can be acquired by living

organisms through absorption as for plants, or through drinking as for animals. Further

lead content greater than 0.20 ppm can be lethal to humans who have constant exposure

as mentioned by Dela Cruz (2018)”.

42
 Chapter 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1 Summary

See to it that the summary of findings is presented in a concise/brief manner.

First, write the general objective of your study followed by a short description of your

research method (research design, sampling technique, and data analysis) that will be

carried out to attain or to answer your main question.

Findings

The following findings are obtained based on the analysis and interpretation of

data.

1. Findings, in sentence case, should be written in bold right after the summary. It has

no section number since it is a part of the summary. The title will then be followed

by a short introductory sentence such as “The following findings are obtained based

on the analysis and interpretation of data”.

2. Findings are the results of your analysis in chapter 4. Each finding should be in order

based on how you presented them in the previous chapter. You should not repeat

what you have written in the previous chapter. Instead, rephrase each of them in

direct, clear, and concise sentence(s).

3. Each finding should be numbered, sentence case, flash left.

43
4.2 Conclusions

Based on the findings above, the following conclusions are drawn:

1. Keep in mind that in drawing conclusions it should be based on the results/findings

of your study (i.e. given one or two or more findings for research problem number

one, what conclusion/s can you derive).

2. Conclusions are not just repeating your findings but abstractions of the summary of

findings.

3. Numerical values (e.g. mean, standard deviation, t value, F ratio, etc.) should

no longer be reported in this chapter since they have already been presented in

the previous chapter.

4. See to it that your conclusions are tied to the research questions of your study.

5. Like the findings, each conclusion should be numbered, sentence case, and flash left.

The conclusion section should begin with a short introductory sentence. Example

“Based on the findings above, the following conclusions are drawn:”.

4.3 Recommendations

As synthesized from the findings and conclusions, the following

recommendations were made:

1. Like the findings and conclusions, recommendations should be numbered, sentence

case, and flash left. The recommendation section should begin with a short

44
 introductory sentence. Example “As synthesized from the findings and conclusions,

the following recommendations were made:”.

2. Aside from recommendations, you can also give the implications or possible

applications of the results of your study.

3. You can also suggest future research possibilities vis-a-vis research you conducted.

45
 REFERENCES

(Books, Reference Books, and Book Chapters)

(For an entire book, use the following reference formats:)
Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Location: Publisher.

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Retrieved from

http://www.xxxxxxx

Author, A. A. (Year of Publication)). Title of work. doi (digital object

identifier):xxxxx Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of Publication). Title of work. Location:

Publisher.

(For a chapter in a book or entry in a reference book, use the following formats:)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, &
C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Location: Publisher.

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1993). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor & B. Editor
(Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx). Retrieved from http://www.xxxxxxx

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (1995). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, &
C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx-xxx)

(Reference book)
VendenBos, G. R. (Ed.). (2007). APA dictionary of psychology. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.

(Periodicals
Periodicals include items published on a regular basis such as journals, magazines,
newspapers, and newsletters. General reference form:)
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Periodical,
xx, pp-pp. doi:xx,xxxxxxxxxx

(Journal Articles, General Format:)

Author, A.A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (2004). Title of article. Title of Journal,
volume, page-numbers.

46
(Note: Bold sentences inside the parentheses are not part of the
“REFERENCES” section.)

47
Belecina, R. R. (2008). Portfolio as an alternative assessment: Effects on problem –
solving performance, critical thinking, and attitude in mathematics. The Normal
Lights, 4, 54 – 81.

Mercado, E. P., & De Mesa, T. E. (2008). On the spot behavior intervention techniques
applied to common behavior problems manifested by children with special needs.
The Normal Lights, 4, 221 – 247.

(Magazine article)
Chamberlin, J., Novotney, A., Packard, E., & Price, M. (2008, May). Enhancing worker
well-being: Occupational health psychologists convene to share their research on
work, stress, and health. Monitor on Psychology, 39(5), 26-29.

(Online magazine article)

Clay, R. (2008, June). Science vs. ideology: Psychologists fight back about the misuse of
research. Monitor on Psychology, 39(6). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/
monitor/

(Newspaper article)
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status. The
Washington Post, pp. A1, A4.

(Online newspaper article)

Brody, J. E. (2007, December 11). Mental reserves keep brain agile. The New York
Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

(Doctoral Dissertations and Master’s Theses

For a doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis available from a database service, use
the following reference template:)
Author, A. A. (2003). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis (Doctoral
dissertation or master’s thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or
Order No.)

(For an unpublished dissertation or thesis, use the following template:)

Author, A. A. (1978). Title of doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis (Unpublished
doctoral dissertation or master’s thesis). Name of Institution, Location.

(Note: Bold sentences inside the parentheses are not part of the
“REFERENCES” section.)

48
(Master’s thesis, from a commercial database)
McNeil, D. S. (2006). Meaning through narrative: A personal narrative discussing
growing up with an alcoholic mother (Master’s thesis). Available from ProQuest
Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1434728)

(Doctoral dissertation, from an institutional database)

Adams, R. J. (1973). Building a foundation for evaluation of instruction in higher
education and continuing education (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from http://
www.ohiolink.edu/etd/

(Doctoral dissertation, from the web)

Bruckman, A. (1997). MOOSE Crossing: Construction, community, and learning in a
networked virtual world for kids (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology). Retrieved from http://www- static.cc.gatech.edu/~asb/thesis/

(Doctoral dissertation, abstracted in DAI)

Appelbaum, L. G. (2005). Three studies of human information processing: Texture
amplification, motion representation, and figure-ground segregation. Dissertation
Abstracts International: Section B. Sciences and Engineering, 65(10), 5428.

(Video)
American Psychological Association (Producer). (2000). Responding therapeutically to
patient expressions of sexual attraction [DVD]. Available from http://
www.apa.org/videos/

(Music Recording)
lang, k. d. (2008). Shadow and the frame. On Watershed [CD]. New York, NY:
Nonesuch Records.

(Measurement instrument)
Friedlander, M. L., Escudero, V., & Heatherington, L. (2002). E-SOFTA: System for
observing family therapy alliances [Software and training videos]. Unpublished
instrument. Retrieved from http://www.softa-soatif.com/

th
(Note: For other reference style and format see APA Manual 6 ed.)
(Note: Bold sentences inside the parentheses are not part of the
“REFERENCES” section.)

49
 APPENDIX A

Curriculum Vitae

This section is for the necessary attachments like additional instrument/s (e.g. test/

s, survey instrument/s, interview schedule, observation guide, etc.) letter/s of request,

instructions and other supplementary tools you used in the study. You may also include

additional information that might be lengthy to include in your main paper.

In this section, the APPENDIX X, should be written in bold, centered, and in

UPPER CASE. A CAPITAL LETTER should follow after the word APPENDIX to

indicate the succession. Below the title is the appendix description. Example, “Letter of

Permission to the School Principal”. The appendix description should be centered with

first letters of every noun, adjective, and verb are CAPITALIZED.

Below are some attachments that should be included in the appendices.

• Letters (e.g. Letter of Intent, Letter of Permission, etc.)

• Observation Guide/Talligrams or Tally sheets/Laboratory Results

• Daily Log

• Intel ISEF Forms

• Pictures

• Permits/Clearances

65
 SUMMARY OF GENERAL PHYSICAL FORMAT

1. Margins
Left margin: 1.25 inches (soft bound), 1.5 inch (hard bound)
Top margin: 1 inch (to give space of the header which is 0.50
inches from the top edge of the paper)
Right margin: 1 inch
Bottom margin: 1 inch (to give space of the footer which is 0.50
inches from the bottom edge of the paper)
2. Line Length and Alignment
Length of each typed line: 6.5 inches or 16.51 cm
Alignment of the Body and Subtitle: Do not justify
Alignment of Chapters, Figure Titles: Center
Alignment of Table Titles: Left
Alignment of Pagination: Right
Alignment of Condensed Title: Right

3. Typeface and Font Size

Title in Cover Page: Times New Roman (ALL CAPS), size
12 Title in Title Page: Times New Roman (Bold), size 14
Body: Times New Roman, size 12
Chapter Font & Subtitle: Times New Roman (Bold), size
12 Table and Figure Caption: Times New Roman, size 12
Header and Footer: Times New Roman, size 10
Preliminary Pages: Times New Roman, size 12

4. Pagination
Preliminary Pages: i, ii, iii, iv and so on
Body and Final Pages: 1, 2, 3, and so on
No pagination in the first page of every chapter

66