Title: Quadratic Equation

Chapter: Quadratic Equation

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Worksheet Compiled By: Prashant Jain (PJ Sir)

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EXERCISE- 2
 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
(ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

1. Let a > 0, b > 0 & c > 0. Then both the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0
(A) are real & negative (B) have negative real parts
(C) are rational numbers (D) have positive real parts

Ans. (B)
Sol. a > 0, b > 0 and c > 0  ax2 + bx + c = 0

c
 +  = – b/a = – ve,  = = + ve
a
–ve real part

2. If the roots of the equation x2 + 2ax + b = 0 are real and distinct and they differ by atmost 2m, then b
lies in the interval
(A) (a2 – m2, a2) (B) [a2 – m2, a2) (C) (a2, a2 + m2) (D) none of these

Ans. (B)

Sol. x2 + 2ax + b = 0  0 < |  –  |  2m  0< ( + )2 – 4   2m

0 < 4a2 – 4b  4m2  a2 – m2  b < a2  b  [a2 – m2, a2)

3. The set of possible values of  for which x2 – (2 – 5 + 5) x + (22 – 3 – 4) = 0 has roots, whose sum
and product are both less than 1, is

 5  5  5
(A)  −1 , (B) (1, 4) (C) 1 ,  (D)  1 ,
 2   2  2 

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Ans. (D)
Sol. Sum of roots < 1
 2 – 5 + 5 < 1  ( – 1)( – 4) < 0  1<<4 ...(1)
 Product of roots < 1
5
 22 – 3 – 5 < 0  (2 – 5) ( + 1) < 0  –1 <  < ...(2)
2
5
(1) & (2)  1<< .
2

4. If p, q, r, s  R, then equaton (x2 + px + 3q) (–x2 + rx + q) (–x2 + sx – 2q) = 0 has

(A) 6 real roots (B) atleast two real roots
(C) 2 real and 4 imaginary roots (D) 4 real and 2 imaginary roots

Ans. (B)
Sol. Dis. of x2 + px + 3q is p2 – 12q  D1
Dis. of –x + rx + q
2
is r2 + 4q  D2
Dis. of –x2 + sx – 2q is s2 – 8q  D3
Case 1 : If q < 0, then D1 > 0, D3 > 0 and D2 may or may not be positive
Case 2 : If q > 0, then D2 > 0 and D1, D3 may or may not be positive
Case 3 : If q = 0, then D1  0, D2  0 and D3  0
from Case 1, Case 2 and Case 3 we can say that the given equation has atleast two real roots.

5. Find the set of all real values of  such that the root of the equation
x2 + 2(a + b + c) x + 3 (ab + bc + ca) = 0 are always real for any choice of a, b, c (where a, b, c
represents sides of scalene triangle).

 4  4  1 5 4 5
(A)  −,  (B)  ,   (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 3   3  3 3 3 3

Ans. (A)
Sol. We, know that a + b > c, b + c > a and c + a > b  c – a < b, a – b < c, b – c < a
squaring on both sides and adding (c – a)2 + (a – b)2 + (b – c)2 < a2 + b2 + c2
a2 + b2 + c2 – 2(ab + bc + ca) < 0  (a + b + c)2 – 4(ab + bc + ca) < 0
2
(a + b + c)
 <4 .... (i)
ab + bc + ca
Now roots of equation x2 + 2(a + b + c) x + 3 (ab + bc + ca) = 0 are real, then D  0
(a + b + c)2
 4 (a + b + c)2 – 4. 3 (ab + bc + ca)  0   3
ab + bc + ca
(a + b + c)2 4
So 3  <4  <
ab + bc + ca 3

6. If coefficients of biquadratic equation are all distinct and belong to the set {–9, – 5, 3, 4, 7}, then
equation has
(A) atleast two real roots
(B) four real roots, two are conjugate surds and other two are also conjugate surds
(C) four imaginary roots
(D) None of these

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Ans. (A)
Sol. Let biqhadratic is ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e = 0
 a + b + c + d + e = 0 as a, b, c, d, e  {–9, – 5, 3, 4, 7}
Hence x = 1 is a root. So real root will be atleast two.

7. Let p, q, r, s  R, x2 + px + q = 0, x2 + rx + s = 0 such that 2 (q + s) = pr then

(A) atleast one of the equations have real roots.
(B) either both equations have imaginary roots or both equations have real roots.
(C) one of equations have real roots and other equation have imaginary roots
(D) atleast one of the equations have imaginary roots.

Ans. (A)
Sol. x2 + px + q = 0  D1 = p2 – 4q ....(1)
x + rx + s = 0 
2
D2 = r2 – 4s ....(2)
D1 + D2 = p2 + r2 – 4 (q + s) [ pr = 2(q + s)]
= (p – r)2 > 0
Since D1 + D2 is +ve, so atleast
one of the equations has real roots.

8. The equation, x = − 2x2 + 6x − 9 has:

(A) no solution (B) one solution (C) two solutions (D) infinite solutions

Ans. (A)
Sol.  x = – 2x2 + 6x – 9  D = 36 – 4(–2) (–9) = 36 – 72 < 0 & a < 0
So quadratic expression – 2x + 6x – 9 is always negative whereas x is always +ve
2

 Equation will not hold for any x.  x   So  x = – 2x2 + 6x – 9 has no solution.

9. If (2 +  – 2)x2 + ( + 2) x < 1 for all x  R, then  belongs to the interval
 2 2 
(A) (–2, 1) (B)  −2,  (C)  , 1 (D) none of these
 5 5 

Ans. (B)
Sol. ( + 2) ( – 1)x2 + ( + 2)x – 1 < 0  x  R  ( + 2) ( – 1) < 0
 –2 <  < 1 ...(1) (a < 0)
and ( + 2)2 + 4( + 2) ( – 1) < 0 (D < 0)
 ( + 2) ( + 2 + 4 – 4) < 0  ( + 2) (5 – 2) < 0
2
 –2 <  < ...(2)
5
 2
(1) & (2)     −2,  Also  = –2  0 < 1 which is true
 5 
 2
 Required interval is    −2, 
 5 

10. Let conditions C1 and C2 be defined as follows : C1 : b2 – 4ac  0, C2 : a, –b, c are of same sign. The
roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are real and positive, if
(A) both C1 and C2 are satisfied (B) only C2 is satisfied
(C) only C1 is satisfied (D) none of these

Ans. (A)
Sol. C1: b2 – 4a c  0 ; C2 : a, – b, c are of same sign
ax2 + bx + c = 0 has real roots then D  0 i.e. C1 must be satisfied

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 b b
(i) Let a, – b, c > 0 then –
>0 (ii) Let a, – b, c < 0 then – >0
2a 2a
Hence, for roots to be + ve, C2 must be satisfied. Thus both C1, C2 are satisfied

x2 − x + c
11. If 'x' is real, then can take all real values if :
x 2 + x + 2c
(A) c  [0, 6] (B) c  [− 6, 0] (C) c  (−  − 6)  (0, ) (D) c  (− 6, 0)

Ans. (D)
x2 − x + c
Sol. Let y = ; x  R and y  R  (y – 1) x2 + (y + 1)x + 2y c – c = 0
x 2 + x + 2c
xR  D0  (y + 1)2 – 4 c(y – 1) (2y – 1)  0
 y + 1 + 2y – 4c [2y – 3y + 1]  0
2 2
 (1 – 8c)y2 + (2 + 12c) y + 1 – 4c  0 ....... (1)
1
Now for all y  R (1) will be true if 1 – 8c > 0  c < and D  0
8
 4 (1 + 6c)2 – 4 (1 – 8c) (1 – 4c)  0  1 + 36c2 + 12c – 1 – 32c2 + 12c  0
 4c + 24c  0
2
 –6c0
But c = –6 and c = 0 will not satisfy given condition  c  (–6, 0)

12. If both roots of the quadratic equation (2 − x) (x + 1) = p are distinct & positive, then p must lie in the
interval:

(A) (2, ) (B) (2, 9/4) (C) (– , – 2) (D) (– , )

Ans. (B)
Sol. (2 – x) (x + 1) = p  x2 – x + (p – 2) = 0 ...(1)
(1) has both roots distinct & positive
−b
 (i) D > 0 (ii) f(0) > 0 (iii) >0
2a
9
(i) D>0 p< (ii) f(0) > 0  p > 2
4
−b 1
(iii) = >0 (always true)
2a 2
 9
 (i)  (ii)  (iii)  p   2, .
 4 

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13. If two roots of the equation (a – 1) (x2 + x + 1)2 – (a + 1) (x4 + x2 + 1) = 0 are real and distinct, then 'a'
lies in the interval
(A) (–2, 2) (B) (– , –2)  (2, ) (C) (2, ) (D) (– –2)

Ans. (B)
Sol. (a – 1) (x2 + x + 1)2 – (a + 1) (x4 + x2 + 1) = 0 ........(1)
 x4 + x2 + 1 = (x2 + x + 1) (x2 – x + 1)
 (1) becomes
 (x2 + x + 1) [(x2 + x + 1) (a – 1) – (a + 1) (x2 – x + 1)] = 0  (x2 + x + 1) (x2 – ax + 1) = 0
Here two roots are imaginary and for other two roots to be real D>0
 a2 – 4 > 0  a  (–, –2)  (2, )

14. The equations x3 + 5x2 + px + q = 0 and x3 + 7x2 + px + r = 0 have two roots in common. If the third root
of each equation is represented by x1 and x2 respectively, then the ordered pair (x1, x2) is:
(A) (− 5, − 7) (B) (1, − 1) (C) (− 1, 1) (D) (5, 7)

Ans. (A)

Sol. x3 + 5x2 + px + q = 0    +  + x1 = – 5,   +  x1 + x1 = p ...(1)
x1

x3 + 7x2 + px + r = 0    +  + x2 = – 7,  + x2 + x2 = p ...(2)
x2
Subtracting (2) from (1)
  +  x 2 + x 2 = p
  +  x1 + x1 = p   (x1 – x2) ( – ) = 0 [x1  x2]
 (x1 – x 2 ) +  (x1 – x 2 ) = 0
 +=0  x1 = – 5  x2 = – 7

15. If a, b, c are real and a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ca lies in the interval:

1   1   1
(A)  , 2 (B) [0, 2] (C)  − , 1 (D)  −1, 2 
2   2   

Ans. (C)
Sol.  a2 + b2 + c2 = 1  (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)  0
1
 1 + 2 (ab + bc + ca)  0  (ab + bc + ca)  – ........(1)
2
 a2 + b2 + c2 – (ab + bc + ca)  0  (ab + bc + ca)  1 ........(2)
 1 
 From (1) and (2) we can say that (ab + bc + ca)   − , 1
 2 

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

1. Find number of integer roots of equation x (x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) = 120.

Ans. 2
Sol. (x 2
+ 3x + 2 ) (x 2
)
+ 3x = 120
Let x + 3x = y 
2
y2 + 2y – 120 = 0  (y + 12) (y – 10)= 0
 y = –12  x + 3x + 12 = 0
2
 x
y = 10  x2 + 3x – 10 = 0  (x + 5) (x – 2) = 0  x = {–5, 2}
x = 2, – 5 are only two integer roots.

2 2
−3 −3
2. Find product of all real values of x satisfying (5 + 2 6)x + (5 − 2 6)x = 10

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Ans. 8

(5 + 2 6 )
x 2 −3 1 1
Sol. + = 10  t+ = 10  t2 – 10t + 1 = 0
(5 + 2 6 )
x 2 −3 t

10  96 2
−3 1
t= =52 6  (5 + 2 6)x = (5 + 2 6 ) or
2 5+2 6
 x2–3=1 or x2– 3 = –1
 x = 2 or –2 or − 2 or 2
Product 8

3. If a, b are the roots of x2 + px + 1 = 0 and c, d are the roots of x2 + qx + 1 = 0. Then find the value of
(a − c) (b − c) (a + d) (b + d)/(q2 − p2).

Ans. 1

Sol. x2 + px + 1 = 0 a + b = – p, ab = 1 ; x2 + qx + 1 = 0 c + d = – q, cd = 1

a + b = –p, ab = 1  c + d = –q, cd = 1
RHS = (a – c) (b – c) (a + d) (b + d) = (ab – ac – bc + c2) (ab + ad + bd + d2)
= (1 – ac – bc + c2) (1 + ad + bd + d2)
= 1 + ad + bd + d2 – ac – a2cd – abcd – acd2 – bc – abcd – b2cd – bcd2 + c2 + adc2 + bdc2 + c2d2
= 1 + ad + bd + d2 – ac – a2 – 1 – ad – bc – 1 – b2 – bd + c2 + ac + bc + 1 [ ab = cd = 1]
= c2 + d2 – a2 – b2 = (c + d)2 – 2cd – (a + b)2 + 2ab = q2 – 2 – p2 + 2 = q2 – p2 = LHS. Proved.
Aliter :
RHS = (ab – c(a + b) + c2) (ab + d(ab + d(a + b) + d2) = (c2 + pc + 1) (1 – pd + d2) ...(1)
Since c & d are the roots of the equation x2 + qx + 1 = 0
 c2 + qc + 1 = 0  c2 + 1 = –qc & d2 + qd + 1 = 0  d2 + 1 = –qd.
 (i) Becomes = (pc – qc) (–pd – qd) = c(p – q) (–d) (p + q) = –cd (p2 – q2)
= cd (q2 – p2) = q2 – p2 = LHS. Proved.

4. ,  are roots of the equation  (x2 – x) + x + 5 = 0. If 1 and 2 are the two values of  for which the
 1  2 
   +  
roots ,  are connected by the relation + = 4, then the value of  2 1 
is
   14 
 
 
Ans. 73
 −1 5
Sol.    are roots of x2 – ( – 1) x + 5 = 0  += and  =
 
   2 + 2
 + =4  =4  ( + )2 = 6  
  
( − 1)2 30
 =  2 – 32 + 1 = 0 ............(1)
2 
 1, 2 are roots of (1)  1 + 2 = 32 and 12 = 1
 1  2 
1  (1 +  2 )2 − 21 2 (32)2 − 2  +  
 + 2 = = = 1022   2 1 
= 73
2 1 1 2 1  14 
 
 

5. Let one root of equation ( – m) x2 + x + 1 = 0 be double of the other. If  be real and 8m  k then find
the least value of k.

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Ans. 9

2
1 2 1
Sol.  + 2 = –  =– Also 22 =  =
−m 3( − m) −m 9( − m) 2 −m
9
 22 – 9 + 9m = 0  R  D0  81 – 72m  0 m .
8

6. Let   be the roots of the equation x2 + ax + b = 0 and   be the roots of x2 – ax + b – 2 = 0. If  =

1 1 1 1 5
24 and + + + = , then find the value of a.
    6

Ans. 10
Sol.  = b ;  = b – 2   = b(b – 2) = 24
1 1 1 1 −a
 bx2 + ax + 1 = 0 has roots ,  + =
    b
1 1 1 1 a
(b – 2)x2 – ax + 1 = 0 has root ,  + =
    b−2
1 1 1 1 −a a 5 +2a 5 +2a 5
+ + + = + = ; = ; = ; a = 10.
    b b−2 6 b(b − 2) 6 24 6

7. If a > b > 0 and a3 + b3 + 27ab = 729 then the quadratic equation ax2 + bx – 9 = 0 has roots
,  ( < ). Find the value of 4 – a.

Ans. 13
Sol. a3 + b3 + (– 9)3 = 3 · a · b (– 9)  a+b–9=0 or a = b = – 9. Which is rejected.
As a>b>–9  a+b–9=0  x = 1 is a root
−9 −9  −9 
other root = .  = ,  = 1  4 – a = 4 – a   = 4 + 9 = 13.
a a  a 

8. Let  and  be roots of x2 – 6(t2 – 2t + 2)x – 2 = 0 with  > . If an = n – n for n  1, then find the
a − 2a98
minimum value of 100 (where t  R)
a99

Ans. 6
Sol. Let t 2 – 2t + 2 = k  2 – 6k – 2 = 0  2 – 2 = 6 k
a100 – 2a98 =  – 2. –  + 2. =  ( – 2) –  ( – 2) = 6k(99 – 99)
100 98 100 98 98 2 98 2

a100 – 2a98 = 6k.a99

a100 − 2a98
= 6k = 6(t2 – 2t + 2) = 6[(t – 1)2 + 1]
a99
a100 − 2a98
 min. value of is 6.
a99

9. If , , ,  are the roots of the equation x4 − Kx3 + Kx2 + Lx + M = 0, where K, L & M are real numbers,
then the minimum value of 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 is – n. Find the value of n.

Ans. 1

Sol. x4 – Kx3 + Kx2 + Lx + M =    = K,    = K,    = – L

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  = M  2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = ( +  +  + )2 – 2   
K2 – 2K = (K – 1)2 – 1  (2 + 2 + 2 + 2)min = – 1

2x
10. Consider y = , where x is real , then the range of expression y2 + y − 2 is [a, b]. Find the value of
1 + x2
(b – 4a).

Ans. 9
2 x
Sol. y=  x2y – 2x + y = 0  x  R
1 + x2
D0
4 – 4y2  0  y  [– 1, 1]
Now f(y) = y2 + y – 2
 9  −9  −9 
 f(y)   – , 0  a = , b = 0  b – 4a = 0 – 4  =9.
 4  4  4 

11. If the roots of the equation x3 + Px2 + Qx − 19 = 0 are each one more than the roots of the equaton
x3 − Ax2 + Bx − C = 0, where A, B, C, P & Q are constants, then the value of A + B + C is equal to :

Ans. 18
Sol. Let , ,  be the roots of x3 – Ax2 + Bx – C = 0 ...(1)
the roots of x3 + Px2 + Qx – 19 = 0 will be ( + 1), ( + 1), ( + 1)
 ( + 1) ( + 1) ( + 1) = 19  ( +  +  + 1) ( + 1) = 19
  +  +  +  +  +  +  + 1 = 19  C + B + A = 18 [using (1)].

12. If one root of the equation t 2 – (12x)t – (f(x) + 64x) = 0 is twice of other, then find the maximum value of
the function f(x), where x  R.

Ans. 32
Sol.  + 2 = 12x   = 4x  ()(2) = – f(x) – 64x
 f(x) = – (32x2 + 64x)  f(x) = – 32(x2 + 2x)  f(x) = – 32((x + 1)2 – 1)
 f(x)  32.  Maximum value of f(x) is 32

13. The values of k, for which the equation x2 + 2 (k − 1) x + k + 5 = 0 possess atleast one positive root, are
(– , – b]. Find value of b.

Ans. 1
Sol. Case-I : Both the roots are positive
x2 + 2 (K – 1) x + (K + 5) = 0
(i) D0  4(K – 1)2 – 4 (K + 5)  0  (K + 1) (K – 4)  0

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 (ii) f(0) > 0  K+5>0  K>–5
b 2(1 − k)
(iii) – >0  >0  K<1
2a 2

–5 –1 0 1 4
K  (– , – 1] ... (i)
Case-II : One root is +ve and other root is –ve
f(0) < 0  k + 5 < 0  K<–5 ... (ii)

Case-III : One root is zero and other is +ve

−b
f(0) = 0 & >0 K=–5 ... (iii)
2a

Union of all the three cases give K  (– , – 1] = (– , – b]  b = 1.

14. Find the least value of 7a for which atleast one of the roots of the equation x2 – (a – 3) x + a = 0 is
greater than 2.

Ans. 63
Sol. case- I : Both roots are greater than 2.
or one root is 2 & other is greater than 2
D0
 (a – 3)2 – 4a  0
 a2 – 10 a + 9  0
(a – 1) (a – 9)  0
a  (–, 1]  [9, ) ... (i)
–b a–b
 2  >2
2a 2
 a>7 ... (ii)
f(2)  0  4 – 2(a – 3) + a  0
– a + 10  0  a  10 ... (iii)
(i)  (ii)  (iii) gives
a  [9, 10] ... (iv)

Case-II : One root is greater than 2

f(2) < 0  – a + 10 < 0

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  a > 10  a  (10, ) ....(v)
(iv)  (v) gives final answer as
a  [9, )
 Least value of 7a is 63.

15. If the quadratic equations 3x2 + ax + 1 = 0 & 2x2 + bx + 1 = 0 have a common root, then the value of the
expression 5ab − 2a2 − 3b2 is

Ans. 1
2
3 a a 1 3 1
Sol. =  (3b – 2a) (a – b) = (3 – 2)2
2 b b 1 2 1
 5ab – 3b2 – 2a2 = 1

16. The equations x2 − ax + b = 0, x3 − px2 + qx = 0, where a, b, p, q  R – {0} have one common root & the
ap
second equation has two equal roots. Find value of .
q+b

Ans. 2
Sol. x3 – px2 + qx = 0 ...(1)

x(x2 – px + q) = 0 ; x = 0, x2 – px + q = 0  0, ,  are the roots of equation

(1)
2 = p   = p/2 ...(2) & 2 = q ...(3)
Since  is the root of the equation x2 – ax + b = 0 also,
 2 – a + b = 0
a p ap
q– +b=0 [using (2) & (3)]  ap = 2(b + q) 2= .
2 q+b

16
17. If x – y and y – 2x are two factors of the expression x3 – 3x2y + xy2 + y3, then + 4 is
11

Ans. 1
Sol. Given expression is f(x, y) = x3 – 3x2y + xy2 + y3 .....(i)
since (x – y) is a factor of (i)
 x3 – 3x3 + x3 + x3 = 0  +–2=0 .....(ii)
(y – 2x) is also a factor of (i)  x3 – 3x2 (2x) + x (4x2) + (8x3) = 0
 4 + 8 – 5 = 0 .....(iii)
11 3 16 16 11  −3 
Solving (ii) & (iii) we get  = and  = –  + 4 = + 4  = 4 – 3 = 1.
4 4 11 11 4  4 

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 PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE
(ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE)

1. Possible values of 'p' for which the equation (p 2 – 3p + 2)x2 – (p2 – 5p + 4)x + p – p2 = 0 does not
possess more than two roots is/are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

Ans. (A, C, D)
Sol. p = 0  2x2 – 4x – 0 = 0 two roots (A) Correct
p = 1  0x2 – (0)x + 0 = 0 identity more than two roots (B) Not answer
p = 2  0x2 – (–2)x + (–2) = 0  x = + 1 one root (C) Correct
p = 4  6x2 – 0x – 12 = 0 two root (D) Correct

2. If a, b are non-zero real numbers and ,  the roots of x2 + ax + b = 0, then

(A) 2, 2 are the roots of x2 – (2b – a2) x + a2 = 0
1 1
(B) , are the roots of bx2 + ax + 1 = 0
 
 
(C) , are the roots of bx2 + (2b – a2) x + b = 0
 
(D) ( – 1), ( – 1) are the roots of the equation x2 + x (a + 2) + 1 + a + b = 0

Ans. (B, C, D)
Sol. (A) S = 2 + 2 = a2 – 2b ; P = 2 2 = b2  equation is x2 – (a2 – 2b) x + b2 = 0
1 1 a 1 1 1 a 1
(B) S= + =– ,P= . =  x2 + x + =0
  b   b b b
 bx2 + ax + 1 = 0
   2 + 2 a2 − 2b  
(C) S= + = = ; P= . =1
   b  
a2 − 2b
x2 – x+1=0  bx2 – (a2 – 2b) x + b = 0
b
(D) S=+–2=–a–2 ; P = ( – 1) ( – 1)
=  – ( + ) + 1 = b + a + 1
 equation is x2 + (a + 2)x + (a + b + 1) = 0.

3. If ,  are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a  0) and  + ,  +  are the roots of,

Ax2 + Bx + C = 0 (A  0) for some constant , then
1 B b 1 b B 
(A)  =  −  (B)  =  −
2 A a 2  a A 
b2 − 4ac B2 − 4 A C b2 + 4ac B2 + 4 A C
(C) 2
= 2
(D) 2
=
a A a A2

Ans. (B, C)
b c
Sol. ax2 + bx + c = 0   +  =− ,  =  Ax2 + Bx + C = 0
a a

B C
( + ) + ( + ) = – , ( + ) ( + ) =  |( + ) – ( + )| = |( – )|
A A

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 B2 4C b2 4c b 2 − 4ac B2 − 4AC
 − = −  = Hence proved
A2 A a2 a a2 A2

4. If one root of the equation 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0 is ‘’, then

−1 + 5 1+ 5
(A)  can be equal to (B)  can be equal to
4 4
(C) other root is 43 – 3. (D) other root is 43 + 3

Ans. (A, C)

Sol. 4x2 + 2x – 1 = 0

 42 + 2 – 1 = 0 ....(1)
Let  = 43 – 3
with the help of equation (1)
(1 − 2 )
 =  [42 – 3] = [1 – 2 – 3] = – 22 – 2 = –2 –2 [using (1)]
4
 = –  – 1/2
 +  = – 1/2 which is given. hence second root is 43 – 3.

5. If ,  are roots of x2 + 3x + 1 = 0, then

(A) (7 – ) (7 – ) = 0 (B) (2 – ) (2 – ) = 11
2 2 2 2
       
(C) + =–2 (D)   +  = 18
3 + 1 3 + 1  1+     + 1

Ans. (B, C, D)
Sol. x2 + 3x + 1 = (x – ) (x – ). Put x = 2  11 = (2 – ) (2 – ) option (B)
2 + 3 + 1 = 0, 2 + 3 + 1 = 0
2 = – (3 + 1), 2 = – (3 + 1)
2 2
  2 2
= – 1, =–1  + = – 2 option (C).
3 + 1 3 + 1 3 + 1 3 + 1
2 2
      2 2 −(3 + 1) −(3 + 1)  (3 + 1) + (3 + 1)
  +  = + = + =
 1+    1+   1 + 2 +  2
1 + 2 +  2 − − 

=
3(  2 + 2 ) + ( + )
=
( 2
3 ( + ) − 2 + ( −3) )
= 3 (7) – 3 = 18.
1 1

6. If both roots of x2 – 32x + c = 0 are prime numbers then possible values of c are

(A) 60 (B) 87 (C) 247 (D) 231

Ans. (B, C)
Sol. Split 32 into sum of two primes 32 = 2 + 30 = 3 + 29 = 5 + 27 = 7 + 25 = 11 + 21 = 13 + 19.

32 = 2 + 30 = 3 + 29 = 5 + 27 = 7 + 25 = 11 + 21 = 13 + 19.

7. Let f(x) = x2 – a(x + 1) – b = 0, a, b  R – {0}, a + b  0. If  and  are roots of equation f(x) = 0, then
1 1 2
the value of 2 + 2 – is equal to
 − a   − a a+b

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 2
a a
(A) 0 (B) f(a) + a + b (C) f(b) + a + b (D) f   + +a+b
2 4

Ans. (A, B, D)
Sol. 2 – a( + 1) – b = 0 .......(i)
2 – a( + 1) – b = 0 .......(ii)
by (i) & (ii)
1 1 2 1 1 2
(A) + − = + − =0 (hence A)
2 − a 2 − a a + b a + b a + b a + b
(B) f(a) + a + b = –(a + b) + (a + b) = 0 (hence B)
f(b) + a + b = b2 – ab – a – b  0
 a  a2 a2 a  a2
(D) f + +a+b= − a  + 1 − b + +a+b = 0
2 4 4 2  4

8. If f(x) is a polynomial of degree three with leading coefficient 1 such that f(1) = 1, f(2) = 4, f(3) = 9, then
3
6 6
(A) f(4) = 22 (B) f   =  
5 5
(C) f(x) = x3 holds for exactly two values of x. (D) f(x) = 0 has a root in interval (0, 1).

Ans. (A, B, C, D)
Sol. Let f(x) = x3 + bx2 + cx + d
b+c+d=0 ......(i)
4b + 2c + d = –4 ......(ii)
9b + 3c + d = –18 ......(iii)
by (i), (ii) and (iii)
b = –5, c = 11, d = –6
 f(x) = x3 – 5x2 + 11x – 6
Alter : f(x) = (x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3) + x2 = x3 – 5x2 + 11x – 6 = x3 – (x – 1)(5x – 6)
 f(4) = (3)(2)(1) + 16 = 22
3
6 6 
f  =   Now f(x) = x3  x=1 or
5 5 5
f(0) f(1) = (–6)(1) < 0
one root in (0, 1)

9. Let P(x) = x32 – x25 + x18 – x11 + x4 – x3 + 1. Which of the following are CORRECT ?
(A) Number of real roots of P(x) = 0 are zero.
(B) Number of imaginary roots of P(x) = 0 are 32.
(C) Number of negative roots of P(x) = 0 are zero.
(D) Number of imaginary roots of P(x) + P(–x) = 0 are 32.

Ans. (A, B, C, D)
Sol. Case-I (i) x>1
p(x) = x25 (x7 – 1) + x11(x7 – 1) + x3(x – 1) + 1
p(x) > 0 no root for x  (1, )
(ii) 0<x<1
p(x) = x32 + x18 (1 – x7) + x4 (x – x7) + (1 – x3)
p(x) > 0 not root for (0, 1)
(iii) x = 1 ; P(x) = 1
hence no real root for x > 0
Case-II : for x < 0
let x = – is root ( > 0)
p() = 32 + 25 + 18 + 11 + 4 + 3 + 1
p()  0

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 Hence no negative root
All roots are imaginary
p(x) + p(–x) = 2(x32 + x18 + x4 + 1)  0  x  R
Hence imaginary roots.

10. If ,  are the real and distinct roots of x2 + px + q = 0 and 4, 4 are the roots of x2 – rx + s = 0, then the
equation x2 – 4qx + 2q2 – r = 0 has always (given   –)
(A) two real roots (B) two negative roots
(C) two positive roots (D) one positive root and one negative root

Ans. (A, D)

Sol. x2 + px + q = 0   +  = – p,  = q and p2 – 4q > 0  x2 – rx + s = .....(1)

Now 4 + 4 = r  4 + 4 = r , ()4 = s = q4  (2 + 2)2 – 2()2 = r
 [( + )2 – 2]2 – 222 = r  (p2 – 2q)2 – 2q2 = r  (p2 – 2q)2 = 2q2 + r > 0 .....(2)
Now, for x2 – 4qx + 2q2 – r = 0  D = 16q2 – 4(2q2 – r) by equation (2) = 8q2 + 4r = 4(2q2 + r) > 0
 D > 0 two real and distinct roots
Product of roots = 2q2 – r = 2q2 – [(p2 – 2q)2 – 2q2] = 4q2 – (p2 – 2q)2 = – p2 (p2 – 4q) < 0 from (1)
So product of roots is – ve. hence roots are opposite in sign

11. x2 + x + 1 is a factor of a x3 + b x2 + c x + d = 0, then the real root of above equation is

(a, b, c, d  R)
(A) − d/a (B) d/a (C) (b – a)/a (D) (a – b)/a

Ans. (A, D)

Sol. ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0

Let ax3 + bx2 + cx + d  (x2 + x + 1) (Ax + B)

Roots of x2 + x + 1 = 0 are imaginary, Let these are , 
So the third root '' will be real.
−b −b a−b
++=  –1 +  = =
a a a
−d −d
Also  = . But  = 1  =  Ans are (A) & (D).
a a

12. If – 5 + i, – 5 + i (where 2  2 ; ,   R and i2 = –1) are roots of x3 + 15x2 + cx + 860 = 0, c  R, then
(A) c = 222
(B) all the three roots are imaginary
(C) two roots are imaginary but not complex conjugate of each other.
(D) – 5 + 7i 3 , – 5 – 7i 3 are imaginary roots.

Ans. (A, D)
Sol. If – 5 + i is a root then other root is – 5 – i and  = 0
 roots are – 5 + i, – 5 – i, – 5
Product of roots (25 +  2) (– 5) = – 860 ; 25 + 2 = 172 ; 2 = 147;  = ± 7 3
 roots are – 5 + 7i 3 , – 5 – 7i 3,–5
and c = – 5(– 5 + 7i) – 5 (– 5 – 7i 3 ) + (– 5 + 7i 3 ) (– 5 – 7i 3 )
c = 50 + (250 + 147) = 222.

13. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c > 0,  x  R or f(x) < 0,  x  R. Which of the following is/are CORRECT ?

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 (A) If a + b + c > 0 then f(x) > 0,  x  R (B) If a + c < b then f(x) < 0,  x  R
(C) If a + 4c > 2b then f(x) < 0,  x  R (D) ac > 0.

Ans. (A, B, D)
Sol. f(x) > 0 x  R or f(x) < 0 x  R hence D < 0
its graph can be

(A) f(1) > 0 graph (i) will be possible

so f(x) > 0 x  R
(B) f(–1) < 0 graph (ii) will be possible so f(x) < 0 x  R
 1
(C) f  −  > 0 so f(x) < 0 x  R
 2
so not possible
(D) a > 0 c > 0 (graph (i))
a < 0 c < 0 (graph (ii))
in both cases ac > 0

14. Let x1 <  <  <  < x4, x1 < x2 < x3. If f(x) is a cubic polynomial with real coefficients such that
(f())2 + (f())2 + (f())2 = 0, f(x1) f(x2) < 0, f(x2) f(x3) < 0 and f(x1) f(x3) > 0 then which of the following are
CORRECT ?
(A)   (x1, x2),   (x2, x3) and   (x3, x4) (B)   (x1, x3), ,   (x3, x4)
(C) ,   (x1, x2) and   (x4, ) (D)   (x1, x3),   (x2, x3) and   (x2, x4)

Ans. (A, D)
Sol. f() = f() = f() = 0
hence f(x) has three real roots    possible graphs of f(x) are

or

  (x1 x2),   (x2 x3) and   (x3 x4) or   (x1 x3),   (x2 x3) and   (x2 x4)
hence A and D are correct
B is wrong as   (x3, x4)
C is wrong as   (x1, x2)

15. If f(x) is cubic polynomial with real coefficients,  <  <  and x1 < x2 be such that f() = f() = f() =
f (x1) = f  (x2) = 0 then possible graph of y = f(x) is (assuming y-axis vertical)

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

Ans. (A, C)
Sol. only A and C are correct as in these graphs
f() = f() = f() = f'(x1) = f'(x2) = 0
In option B f() < 0 and f() > 0 (can't be equal).
In option D f() > 0 and f() < 0 (can't be equal).

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 3 4 5
16. Let f(x) = + + , then f(x) = 0 has
x−2 x−3 x−4
(A) exactly one real root in (2, 3) (B) exactly one real root in (3, 4)
(C) 3 different roots (D) atleast one negative root

Ans. (A, B)
3 4 5 f(2+ ) →  
Sol. f(x) = + +   f(x) = 0 has exactly one root in (2, 3).
x−2 x−3 x−4 and f(3− ) → − 
f(3+ ) →  
again   f(x) = 0 has exactly one root in (3, 4).
and f(4− ) → − 

17. If the quadratic equations ax2 + bx + c = 0 (a, b, c  R, a  0) and x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 have a common root,
then a, b, c must satisfy the relations:
(A) a > b > c (B) a < b < c
(C) a = k; b = 4k; c = 5k (k  R, k  0) (D) b2 − 4ac is negative.

Ans. (C, D)
Sol.  D of x2 + 4x + 5 = 0 is less than zero
 both the roots are imaginary  both the roots of quadratic are same
a b c
 b2 – 4ac < 0 & = = =k  a = k, b = 4k, c = 5k.
1 4 5

18. If the quadratic equations x2 + abx + c = 0 and x2 + acx + b = 0 have a common root, then the equation
containing their other roots is/are :
(A) x2 + a (b + c) x − a2bc = 0 (B) x2 − a (b + c) x + a2bc = 0
(C) a (b + c) x2 − (b + c) x + abc = 0 (D) a (b + c) x2 + (b + c) x − abc = 0

Ans. (B, D)

Sol. x2 + abx + c = 0 ...(1)  +  = – ab,   = c


x2 + acx + b = ...(2)  +  = – ac,   = b

2 + ab  + c = 0
2 + ac  + b = 0
2  1 a (b2 – c 2 )
= =  2
= = – (b + c)
ab2 – ac 2 c–b a c – ab a(c – b)
c–b 1 1
& = =  common root,  =
a(c – b) a a
1
 – (b + c) = 2  a2 (b + c) = – 1
a
1 1
Product of the roots of equation (1) & (2) gives × = c   = ac &  × = b   =
a a
ab.
 equation having roots ,  is x2 – a (b + c) x + a2bc = 0  a (b + c) x2 – a2 ( b +
c)2 x + a.(b + c) a2bc = 0
a (b + c) x2 + (b + c) x – abc = 0.

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19. Consider the following statements.
S1: The equation 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 has irrational roots.
S2: If a < b < c < d, then the roots of the equation (x – a) (x – c) + 2 (x – b) (x – d) = 0 are real and
distinct.
S3: If x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 and ax2 + bx + c = 0 have a common root and a, b, c  N, then the minimum value
of (a + b + c) is 10.
S4: The value of the biquadratic expression x4 − 8 x3 + 18 x2 − 8 x + 2, when x = 2 + 3 , is 1
Which of the following are CORRECT ?
(A) S2 and S4 are true. (B) S1 and S3 are false.
(C) S1 and S2 are true. (D) S3 and S4 are false.

Ans. (A, B)
Sol. S1 : 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0
 D=9–4×1×1=1
Which is perfect square of a rational number  roots will be rational.
S2 :  Let f(x) = (x – a)(x – c) + 2(x – b) (x – d)
 f(a) > 0
f(b) < 0
f(c) < 0
f(d) > 0
 two real and distinct roots.
S3 : x2 + 3x + 5 = 0 .....(i) and ax2 + bx + c = 0 .....(ii)
for equation (i) , D < 0
 Roots are imaginary and they occur in conjugate pair
 Roots of equation (i) and (ii) will be identical
a b c
 = = =  , (  N)  a = , b = 3, c = 5  a + b + c = 9  least value is 9.
1 3 5

20. If the equations x2 + a x + 12 = 0, x2 + b x + 15 = 0 & x2 + (a + b) x + 36 = 0 have a common positive

root, then which of the following are true ?
(A) ab = 56 (B) common positive root is 3
(C) sum of uncommon roots is 21. (D) a + b = 15.

Ans. (A, B, C)
Sol. x2 + ax + 12 = 0 .....(1)
x2 + bx + 15 = 0 .....(2)
x2 + (a + b) x + 36 = 0 .....(3)
(1) + (2) – (3) gives x – 9 = 0 
2
x = ± 3 given that common root will be +ve
so x = 3 put in equation (3) 9 + 3 (a + b) + 36 = 0  a + b = – 15
by equation (1) 9 + 3a + 12 = 0  a = – 7 & b = – 8

21. If x2 + x + 1 = 0,   (–2 , 2) and 4x3 + 3x + 2c = 0 have common root then c +  can be

1 1 3
(A) (B) – (C) 0 (D)
2 2 2

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Ans. (A, B)
Sol. 4x3 + 3x + 2c = (4x + 2c)(x2 + x + 1)
1 1
compairing co-efficents  c = 1 and  = – or c = –1 and =
2 2
1 1
 c+= or –
2 2

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION

(COMPREHENSION)

Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 1 & 2)

If x, y  R then some problems can be solved by direct observing extreme cases
e.g. (i) (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 0 is possible only for x = 3 and y = 2
(ii) if x  3, y  2 and xy  6 then x = 3 & y = 2

1. The least value of expression x2 + 2 xy + 2 y2 + 4 y + 7 is :

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

Ans. (C)
Sol. x2 + 2xy + 2y2 + 4y + 7 = (x + y)2 + (y + 2)2 + 3  0 + 0 + 3  Least value = 3.

2. Let P(x) = 4x2 + 6x + 4 and Q(y) = 4y2 – 12y + 25. If x, y satisfy equation P(x).Q(y) = 28, then the value
of 11y – 26x is -
(A) 6 (B) 36 (C) 8 (D) 42

Ans. (B)
2
 3 7 7
Sol. P(x) = 4x2 + 6x + 4 = 4  x +  +  P(x) = 
 4 4 4
2
 3
Q(y) = 4y2 – 12y + 25 = 4  y −  + 16  Q(y)  16
 2
 p(x).Q(y)  28 but it is given P(x).Q(y) = 28 p(x).Q(y)  28 P(x).Q(y) = 28
7
 P(x) = & Q(y) = 16
4
−3 3 3 ( −3) 33 39 72
 x= ,y= ; 11y – 26x = 11 × – 26 = + = = 36.
4 2 2 4 2 2 2

Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 3 & 4)

In the given figure OBC is an isosceles right triangle in which AC is a median, then answer the
following questions :
Y

y = x2 + bx + c
C

O A B X

3. Roots of y = 0 are
(A) {2, 1} (B) {4, 2} (C) {1, 1/2} (D) {8, 4}

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4. The equation whose roots are ( + ) & ( – ), where ,  ( > ) are roots obtained in previous
question, is
(A) x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 (B) x2 – 8x + 12 = 0 (C) 4x2 – 8x + 3 = 0 (D) x2 – 16x + 48 = 0

Ans. 3 (A), 4 (A)

Sol. (3 & 4)
Let the coordinates of A(, 0), B(2, 0), C(0, 2). Now y = x2 + bx + c passes through C(0, 2)
 given equation of curve reduces to y = x2 + bx + 2 Now it also passes through A & B
 0 = 2 + b + 2  0 =  + b + 2 ..... (i)
& 0 = 4 + 2b + 2
2
 0 = 2 + b + 1 ..... (ii)
On solving (i) & (ii) for  & b we get  = 1, b = – 3
 given curve is y = x2 – 3x + 2
3. roots of y = 0 are {2, 1}
4. ( + )  3 (  = 2,  = 1)   – )  1
 equation whose roots are 3, 1 is x2 – 4x + 3 = 0

Comprehension # 3 (Q. No. 5 to 7)

Consider the equation x4 – x2 + 9 = 0. This can be solved by substituting x 2 = t such equations are
called as pseudo quadratic equations.
5. If the equation has four real and distinct roots, then  lies in the interval
(A) (–, –6)  (6, ) (B) (0, ) (C) (6, ) (D) (–, –6)

6. If the equation has no real root, then  lies in the interval

(A) (–, 0) (B) (–, 6) (C) (6, ) (D) (0, )
7. If the equation has only two real roots, then set of values of  is
(A) (–, –6) (B) (–6, 6) (C) {6} (D) 

Ans. 5 (C), 6 (B), 7 (D)

Sol. (5 to 7)
x4 –  x2 + 9 = 0  x2 = t  0  f(t) = t2 – t + 9 = 0

5. given equation has four real & distinct roots

D > 0  2 – 36 > 0
–b 
>0   >0
2a 2
f (0) > 0  9>0
   (6,)

6. Equation has no real roots.

case-I D  0  2 – 36 
–b
  <0
2a
f (0) > 0  9 > 0.
   (– , – 6]
case-II D < 0
 2 – 36 < 0    (– 6, 6)
union of both cases gives
  (– , 6)

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7. Equation has only two real roots

case-I f (0) < 0 9 < 0

which is false
case-II f (0) = 0
–b
and <0
2a
 No solution  Final answer is 

Comprehension # 4

To solve equation of type,

ax2m + bx2m – 1 + cx2m – 2 + ......... + kxm + ......... + cx2 + bx + a = 0, (a  0) → ()
divide by xm and rearrange terms to obtain
 1   1   1 
a  xm + m  + b  xm−1 + m−1  + c  xm−2 + m−2  + ......... + k = 0
 x   x   x 
Substitutions like
1 1
t=x+ or t=x– helps transforming equation into a reduced degree equation.
x x

8. Roots of equation x4 – 10x3 + 26x2 – 10x + 1 = 0 are

(A) 2 ± 3 , 3 ± 2 (B) 2 ± 3 , 3 ± 2 2
(C) 3 ± 2,3±2 2 (D) 8 ± 3 , 3 ± 2

Ans. (B)
10 1 1  1
Sol. Divide by x2  x2 – 10x + 26 – + 2 = 0  x2 + 2 – 10  x +  + 26 = 0
x x x  x
1 1
t=x+  t2 – 2 = x2 +  t2 – 2 – 10t + 26 = 0  t2 – 10t + 24 = 0
x x2
1
t=4 x+ =4  x2 – 4x + 1 = 0  x=2± 3
x
1
t=6 x+ =6  x2 – 6x + 1 = 0  x=3±2 2.
x

9. Roots of equation x5 – 5x4 + 9x3 – 9x2 + 5x – 1 = 0 are

3  5 1 i 3 5 3 3i
(A) 1, , (B) 1, ,
2 2 2 2
3 5 3i 5  3 1 i 3
(C) 1, , (D) 1, ,
2 2 2 2

Ans. (A)
Sol. By trail x = 1 is a root divide by x – 1

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 1 −5 9 −9 5 −1
1
 1 −4 5 −4 1
1 −4 5 −4 1 0
(x – 1) (x4 – 4x3 + 5x2 – 4x + 1) = 0  x=1 or x4 – 4x3 + 5x2 – 4x + 1 = 0
4 1 1 1
x2 – 4x + 5 – + =0  t=x+  t2 = x2 + 2 + 2
x x2 x x
1 1
t2 – 2 – 4t + 5 = 0  t2 – 4t + 3 = 0  x+ = 1, x + =3
x x
1 i 3 3 5
x2 – x + 1 = 0, x2 – 3x + 1 = 0  x= ,x=
2 2
1 i 3 3 5
 roots are 1, , .
2 2

10. Roots of equation x6 – 4x4 + 4x2 – 1 = 0 are

1 i 5 −1  5 1 5 −1  i 5
(A) ± 1, , (B) ± 1, ,
2 2 2 2
1  5 −1  5 −1  5 −1  i 5
(C) ± 1, , (D) ± 1, , .
2 2 2 2

Ans. (C)
4 1 1  1
Sol. Divide by x3  x3 – 4x + – 3 = 0; x3 – 3
– 4 x − = 0
x x x  x
1 1 1 1  1 1
Put t=x–  t3 = x3 – 3x2 + 3x 2 – 3 = x3 – 3  x −  – 3
x x x x  x x
1
t3 + 3t = x3 –
x3
Put in equation above t3 + 3t – 4t= 0  t3 – t = 0  t = 0, 1, –1
t3 + 3t – 4t= 0  t3 – t = 0  t = 0, 1, –1
1 1 1
x– = 0, x– = 1, x– =–1 ; x = ± 1, x2 – x – 1 = 0, x2 + x – 1 = 0
x x x
1 5 −1  5
x = ± 1, x= , x= .
2 2

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