Mechanical Properties of Solids

1. The bulk modulus of an ideal gas at constant temperature

a) Is equal to its volume 𝑉 b) Is equal to 𝑝/2
c) Is equal to its pressure 𝑝 d) Can not be determined
2. Young’s modulus of perfectly rigid body material is
a) Infinite b) Zero c) 10 × 10!" Nm#$ d) 1 × 10!" Nm#$
3. A graph is shown between stress and strain for a metal. The part in which Hooke’s law holds good is
Stress

A C
D
B

O Strain
a) 𝑂𝐴 b) 𝐴𝐵 c) 𝐵𝐶 d) 𝐶𝐷
4. Two identical wires are suspended from the same rigid support but one is of copper and the other is of
iron. Young’s modulus of iron is thrice that of copper. The weights to be added on copper and iron wires
so that the ends are on the same level must be in the ratio of
a) 1 : 3 b) 2 : 1 c) 3 : 1 d) 4 : 1

5. Young’s modulus of the wire depends on

a) Length of the wire b) Diameter of the wire
c) Material of the wire d) Mass hanging from the wire
6. Hooke’s law defines
a) Stress b) Strain c) Modulus of elasticity d) Elastic limit
7. The stress versus strain graphs for wires of two materials 𝐴 and 𝐵 are as shown in the figure. If 𝑌% and 𝑌&
are the Young’s modulii of the materials, then
Y

A
Stress

B
60o

30o X
O Strain

a) 𝑌& = 2𝑌% b) 𝑌% = 𝑌& c) 𝑌& = 3𝑌% d) 𝑌% = 3𝑌&

8. The diagram shows stress 𝑣/𝑠 strain curve for the materials 𝐴 and 𝐵. From the curves we infer that
A
Stress

Strain

a) 𝐴 is brittle but 𝐵 is ductile b) 𝐴 ductile and 𝐵 is brittle

c) Both 𝐴 and 𝐵 are ductile d) Both 𝐴 and 𝐵 are brittle
9. Which of the following rods of same material undergoes maximum elongation when subjected to a given
force?
a) L= 1m, d = 2 mm b) L= 1m, d = 1 mm c) L= 2m, d = 1 mm d) L= 2m, d = 2 mm
10. Which one of the following statements is wrong
a) Young’s modulus for a perfectly rigid body is zero
b) Bulk modulus is relevant for solids, liquids and gases
c) Rubber is less elastic than steel
d) The Young’s modulus and shear modulus are relevant for solids
11. The modulus of elasticity is dimensionally equivalent to
a) Surface tension b) Stress c) Strain d) None of these
12. A wire of length L and radius 𝑟 fixed at one end and a force F applied to the other end produces an extension𝑙.
The extension produced in another wire of the same material of length 2L and radius 2r by a force 2F, is
𝑙
a) 𝑙 b) 2 𝑙 c) 4 𝑙 d)
2
13. Which of the following substances has the highest elasticity?
a) Sponge b) Steel c) Rubber d) Copper
14. Two wires of the same material have lengths in the ratio 1 : 2 and their radii are in the ratio 1 : √2 . If they
are stretched by applying equal forces, the increase in their lengths will be in the ratio
c) 1 : 1 d) 1 : 2
a) √2 ∶ 2 b) 2 : √2
15. A copper wire of length 4.0𝑚 and area of cross-section 1.2𝑐𝑚$ is stretched with a force of 4.8 × 10' 𝑁. If
Young’s modulus for copper is 1.2 × 10!! 𝑁/𝑚$ , the increase in the length of the wire will be
a) 1.33 𝑚𝑚 b) 1.33 𝑐𝑚 c) 2.66 𝑚𝑚 d) 2.66 𝑐𝑚
16. The ratio of the adiabatic to isothermal elasticities of a triatomic gas is
3 4 5
a) b) c) 1 d)
4 3 3
17. Modulus of rigidity of a liquid
a) Non zero constant b) Infinite c) Zero d) Can not be predicted
18. There are two wires of the same length. The diameter of second wire is twice that of the first. On applying
the same load to both the wires, the extension produced in them will be in ratio of
a) 1:4 b) 1:2 c) 2:1 d) 4:1
19. A cube is subjected to a uniform volume compression. If the side of the cube decreases by 1% the bulk
strain is
a) 0.01 b) 0.02 c) 0.03 d) 0.06

20. The Young’s modulus of a wire of length 𝐿 and radius 𝑟 is 𝑌 𝑁/𝑚$ . If the length and radius are reduced to
𝐿/2 and 𝑟/2, then its Young’s modulus will be
a) 𝑌/2 b) 𝑌 c) 2𝑌 d) 4𝑌
21. According to Hooke’s law of elasticity, if stress is increased, them the ratio of stress to strain
a) Becomes zero b) Remains constant c) Decreases d) Increases
22. If the thickness of the wire is doubled, then the breaking force in the above question will be
a) 6𝐹 b) 4𝐹 c) 8𝐹 d) 𝐹
23. The diagram shows the change 𝑥 in the length of a thin uniform wire caused by the application of stress 𝐹
at two different temperatures 𝑇! and 𝑇$ . The variation shown suggest that
F
T2

T1

a) 𝑇! > 𝑇$ b) 𝑇! < 𝑇$ c) 𝑇! = 𝑇$ d) None of these

24. A ball falling in a lake of depth 200 m shows a decrease of 0.1% in its volume at the bottom. The bulk
modulus of elasticity of the material of the ball is (Take g=10 ms#$ )
( #$
a) 10 Nm b) 2 × 10( Nm#$ c) 3 × 10( Nm#$ d) 4 × 10( Nm#$
25. If 𝐸) and E* denote the isothermal and adiabatic elasticities respectively of a gas, then +!
,
"

a) < 1 b) > 1 c) = 1 d) = 3.2

26. The isothermal bulk modulus of a gas at atmospheric pressure is

a) 1 𝑚𝑚 of 𝐻𝑔 b) 13.6 𝑚𝑚 of 𝐻𝑔 c) 1.013 × 10- 𝑁/𝑚$ d) 2.026 × 10- 𝑁/𝑚$
27. A copper rod of length L and radius r is suspended from the ceiling by one of its ends. What will be
elongation of the rod due to its own weight when 𝜌 and 𝑌 are the density and Young’s modulus of the
copper respectively?
𝜌$ g𝐿$ 𝜌g𝐿$ 𝜌$ g $ 𝐿$ 𝜌g𝐿
a) b) c) d)
2𝑌 2𝑌 2𝑌 2𝑌
28. When a weight w is hung from one and of the wire other end being fixed, the elongation produced in it be
𝑙. If this wire goes over a pulley and two weights w each are hung at the two ends, the elongation of the
wire will be
a) 4𝑙 b) 2𝑙 c) 𝑙 d) 𝑙/2
29. 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two wires. The radius of 𝐴 is twice that of 𝐵. They are stretched by the same load. Then the
stress on 𝐵 is
a) Equal to that on 𝐴 b) Four times that on 𝐴 c) Two times that on 𝐴 d) Half that on 𝐴
30. Under elastic limit the stress is
a) Inversely, proportional to strain b) Directly proportional to strain
c) Square root of strain d) Independent of strain
31. In steel, the Young’s modulus and the strain at the breaking point are 2 × 10. Nm#$ and 0.15 respectively.
The stress at the break point for steel is
!! #$
a) 1.33 × 10 Nm b) 1.33 × 10!$ Nm#$ c) 2 × 10!" Nm#$ d) 3 × 10!" Nm#$
32. A cube of side 40 mm has its upper face displaced by 0.1 mm by a tangential force of 8 kN. The shearing
modulus of cube is
a) 2 × 10( Nm#$ b) 4 × 10( Nm#$ c) 8 × 10( Nm#$ d) 16 × 10( Nm#$

33. Which is the most elastic

a) Iron b) Coppera#####Z c) Quartz d) Wood
34. Identify the incorrect statement.
a) Young’s modulus and shear modulus are relevant only for solids
b) Bulk modulus is relevant for solids, liquids and gases
c) Alloys have larger values of Young’s modulus than metals
d) Metals have larger values of Young’s modulus than elastomers
 : HINTS AND SOLUTIONS :
1 (c) stress 𝐹/𝐴
𝑌= =
Isothermal bulk modulus = Pressure of gas strain 𝑙/𝐿
2 (a) Where F is force, A the area, 𝑙 the change in length
Young’s modulus of a material is given by and L the original length.
𝐹×𝐿 𝐹𝐿
𝑌= ∴ 𝑌 = 𝜋𝑟2𝑙
𝐴×𝑙
For a perfectly rigid body, 𝑟 being radius of the wire.
𝑙=0 Given 𝑟$ = 2𝑟! , 𝐿$ = 2𝐿! , 𝐹$ = 2𝐹!
∴ 𝑌 = ∞ (infinite) Since, Young’s modulus is a property of material,
3 (a) we have
In the figure 𝑂𝐴, stress ∝ strain 𝑖. 𝑒. Hooke’s law 𝑌! = 𝑌$
hold good 𝐹! 𝐿! 2𝐹! × 2𝐿!
∴ $ =
4 (a) 𝜋𝑟! 𝑙! 𝜋(2𝑟! )$ 𝑙$
𝑌 ∝𝐹 𝑙$ = 𝑙! = 𝑙
𝐹/0 𝑌/0 1 Hence, extension produced is same as that in the
∴ = = other wire.
𝐹12 𝑌+2 3
5 (c) 13 (b)
Young’s modulus of wire depends only on the Out of the given substances, steel has greater
nature of the material of the wire value of Young’s modulus. Therefore, steel has
6 (c) highest elasticity.
14 (c)
7 (d) 𝐹𝑙 𝐹
𝑌= $ or ∆𝑙 = $
𝑌% tan 𝜃% tan 60 √3 𝜋𝑟 ∆𝑙 𝜋𝑟 𝑌
= = = = 3 ⇒ 𝑌% = 3𝑌& 1 2𝑙 1
𝑌& tan 𝜃& tan 30 1/√3 ∆𝑙 ∝ $ , ∆𝑙 8 ∝ $ or ∆𝑙 8 ∝ $
𝑟 Œ√2𝑟• 𝑟
8 (b)
In ductile materials, yield point exist while in ∆𝑙
∴ =1
Brittle material, failure would occur without ∆𝑙 8
15 (a)
yielding
𝐹𝐿 4.8 × 10' × 4
9 (c) 𝑙= = = 1.33 𝑚𝑚
! % % 𝐴𝑌 1.2 × 10#9 × 1.2 × 10!!
As 𝑙 = 34
× & so, 𝑙 ∝ '4
"# 5 $
𝐿 16 (b)
is maximum for option (c). 9
𝑑$ For triatomic gas 𝛾 = '
17 (c)
10 (a)
18 (d)
11 (b) #$%&'
:;<=>>
Young’s modulus, 𝑌 = :;<?@A = (%')
*
12 (a) +

When strain is small, the ratio of the longitudinal Where, 𝑙 is change in length and L the original
stress to the corresponding longitudinal strain is length.
called the Young’s modulus (Y) of the material of Force =𝑚g, Area = 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 $
the body.
 𝐹𝐿 𝐸) 1
∴𝑌= ∴ = ,Υ > 1
𝜋𝑟 $ 𝑙 E* Υ
𝑌! 𝐹! 𝐿! 𝜋𝑟$$ 𝑙$ 𝐸)
∴ = $ × ∴ <1
𝑌$ 𝜋𝑟! 𝑙! 𝐹$ 𝐿$ E*
B, C-
⟹ = C-- 26 (c)
B- ,
Isothermal elasticity 𝐾I = 𝑃 = 1𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 1.013 ×
(as all other quantities remain same for both the
10- 𝑁/𝑚$
wires)
27 (d)
Given, 𝑟$ = 2𝑟!
The weight of the rod can be assumed to act at its
𝑙! (2𝑟! )$ 4
∴ = = mid-point.
𝑙$ 𝑟!$ 1
Now, the mass of the rod is
19 (c)
𝑀 = 𝑉ρ
Let L be the length of each side of cube. Initial
⟹ 𝑀 = 𝐴𝐿ρ
volume = 𝐿' . When each side decreases by 1%.
! ((D
Here, 𝐴 = area of cross − sections,
New length 𝐿8 = 𝐿 − !"" = !"" L= length of the rod.
((D ' Now, we know that the Young’s modulus
New volume = 𝐿8' = • ‘ , change in volume,
!""
99𝐿 '
∆𝑉 = 𝐿' − ’ ”
100
' ' 'D.
= 𝐿' •1 − •1 − !"" + ⋯ ‘˜ = 𝐿' •!""˜ = !""
∆𝑉 3𝐿' /100
∴ 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.03
𝑉 𝐿'
20 (b)
Young’s modulus of wire does not vary with
dimension of wire. It is the property of given
material
21 (b)
According the Hooke’s law modulus of elasticity E. JKD
Stress 𝐿
= = Constant 𝑌= $ (Here, 𝐿 = , 𝑙 = extension)
Strain 𝐴∙𝑙 2
56+
Hence, if stress is increased, then the ratio of
⟹ 𝑙 = %L -
stress to strain remains constant.
JKD
22 (b) or 𝑙 = $%L
Breaking force ∝ 𝜋𝑟 $ On putting the value of M from Eq.(i), we get
If thickness (radius) of wire is doubled then 𝐴𝐿ρ ∙ g𝐿
𝑙=
breaking force will become four times 2𝐴𝑌
MKD-
23 (a) or 𝑙 = $L
Elasticity of wire decreases at high temperature 28 (c)
𝑖. 𝑒. at higher temperature slope of graph will be 𝑤 𝐿 𝑤𝐿
less 𝑌 = × or 𝑙 =
𝐴 𝑙 𝑌𝐴
So we can say that 𝑇! > 𝑇$ When wire goes over a pulley and weight w is
24 (b) attached each free ad end of wire, then the
∆𝑝 = ℎ𝜌g = 200 × 10' × 10Nm#$ tension in the wire is doubled, but the original
= 2 × 10. Nm#$ length of wire is reduced to half, so extension in
∆F $ ×!"1 $×!"4 #$ the wire is
K = ∆0 = 2., = Nm = 2 ×
".! $N×(D/$) ND
(
0
#$
,22
𝑙8 = L%
= L% = 𝑙
10 Nm
25 (a) 29 (b)
force 1
Isothermal elasticity = p, Adiabatic elasticity = Stress = ∴ Stress ∝ $
Area 𝜋𝑟
𝛾𝑃

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 𝑆& 𝑟% $ 8 × 10' × 40 × 10#'
= ’ ” = (2)$ ⇒ 𝑆& = 4𝑆% = = 2 × 10( Nm#$
𝑆% 𝑟& (40 × 10#' )$ × (0.1 × 10#' )
30 (b) 33 (c)

31 (d) 34 (d)
Stress = Strain Metals have larger values of Young’s modulus
= 2 × 10!! × 0.15 Nm#$ = 3 × 10!" Nm#$ than elastomers because the alloys having high
32 (a) densities, 𝑖𝑒, alloys have larger values of Young’s
Shearing modulus of cube modulus than metals.
𝐹𝐿
ɳ=
𝐴𝑙

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