Methodology

The research approach focuses on the latest technology that can be

used to provide an alternative to the current approach to agriculture.
The study is divided into 3 sections. Section 1 deals with machine
learning and precision agriculture, section 2 deals with outcomes and
consequences, section 3 deals with the future and scope of the
future.
1. Machine Learning Cognitive Technology
According to Machine Learning is a branch of artificial intelligence
and computer science responsible for the development of
algorithms that represent independent learning materials. With the
help of accurate and efficient machine learning systems capable of
exploring a very broad set of tasks are developed to solve day-to-day
tasks. Scientists can use computer simulations to perform early plant
experiments to determine how certain species can adapt to different
climates, soil types, climatic patterns, and more. These digital
experiments do not replace field testing, but allow plant growers to
more accurately predict crop performance.

Figure1. Machine learning data processing diagram

Information about the plant species to be tested is used as input and
transmission through a surveyed, supervised or non-monitored
machine learning system such as Random Forest, Logistics
regression, Decision tree and vector support machine etc. The
method analyses the input to extract relevant features and
information related to the issue. Dependingon the variety and
functions set, the processing algorithm performs the data analysis
and provides the output of possible split or retrospective output.
2. Impact of Precision Agriculture
Using agricultural understanding technology can help determine the
best crop selection for different climatic conditions and best suits
the needs of farmers. This can be achieved byanalysing and
comparing information about seed varieties, climate, soil types,
specific attack’s location, probability of disease and data about what
worked best, annual results, current market trends, prices and
consumer needs. Farmers can then decide how to increase their crop
yields.The speed at which machine learning technology develops will
show that the agricultural industry is on the verge of technological
change under artificial intelligence as its driving force.
3. Machine Learning Algorithm for Prediction
Machine learning is often used in agricultural problems. It is used in
the analysis of bigdata collections and information categories to
create useful fields and patterns. The generalpurpose of machine
learning is to extract data from data collection and convert it into
anunderstandable framework for continuous use. Based on
accessible information, this document analyses the crop yield form.
To increase crop production, a machine learning method was usedto
predict crop yields. This reflects the distribution of the predicted
yield forecast. As shown in the above scenario, devices are used on
the farm to obtain information connected to humidity, temperature,
rainfall and pH. Logistics Regression algorithms are used to identify
data obtained. The expected result indicates any soil that may be
suitable for certain crops and the condition of groundwater.
A. Overview of Data
We get information from various places and organize data sets in
this category. And for analytics, these data sets are used. Online
tools such as Data.gov.in and Kaggle.com are also used to create
accurate information. Time shows that the height of the plant
indicates the temperature required for the plant in months, the
minimum and the size of the feature. N, P, K values are plant-specific
fertilizers, low and high pH values, maximum and minimum rainfall
requires for crops and soil moisture levels. Use the data to estimate
only for limited crops like fruits, grains, beans etc. and the farmer
must be financially strong to use this project or this application. Also,
for the weather, we should use only two factors namely temperature
and rainfall. For soil, we should use only certain elements like
nitrogen (N), potassium (P), phosphorus (K), moisture, pH etc. The
data sets has 2,200 records and 8 attributes.
B. Logistics Regression
The logistic regression algorithm in ML is taken from the general
logistic regression model in statistics. In modelling yields from a
cropping system based on agronomy (upper and lower), the logistics
function is estimated as follows:
In this case, we are modelling the potential for an input (X) (yield
from four different crop systems) class (Y = 1 (Highlands)), and we
can formally write it as:
P(X) = P (Y = 1|X).
The logistic regression algorithm (LR) was used as the classification
method (linear method), but the estimates were changed using the
logistic function. The function can be called:
P(X) = ℮∗ (β0 + β1 ∗ X )/(1 + ℮β0 + β1 ∗ X )
C. Random Forest
Random Forest is a supervised learning algorithm used for both
classification and regression. The Random Forest Algorithm builds a
decisive tree on different data models and then estimates the data
from each subset and provides a better solution for the system
through polling. Used the bagging method to train random forest
data. The bagging method is to study different models and improve
the result of the system. We used a random forest algorithm to
obtain high accuracy, which gives the accuracy estimated by the
model and the actual results of the estimate in the datasets. The
decisive tree is formed from data and tree patterns in the random
forest provides an estimate from each family and select the best
solution by voting to provide better accuracy to the model. This will
give the correct results for the system.
D. Decision Tree
The Decision Tree is a data structure constructed using nodes (values
or conditions) and margins (connecting all nodes). The decision tree
is constructed based on a data sets thatcontains the characteristics
or features that characterize the raw data for each record. Each node
in a tree can be a decision-making node or a leaf node that delivers a
result. The ID3 algorithm before the C4.5 algorithm tries to build the
decision tree as small as possible. It uses the entropy of each feature
to determine which edge to follow. Since ID3 is a greedy top-down
approach, it identifies the feature with extreme values (highest data
gain features). It helps to identify which features are from the most
homogeneous branches.
E. Support Vector Machine
Like a popular machine learning algorithm, SVM is a new generation
learning system. Based on recent advances in statistical learning
theory. This VC Absorbs the principle of the magnitude and principle
of the minimum structural risk to the objective function and then
find the partition hyperplane that can meet the square requirement.
The important advantage of SVM is that it can be theoretically
analysed using cutting concepts from computational learning theory
and achieve cutting-edge performance. Recently, it has also been
applied to several realworld issues such as handwriting recognition,
data retrieval, and biomedical data classification. In this paper, SVM is
introduced to classify farm data to improve farm data classification
performance.