COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

CLASS 12
SUBJECT- PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER- 3 MEETING LIFE CHALLENGES

Question:
Explain the concept of stress. Differentiate between eustress and distress with examples.

Answer:
Stress refers to a state of mental or emotional strain resulting from adverse or demanding
circumstances. It involves physiological and psychological responses to perceived threats or
challenges.

• Eustress: It is a positive form of stress that enhances performance and motivation.

For example, preparing for an important exam might increase focus and energy to
perform well.
• Distress: It is negative stress that hampers functioning and well-being. For example,
continuous financial worries may lead to anxiety and inability to cope.

2. Competency: Analyzing Coping Mechanisms

Question:
What are the different types of coping strategies? Provide examples for each.

Answer:
Coping strategies refer to behavioral and cognitive efforts to manage stress. The two main
types are:

• Problem-focused coping: It involves tackling the source of stress directly. For

example, a student who is stressed about poor grades may work on improving their
study habits.
• Emotion-focused coping: This involves regulating emotions in response to stress,
such as seeking social support or using relaxation techniques. For example, someone
upset about a personal loss may talk to a friend to feel better.

3. Competency: Application of Stress Models

Question:
Using Lazarus’ Cognitive Appraisal Model, explain how an individual may perceive a
situation as stressful or non-stressful.

Answer:
According to Lazarus' Cognitive Appraisal Model, stress is a result of how individuals
evaluate (or appraise) an event.

• Primary appraisal: The person first assesses whether the situation is threatening or
not. For example, if a student is given an unexpected test, they may perceive it as a
threat (stressful) or a challenge (non-stressful), depending on their preparedness.
 • Secondary appraisal: The individual evaluates their ability to cope with the
situation. If they believe they have the resources to manage the test (e.g., study notes
or time), they may experience less stress. However, if they feel unprepared, their
stress level increases.

4. Competency: Understanding Health and Stress Relationship

Question:
Discuss how chronic stress can impact physical and psychological health.

Answer:
Chronic stress has detrimental effects on both physical and psychological health.

• Physical Health: Chronic stress can lead to health problems such as hypertension,
cardiovascular diseases, weakened immune system, and gastrointestinal issues.
• Psychological Health: It may contribute to mental health issues like anxiety,
depression, sleep disturbances, and burnout. For instance, someone under constant
work pressure may experience persistent anxiety, leading to a decline in both their
mental and physical health.

5. Competency: Analyzing Factors Influencing Stress

Question:
What are the factors that influence the level of stress experienced by an individual? Illustrate
with examples.

Answer:
Several factors influence how individuals experience stress:

• Personality Type: People with Type A personality are more prone to stress due to
their competitive and high-achieving nature, while Type B individuals tend to be
more relaxed and handle stress better.
• Social Support: Individuals with strong social networks are better at coping with
stress. For example, a person facing job stress may feel supported and less
overwhelmed if they can rely on friends and family.
• Control Over the Situation: If a person perceives they have control over a situation,
they may feel less stressed. For instance, someone who feels they can manage their
workload is likely to experience less stress than someone who feels helpless in a
similar situation.

6. Competency: Understanding Coping Flexibility

Question:
What is coping flexibility, and why is it important in dealing with stress?

Answer:
Coping flexibility refers to the ability to modify coping strategies depending on the demands
of the situation. It is important because not all strategies are suitable for every situation. A
person with coping flexibility can evaluate the effectiveness of their approach and change it if
needed. For example, in a situation where a person cannot solve a problem (like grieving a
loss), emotion-focused coping (seeking emotional support) may be more effective than
problem-focused coping.
7. Competency: Applying Positive Health Strategies

Question:
Explain the concept of positive health. What strategies can be used to promote positive health
in the face of stress?

Answer:
Positive health refers to the overall well-being of an individual, encompassing physical,
mental, and social health. To promote positive health, individuals can use:

• Exercise and Physical Activity: Regular exercise helps reduce stress by releasing
endorphins, the body's natural mood lifters.
• Relaxation Techniques: Methods like meditation, yoga, and deep-breathing
exercises can help calm the mind and reduce stress levels.
• Balanced Diet and Sleep: A healthy diet and sufficient sleep are critical for
maintaining physical and mental health during stressful periods.
• Social Connections: Maintaining supportive relationships can provide emotional
comfort and practical assistance when facing stress.

8. Competency: Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Question:
Ravi is a college student feeling overwhelmed by the pressure of exams, extracurricular
activities, and family expectations. Using the problem-solving approach, outline a step-by-
step method Ravi can use to cope with his stress.

Answer:
To help Ravi cope with his stress, he can follow these problem-solving steps:

1. Identify the problem: Recognize that the stress is coming from multiple sources –
exams, extracurriculars, and family pressure.
2. Break it down: Tackle one area at a time. Prioritize the most immediate concern
(e.g., exams) and delegate time for other issues later.
3. Generate solutions: For exam stress, Ravi could create a study schedule. For
extracurricular activities, he could reduce participation if it's overwhelming. For
family expectations, he could communicate with them about the pressure he feels.
4. Evaluate the options: Choose solutions that are practical and manageable. For
example, focus on a study schedule and balance other activities accordingly.
5. Implement the solution: Follow the study schedule while maintaining a dialogue
with his family and activity coordinators.
6. Monitor the outcome: If stress levels reduce, continue with the plan. If not, adjust
the strategy by seeking further support or modifying the schedule.
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