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question bank chapter 1

Chapter 1 discusses sexual reproduction in angiosperms, highlighting their floral structure, including sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, as well as processes like microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. It explains the unique double fertilization process in angiosperms and the development of seeds and fruits from ovules and ovaries. The chapter also includes multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blanks, and short answer questions related to the reproductive mechanisms and characteristics of angiosperms.

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23 views5 pages

question bank chapter 1

Chapter 1 discusses sexual reproduction in angiosperms, highlighting their floral structure, including sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, as well as processes like microsporogenesis and megasporogenesis. It explains the unique double fertilization process in angiosperms and the development of seeds and fruits from ovules and ovaries. The chapter also includes multiple-choice questions, fill-in-the-blanks, and short answer questions related to the reproductive mechanisms and characteristics of angiosperms.

Uploaded by

i.kashifmohd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1

Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms

Key Points:

 Angiosperms are the most developed and abundant plants, with approximately 300,000 species identified.
 The smallest angiosperm is Wolffia, while the largest is Sequoia.
 The floral organs include sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels, which are arranged in whorls.
 Petals contain pigments that attract pollinators.
 The floral structure includes:
o Calyx: Sepals
o Corolla: Petals
o Androecium: Male reproductive organ (stamens)
o Gynoecium: Female reproductive organ (carpels)
 Microsporogenesis is the process of pollen formation in the anther.
 Megasporogenesis involves the formation of a megaspore inside the ovule.
 The embryo sac (female gametophyte) is formed from the functional megaspore.
 The ovule develops into a seed after fertilization, while the ovary matures into fruit.
 In Polygonum, the most common type of embryo sac is 7-nucleate and 8-celled.
 Double fertilization is unique to angiosperms, involving:
o Syngamy: Fusion of the egg and sperm cells.
o Triple fusion: Fusion of a sperm cell with the central cell nuclei.

Multiple-Choice Questions:

(i) What is the function of the ovary in a flower?

 (a) Producing female gametes


 (b) Producing male gametes
 (c) Attracting insects
 (d) Protecting the flower

(ii) Which of these develops into the seed after fertilization?

 (a) Ovule
 (b) Ovary
 (c) Pollen
 (d) Embryo

(iii) How many nuclei are found in a mature Polygonum type embryo sac?

 (a) 6 nuclei
 (b) 8 nuclei
 (c) 4 nuclei
 (d) 2 nuclei

(iv) Double fertilization is unique to:


 (a) Gymnosperms
 (b) Pteridophytes
 (c) Angiosperms
 (d) Bryophytes

(iv) In plants, the term 'cohesion' is explained by:

 (a) Malpighi
 (b) Darwin
 (c) Dixon and Joly
 (d) Strasburger

(v) The discovery of 'Double Fertilization' was made by:

 (a) Nawaschin
 (b) Guignard
 (c) Swaminathan
 (d) Hofmeister

(vi) The type of embryo sac found in Polygonum is:

 (a) 8-nucleate, 6-celled


 (b) 7-nucleate, 8-celled
 (c) 8-nucleate, 8-celled
 (d) 7-nucleate, 7-celled

(vii) The most abundant organic compound on Earth is:

 (a) Starch
 (b) Protein
 (c) Glycogen
 (d) Cellulose

(viii) What is the source of oxygen in the process of photosynthesis?

 (a) Glucose
 (b) Water
 (c) ATP
 (d) Chlorophyll

(ix) Which pigment helps in perceiving red light?

 (a) Xanthophyll
 (b) Carotene
 (c) Phytochrome
 (d) Chlorophyll

(x) What is the function of gibberellins?

 (a) Respiration
 (b) Transpiration
 (c) Germination
2. Fill in the Blanks:

(i)Fungi belong to the kingdom __________.

(ii) The first pair of wings in beetles (Coleoptera) is modified into __________.

(iii) A seed without endosperm is known as __________.

(iv) Photosynthesis involves __________ molecules of ATP and NADPH for the synthesis of one glucose molecule.

(v) The bones of the pelvic girdle are __________ and __________.

(vi) Monocots typically have __________ cotyledons.

(vii) __________ is the chemical compound responsible for imparting the red color to the blood.

(viii) Plant hormones that stimulate growth are called __________.

(ix) Ligaments connect __________ to __________.

(x) Fruits developed without fertilization are termed __________.

3. Answer in Brief:

(i) In which type of cell is the number of mitochondria the highest?

(ii) Explain the importance of mitosis.

(iii) What are the distinguishing features of gymnosperms?

(iv) What is a seed? Describe the parts of a seed with a diagram.

(v) Which plant reproduces through vegetative propagation?

(vi) In angiosperms, where is the egg cell found?

(vii) How many nuclei are present in the pollen tube?

(viii) In angiosperms, the ovule develops into how many seeds after fertilization?

(ix) Name the plants in which the inflorescence appears as a flower.

4. Match the Following:


Column A Column B
(i) अगुणजनन (Parthenogenesis) (a) Without fertilization
(ii) बहुभ्रूणता (Polyembryony) (b) Formation of multiple embryos
(iii) अपोमिमसिि (Apomixis) (c) Asexual reproduction
(iv) अगर्भजनन (Parthenocarpy) (d) Development of seedless fruit
(v) अमिफल (False fruit) (e) Fruit developed from floral parts
(vi) िंयुक्तफल (Aggregate) (f) Fruit from one ovary, multiple seeds
(vii) िंयुक्तफल (Composite fruit) (g) Fruit from an inflorescence

5. Match Pollination Modes:

Column A Column B
(i) पवनपरागण (Anemophily) (a) Pollination by wind
(ii) ििुपरागण (Entomophily) (b) Pollination by insects
(iii) पक्षीपरागण (Zoophily) (c) Pollination by birds
(iv) जलपरागण (Hydrophily) (d) Pollination through water
(v) शल्यकपरागण (Chiropterophily) (e) Pollination by bats
(vi) जीवपरागण (Malacophily) (f) Pollination by snails
(vii) थेरोफफली (Therophily) (g) Pollination by mammals

Answer in Brief (2 Marks Each):

1. Define parthenogenesis and give examples.


2. What is the importance of fertilization in plants?
3. Write a short note on apomixis.
4. Describe aggregate fruits with examples.
5. What are the advantages of vegetative propagation?
6. Write any two benefits of cross-pollination.
7. What is Bagging?
8. What is Vivipary?
9. What is a virtual fruit?
10. Write any two significances of tapetum.

Short Answer Questions (3 Marks Each):

1. Explain the different layers of the seed coat in detail.


2. Write a note on Parthenogenesis.
3. Draw a labeled diagram of the longitudinal section of a typical flower.
4. Explain Polyembryony briefly.
5. Write only the names of the male and female reproductive organs of a flower.
6. Explain insect pollination in Salvia.
7. What is fertilization? Explain fertilization in flowering plants.
8. Describe pollination in Vallisneria.
9. Write any three differences between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
10. Draw a labeled diagram of the structure of an ovule.
11. Explain microsporogenesis (pollen formation) briefly.
12. What are Monosporic and Bisporic embryo sac developments? Explain.
13. Depict the types of ovules using only labeled diagrams.
14. Explain the differences between male gametophytes and female gametophytes.
15. What is pollination? Explain its types briefly.
16. What do you understand by Double Fertilization and Triple Fusion? Explain.
17. What is Endosperm? Write its functions.
18. Briefly describe the changes that occur during the transformation of an ovule into a seed.
19. What is a fruit? Write the types of fruits based on dehiscence.
20. What is Apomixis? Briefly explain its types.

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