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Salt Analysis-Procedure

The document outlines a systematic approach to identify the anions and cations present in an inorganic salt through various chemical tests and observations. It details the physical appearance of the salt, followed by a series of confirmatory tests for different ions, including CO32-, CH3COO-, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, Pb2+, Al3+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Group 5 ions. The results of each test lead to confirmations of the presence or absence of specific ions in the salt.

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bhullibhatt21
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1 views

Salt Analysis-Procedure

The document outlines a systematic approach to identify the anions and cations present in an inorganic salt through various chemical tests and observations. It details the physical appearance of the salt, followed by a series of confirmatory tests for different ions, including CO32-, CH3COO-, Cl-, Br-, NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, Pb2+, Al3+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Group 5 ions. The results of each test lead to confirmations of the presence or absence of specific ions in the salt.

Uploaded by

bhullibhatt21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SALT ANALYSIS

AIM: To identify the anion and cation present in the given inorganic
salt.

1. PHYSICAL APPEARANCE:
Colour :
Solubility in water:
Appearance: White amorphous solid/ Colourless crystalline solid

S.
EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
No.

2. To the salt taken in a Evolution of a CO32- may be


test tube add dilute colourless odourless present.
H2SO4. gas with brisk
effervescence.

(No gas evolved) (CO32-, S2-,


SO32-, NO2-
absent)

3. Confirmatory test of Lime water turns CO32-


CO32-: milky. confirmed.
To the salt taken in a
U-tube add dil.H2SO4
and pass the gas
evolved through lime
water.

4. To the salt taken on a Vinegar smell CH3COO-


watch glass add a few observed. may be
drops of dilute H2SO4. present.
Rub with fingers and
smell.
(Vinegar smell not (CH3COO-
observed.) absent.)
5. Confirmatory test of Red colour observed CH3COO-
CH3COO-: confirmed.
To the salt solution
add FeCl3 solution

6. To the salt taken in a Colourless gas with a Cl- may be


test tube add conc. pungent smell is present.
H2SO4 observed. The fumes
intensify when a rod
dipped in NH4OH
solution is brought
close to the mouth of
the test tube.

Red coloured gas Br- may be


evolved present.

Heat and add a paper Brown coloured gas NO3- may


ball evolved. present

(No gas evolved) (Cl-, Br-,


NO3-
absent)

7. Confirmatory Test for


Cl-:
To the salt solution White ppt. is formed. Cl-
add silver nitrate confirmed.
solution.
Add NH4OH to the ppt. Ppt dissolves in NH4OH

8. Confirmatory Test for


Br-:
To the salt solution Pale yellow ppt. is Br-
add silver nitrate formed. confirmed.
solution.
Add NH4OH to the ppt. Ppt is sparingly soluble
in NH4OH.

9. Confirmatory test for


NO3- :
BROWN RING TEST- A brown ring is formed NO3-
To the salt solution at the junction of the confirmed.
add freshly prepared two solutions.
FeSO4 solution. To the
mixture add conc.
H2SO4 slowly along the
walls of the test tube.

10. To the salt solution White ppt. is observed. SO42-


add BaCl2 solution. confirmed.

11. To the salt taken in a Smell of ammonia NH4+ may be


test tube add NaOH observed. present.
solution. Heat the
mixture.
(ammoniacal smell [Group zero
not observed) (NH4+)
absent]

12. Add Nessler’s Reagent Brown coloured ppt NH4+


to the salt solution observed. confirmed.

13. To the salt solution White Ppt. observed Pb2+ may be


add dil. HCl. present.

(White ppt not [Group 1


observed) absent]

14. Confirmatory test of


Pb2+:
Centrifuge the
precipitate and Boil the
white ppt. with distilled
water and divide the
solution in two parts:

i) To part I taken Yellow ppt. observed Pb2+


in a test tube confirmed.
add potassium
iodide
solution.

ii) To part II taken Yellow ppt. observed Pb2+


in a test tube confirmed.
add potassium
chromate
solution.

15. To the salt solution White ppt observed. Al3+ may be


add NH4Cl and NH4OH present.
solution.
(White ppt not [Group 3
observed) absent]

16. Confirmatory test of


Al3+:
BLUE LAKE TEST- To Blue ppt suspended in Al3+
the white ppt taken in a colourless medium is confirmed.
a test tube add dilute observed.
HCl and few drops of
blue litmus solution.
Add excess of NH4OH
solution in excess.

17. To the salt solution White ppt observed. Zn2+ may be


add NH4Cl, NH4OH present.
and pass H2S gas.
Flesh coloured ppt Mn2+ may be
observed. present

(White/ flesh [Group 4


coloured ppt not ions
observed) absent]
17.
Confirmatory test of
Zn2+:
Dissolve the white ppt
in dil. HCl and divide
the solution in two
parts
i) Add potassium
ferrocyanide Blueish white ppt Zn2+
to part I. observed. confirmed.
ii) Add NaOH
solution to White ppt observed Zn2+
part II. which is soluble in confirmed.
excess of NaOH
18.
Confirmatory test of
Mn2+:
Dissolve the flesh
coloured ppt in conc. Pink coloured solution Mn2+
HNO3 and add lead obtained. confirmed.
oxide. Boil the mixture.
Cool the solution

19.
To the salt solution,
add solid NH4Cl, White ppt observed. Group 5 ions
NH4OH and (NH4)2CO3 (Ba2+, Sr2+,
solution. Ca2+) may be
present.

(White ppt not [Group 5


observed) ions (Ba ,
2+
20. Sr2+, Ca2+)
Confirmatory test of absent]
Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+:
Dissolve the white ppt.
in dil. Acetic acid and
boil off CO2: Divide the
solution in three parts:

i) Add potassium
chromate
solution to
part I. Yellow ppt observed. Ba2+
confirmed
ii) Add (NH4)2SO4
solution to
part II. White ppt observed. Sr2+
confirmed.
iii) Add ammonium
oxalate
solution to
White ppt observed. Ca2+
part III.
21. confirmed

Flame Test:
To the salt taken on a
watch glass add a few Light green flame Ba2+
drops of conc. HCl. confirmed.
With the help of a
glass rod show the Crimson red flame Sr2+
past to the flame. confirmed.
22.
Brick red flame Ca2+
To the salt solution confirmed.
add NH4Cl, a few drops
of NH4OH and excess White ppt observed. Mg2+
of disodium hydrogen confirmed.
phosphate solution.
Result
Anion present in the given salt :
Cation present in the given salt :

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