RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY CHIRO CAMPUS

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

MAGNITUDE OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG

FEMALE IN THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP IN GELEMSO
TOWN, HABRO WOREDA, OROMIA REGION, EAST ETHIOPIA,
2024.

Research Proposal
BY
1. AHMED ABDELLA MARUF 0010/21
2. MOHAMMED ABADIR 0150/21
3. MUME AWEL AHIMED 0096/21
4. SABONTU JIBRIL 0113/21

ADVISOR: EBISA ZERIHUN (BSC, MSC)

JULY, 2024
CHIRO, ETHIOPIA
 RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY CHIRO CAMPUS
FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

MAGNITUDE OF EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG

FEMALE IN THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP IN GELEMSO
TOWN, HABRO WOREDA, OROMIA REGION, EAST ETHIOPIA,
2024.

A Research Proposal to be Submitted to Rift Valley University Department

of Nursing in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for Degree of
Bachelor Science in Nursing

Research Proposal
BY
1. AHMED ABDELLA MARUF 0010/21
2. MOHAMMED ABADIR 0150/21
3. MUME AWEL AHIMED 0096/21
4. SABONTU JIBRIL 0113/21

ADVISOR: EBISA ZERIHUN (BSC, MSC)

JULY, 2024
CHIRO, ETHIOPIA
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, we like to express our gratitude to our all-powerful Allah. Second, we
would like to sincerely thank the Rift Valley University nursing department for this
opportunity. Particular gratitude is extended to our adviser, Mr. Ebisa Zerihun (BSc, MSc),
for his guidance, critical analysis, and leadership during the preparation of our study
proposal. Thank you to the municipal administration office of Gelemso and the Rift Valley
University librarian. Finally, we want to sincerely thank our colleagues for helping us with
our research by contributing ideas and important information.

I
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................I

TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................................................................II

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS................................................................................IV

LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................V

SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................VI

1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1

1.1. Back ground....................................................................................................................1

1.2. Statement of the Problem................................................................................................2

1.3. Significant of the Study...................................................................................................4

1.4. Objectives........................................................................................................................5

1.4.1. General Objective.....................................................................................................5

1.4.2. Specific Objectives...................................................................................................5

2. LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................................6

3. METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................9

3.1. Study Area and Period....................................................................................................9

3.2. Study design....................................................................................................................9

3.3. Population.......................................................................................................................9

3.3.1. Source population.....................................................................................................9

3.3.2. Study population......................................................................................................9

3.4. Criteria of legibility.........................................................................................................9

3.4.1. Inclusion criteria.......................................................................................................9

3.4.2. Exclusion criteria.....................................................................................................9

3.5. Sample size determination..............................................................................................9

3.6. Sampling procedures (techniques)................................................................................10

3.7. Data collection processes..............................................................................................10

3.8. Study Variables.............................................................................................................10

II
 3.8.1. Dependent Variables..............................................................................................10

3.8.2. Independent Variables............................................................................................10

3.9. Operational definition.......................................................................................................10

3.10. Data processing and analysis......................................................................................11

3.11. Data quality assurance.................................................................................................12

3.12. Ethical clearance.........................................................................................................12

3.13. Dissemination of result...............................................................................................12

4. TENTATIVE WORK PLAN...............................................................................................13

5. BUDGET BREAKDOWN...................................................................................................14

5.1. Personnel costs..............................................................................................................14

5.2. Transportation and Communication cost......................................................................14

5.3. Cost of supplies.............................................................................................................14

5.4. Summary of Budget Notification..................................................................................15

6. REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................16

7. ANNEXES...........................................................................................................................22

Annex 1: Consent form for head of Gelemso town administrators.....................................22

Annex 2: Consent form for female who live in Gelemso town...........................................23

Annex 3: English version questioners..................................................................................24

Annex 4: Afan Oromo version Questionnaires....................................................................29

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 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

AOR Adjusted odds ratio.

COC Combined Oral Contraceptives.
Cu-T Copper T intra uterine Device.
EC Emergency contraceptive.
ECPs Emergency contraceptive pills.
FP Family planning.
IUCD Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device.
KAP Knowledge, attitude and practices.
MOH Ministry of Health.
NGO None Governmental Organizations.
WHO World health organization.

IV
 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Work plan schedule for activities to be implemented for study to assess magnitude
of emergency contraceptive use among female in the reproductive age group in Gelemso
town, Habro woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia, 2024.......................................................13
Table 2: Budget breakdown for activities to be implemented for study to assess magnitude of
emergency contraceptive use among female in the reproductive age group in Gelemso town,
Habro woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia, 2024.................................................................14

V
 SUMMARY

Background: Globally, approximately 213 million pregnancies occurred annually, out of

which, 40% were unintended. In Africa, from a total of 53.8 million pregnancies, 35% were
unintended pregnancy in 2014. Most of them were terminated unsafely which can results in
different complications. Consistent and frequent use of emergency contraception is a very
much important factor to be effective in reducing the rate of unintended pregnancy. There is
limited information about magnitude of emergency contraceptive use among female in the
reproductive age group in Gelemso town for which this study to be conducted.

Objective: To assess the magnitude of emergency contraceptive use among female in the
reproductive age group in Gelemso town, Habro woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia, 2024.

Methods: Community based cross-sectional study will be conducted on 422 female in

reproductive age group in Gelemso town, Habro woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia. Study
participants will be selected using a systematic random sampling technique. Data will be
collected by interviewing using pre tested structured questionnaire. Microsoft excel will be
used for data entry and analysis. The descriptive statistics summary like frequency,
magnitude, cross tabs and graphical presentation will be performed to visualize the results of
the study. Then findings will be changed in to numerical value, texts, percentages, graphs,
tables and figures.
Budget: 16,857.5 ETB will be a total expected cost to carry out the research.

Work Plan: This study will take place from July, 2024 to September, 2024.

Keywords: Emergency contraceptive use, magnitude, Galemso general hospital, east

Ethiopia.

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Back ground
Emergency contraception (EC) unlike other regular methods of contraception which are taken
prior to the sexual act, is a method used for prevention of unintended pregnancy when taken

VI
within 5 days after unanticipated sexual intercourse such as rape or accidental phenomenon
like leakage or breakage of condom, contraceptive failure, failed coitus interruptus, three or
more consecutive missed oral contraceptive pills, more than 4 weeks late for the depo
medroxy progesterone acetate progestogen-only injection or non-use of any contraception
(WHO, 2017).

There are two types of emergency contraception. Hormonal methods (pills) and Intrauterine
devices (IUDs). Hormonal emergency contraceptive pills consist of a) combined oral
contraceptive pills: which contain estrogen and progestin taken within 72 hours of
unprotected sexual intercourse and then 12 hours late. b) Progesterone only pills one pill
should be taken as the first dose as soon as convenient, but not later than 3 days (72 hours)
after unprotected intercourse to be followed by another one pills 12 hours later. The second
type is copper-bearing intrauterine devices (IUD) are a highly effective method of emergency
contraception which prevents implantation of fertilized egg to prevent pregnancy up to five to
seven days after unprotected intercourse and offer the added benefit of long-term protection
from pregnancy (CDC, 2023).

Unintended pregnancy has typically been defined as a pregnancy that is either mistimed or un
wanted at conception. Mistimed is generally defined as a pregnancy that is desired later in life
but not at conception and unwanted is defined as not wanted then or at any time in the future
(Santelli.et al, 2003). Emergency contraception (EC) is the last option a women has to
salvage herself from unintended pregnancy and its disabling and fatal consequences in a
conditions where the opportunity to use regular contraceptive methods is passed (Khan et al.,
2015).

The Ethiopian Ministry of Health includes EC in its National Guideline for Family Planning
Services to be distributed through social marketing to complement the permanent family
Planning Services that are rendered in the public, private Nongovernmental organization
health institutions with no EC-related age or other restrictions (FMOH, 2011).
Although the EC method is included in the National family planning guideline,
underutilization of the method is clearly shown by large magnitude of unintended pregnancy,
induced abortion and its low contraceptive magnitude rate in the country. According to
EDHS 2016, emergency contraception use among currently married and sexually active
unmarried women is 3.6% which is the list figure of all modern methods (EDHS, 2016).
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1.2. Statement of the Problem
Emergency contraception (EC) is a method used for prevention of unintended pregnancy and
unsafe abortion. Unintended pregnancy is a potential hazard for every sexually active woman.
It is a worldwide problem that affects women, their families, society and nation both in
developed and developing countries due to negative associations with the social and health
outcomes of both the mother and child compared to intended pregnancies. Mothers with
unintended pregnancy utilize less and delay prenatal and postnatal care, breastfeed for a
shorter duration; have poorer personal hygiene; and have higher rates of risky behavior such
as smoking, drinking alcohol, and drug abuse during pregnancy. As a result, Children born to
an unintended pregnancy are more likely to have poor nutrition, a lower birth weight,
incomplete vaccinations, and a higher incidence of illness compared to those of intended
pregnancies (Gipson et. al, 2008; Yohannes et. al, 2013).

Globally, in 2014, approximately 213 million pregnancies occurred annually, out of which,
40% were unintended. Unintended pregnancy is 36% higher in developing countries than
developed countries. In Africa, from a total of 53.8 million pregnancies, 35% were
unintended pregnancy in the same year. Of these, 50 percent ended in abortion, 13 percent
ended in miscarriage, and 38 percent resulted in an unplanned birth (Sedge et. al, 2014).
There were also 21 million pregnancies among adolescent girls aged 15–19 years in
developing countries in 2016; nearly half (49%) were unintended(43% in Asia, 45% in
Africa, and 74% in Latin America and the Caribbean) (Darroch et. al, 2016).
A study done in Democratic republic of Congo report Out of 13.92 % current pregnancies,
more than half 51.4 % were unintended (Dhakal, 2016).

Unintended pregnancy is also prevalent public health problem in Ethiopia. According to

Guttmacher Institute’s report in Ethiopia, in 2014, about 4.93 million pregnancies occurred
annually, out of which 1.9 million (38%) were unintended pregnancy (Guttmacher Institute,
2016).

A study conducted in North West Belessa Woreda, one in Dila south Ethiopia, one from
Maichew North Ethiopia and other from West Arsi, Ethiopia, found magnitude of unintended
pregnancy 13.7 %, 36.9%, 27.9% and 41.5% respectively (Adino et. al, 2016; Mohammed et.
al, 2017; Eskeziaw et. al, 2017 and Robera et. al, 2018).

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About one fifth (21%) of unintended adolescent pregnancies in Asia, and about half of
unintended pregnancies in Latin America and the Caribbean (49%) and in Africa (46%) end
in unsafe abortion (Darroch et. al, 2016). It is also major public health problem in Ethiopia.
According to a study conducted in Guraghe Zone, Southern Ethiopia the magnitude of
induced abortion was 12.3% which resulted from 75.5% of the current unwanted pregnancies.
Similarly, one study done among Wolaita Sodo university students the magnitude of induced
abortion 96.9% with 34% of them were unsafe resulting from 85% un intended pregnancy
(Amha et. al, 2014; Gezahegn et. al, 2014).

Mobile people those who move from one place to another temporarily, seasonally, or
permanently for either voluntary or involuntary reasons like daily laborers are vulnerable to
unintended pregnancy. Because, they are more likely to have multiple concurrent sexual
partners and wide sexual networks, harder to have access to health care facility, have less
access to information and services in languages they can understand across the entire breadth
of the routes they travel (FHAPCO, 2009). A study done among Women Working in Flower
Farms of Batu Town, Ethiopia found report, 25.6% magnitude of abortion. Majority (79.4%)
of them were induced abortion which was due to unwanted pregnancy. pre-marital pregnancy
or did not wanting more children (Desalegn et. al, 2015). Unintended pregnancy and its
consequences may occur as a result of different reasons. One of the reasons was nonuse of
regular contraceptive methods (Klima, 1998).

A study in South Africa among Female University students found that more than half
(53.2%) reported to have sex prior to the study, and among them 35.8% never used any
contraceptive methods. Out of 19% total pregnancies, more than half (51.1%) of the
pregnancies were unintended and 22.2% had induced abortions (Hoque and Ghuman, 2012).
A report from other study done in Sub Sahara Africa found magnitude of un intended
pregnancy 29% from the total pregnancies (Ameyaw et. al, 2019).
According to a study done in Addis Ababa to assess magnitude of repeated induced abortion
among clients seeking abortion service, out of 72.3% un intended current pregnancy, 66.4%
had abortion once while 33.6% had two or more times prior to the current one (Betelhem, et.
al, 2019). In Ethiopia practice of emergency contraception is very low. Study assessing
Knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptive among women seeking
abortion care in Jimma University specialized hospital; more than half (56.2%) were induced
IX
abortion resulting from unintended pregnancy. None of the study participants were used
emergency contraception (Tatek et. al, 2012).
Different factors were found associated with utilization of EC from various studies around
the world. Occupational status, previous history of contraceptive use, Women’s age,
residence, marital status, knowledge of emergency contraception and attitude towards
emergency contraception are associated factors with the utilization of emergency
contraceptives (Tatek et. al, 2012; Asres et. Al, 2018).

Despite there is high magnitude of unintended pregnancy and low utilization of contraceptive
including emergency contraceptive from different segments of population (EDHS, 2016).
There is lack of information on utilization and factors associate EC use among mobile
workers like flower farms. So, this study is aimed at assessing the magnitude of emergency
contraceptive use among female in the reproductive age group in Gelemso town, Habro
woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia.

1.3. Significant of the Study

Knowing the magnitude of emergency contraceptive use among female in Gelemso town will
help the district health office and zonal health department in planning to improve barriers
against its utilization. The female in the Gelemso town will benefited from this as the rate of
unintended pregnancy and its adverse outcomes decreases. The Gelemso town administrative
will also use this study finding for actively participating with district health office for
designing intervention which can improve the emergency contraceptive use of female in case
of need. The data from this study will also be used by other researchers for further research.

1.4. Objectives
1.4.1. General Objective
 To assess the magnitude of emergency contraceptive use among female in the
reproductive age group in Gelemso town, Oromia region, eastern Ethiopia, from July
30 to August 30, 2024.
1.4.2. Specific Objectives
 To determine magnitude of emergency contraception use among female in the
reproductive age group in Gelemso town.

X
 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Emergency contraception has the potential to safely and effectively reduce unintended
pregnancy. EC use can also act as a bridge for regular contraceptive use, as consultation for
EC provided an opportunity to discuss regular contraception. However, literatures show there
is a gap on the practice (Guttmacher I., 2020).

In the United States, a study published in 2022 found that 23.4% of women aged 18-44 had
ever used emergency contraception (Qato D.M. et al., 2024). A 2019 study in Canada
reported that 16.1% of women aged 15-49 had used emergency contraception in the past year
(Lee S.C. and Norman W.V., 2022). A 2018 study in the UK found that 16% of women aged
16-44 had used emergency contraception in the past year (Jackson J. et al., 2019). In France,

XI
a 2016 study reported that 17.4% of women aged 15-49 had used emergency contraception
(Caillot O. et al., 2017).

According to a descriptive cross sectional study done among 200 married women attending
obstetrics and gynecology department to assess the awareness regarding emergency
contraception and the knowledge, attitude and preference about emergency contraception in
Pakistan, where the use of condoms was the preferred contraceptive method (44%) followed
by coitus interruptus (10%), safe period method (13.5%) and non-users of any methods
(16%) (Which are all risky methods to unintended pregnancy), only 7.5% of the study
participants had ever used emergency contraceptive method (Khan, et. al, 2015).

A cross sectional study conducted among 336 married female staff in the University of Putra
Malaysia (UPM) to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding EC pill use
among Malay women, reveal EC was used only by 11% of all participants in the study
(Najafi et. al, 2012). A 2019 study in India showed that 11.3% of married women aged 15-49
had ever used emergency contraception (Vashisht S. et al., 2019). Another study in India
found that awareness and utilization of EC pills was low among women attending outpatient
clinics, though the exact percentages were not provided (Meena P. et al., 2023). In China, a
2017 study found that 8.6% of women aged 15-49 had used emergency contraception in the
past year (Deressa J. and Yang L., 2021).

In Ghana, 79.67% of women reported ever using EC, with the most common reasons being
unexpected unprotected sex (59.83%) and failed withdrawal method (24.69%) (Yeboah D.S.
et al., 2022). The level of EC use is generally lower compared to awareness, ranging from 0%
in DR Congo and some parts of Ethiopia to 54.1% in Nigeria (Kwame K.A. et al., 2022).
According to a study done in Banepa Municipality of Kavre among Colleges Students of to
explore the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of emergency contraceptive discovered
that 54.2 % of the total respondents were sexually active and more than 80 % had sexual
relationships. Among the sexually active respondents, 65.1 % had ever used ECP after the
sexual intercourse (Dahal, 2017). Other study done to investigate awareness, use and factors
associated with the use of ECPs among reproductive age (15-49 years) women in Tamale,
Ghana, only forty percent (39.9% participants who had awareness have ever used ECPs
(Amalba et. al, 2014).

XII
A 2019 study in Ethiopia found that 12.2% of women seeking induced abortion had used
emergency contraception (Abraha D. et al., 2019). Another study done at Northwest Ethiopia,
reported that about 19.2% of the study participants used emergency contraceptives to prevent
their index pregnancy (Tenaw L.A., 2022). A descriptive cross sectional study in Hawassa to
assess awareness and utilization of emergency contraceptive among secondary cycle primary
female evening students done on 643 study participants, of all sexually experienced
respondents 87 (72.5%) reported that they had sexual intercourse without condom or any
other contraceptive method. But, only 22.5% reported used EC. Even, among those who had
heard about EC and had experience of sexual intercourse, only 45.8% respondents used it; of
respondents who had ever used EC, 58.3% had ever used emergency contraceptive pills while
12.5% had ever used IUCD (Alemayehu and Teferi, 2016).

Another facility based cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 study participants to
assess KAP and determinants of use of emergency contraceptive among women obtaining
abortion service in Dire Dawa show that only 9.7% mentioned that they had ever used ECP at
least once while none of the respondents use IUCD as EC (Meskerem et. al, 2014). A cross-
sectional study was conducted on 624 regular undergraduate female students of Debre-
Markos University from March 26 to 30/2013, to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice
of emergency contraception and associated factors, the magnitude of ever use of EC among
female students was only 11.45%.ECP were the commonest EC method used which
accounted for 95.6% of total EC users and IUCD 4.4% (Marta and Hinsermu, 2015).

According to study done in Dessie North East Ethiopia, to measure the level of Emergency
contraception and determinant factors among abortion care seekers, 51% of respondents had
ever used EC where all of them used ECP. Respondents who had never used EC mentioned
main factors for non-utilization are; lack of information (66.5%), time inconvenience (3.7%),
lack of willingness (4.9%), drugs unavailability (1.3%) and privacy issue (1%) (Asres et al,
2018).

XIII
 3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. Study Area and Period
Gelemso is one of the administrative towns in West Hararghe zone of Oromia National
Regional State and the origin of Khat. It is located 376 km away from Addis Ababa, the
capital city of Ethiopia and 70 km from Chiro, zonal capital city. It has a total area of 46,000
hectare and administratively divided into two Kebeles (lowest administrative units in
Ethiopia). The town is largely characterized by highland climate conditions. According to the
Gelemso municipal office report (2023), the total population of Gelemso is 46,837 (25,735
males and 21,602 females). Among the females 11,768 are in the reproductive age group. The
town also consists of a zonal hospital, four health clinics, technical and vocational institutes,
preparatory and high schools, four elementary schools and three kindergartens with several
government and private sectors. The study will be conducted in Gelemso town from July 30
to August 30, 2024 G.C.
3.2. Study design
Community based cross sectional quantitative study will be conducted.
3.3. Population
3.3.1. Source population
All sexually active female in reproductive age group in Gelemso town, will be the source
population for this study.

XIV
3.3.2. Study population
Randomly selected female in reproductive age group available during the study period.
3.4. Criteria of legibility
3.4.1. Inclusion criteria
All female in reproductive age group are willing to participate will be included in the study.
3.4.2. Exclusion criteria
Participants those are critically ill or has mental problem that are not stable will be excluded
from the study.
3.5. Sample size determination
Sample size will be determined using single population proportion formula considering
proportion of (51%) from the previous study on practice of emergency contraception (Asres
et al, 2018); d to the margin of error (0.05) and (Zα/ 2) =standard normal distribution curve
/value for the 95% confidence interval of 1.96.
n = (Zα/2)2 P (1-P)
d2
n = (1.96)2 *0.51(1-0.51) = 384
(0.05)(0.05)
By considering 10% non-response rate of 38, the final sample size is 422.
3.6. Sampling procedures (techniques)
The calculated final sample size will be allocated proportionally among number of females in
each Kebeles. Then, each unit will be used as sampling frame of female living from each
Kebeles and systematic random sampling will be employed to draw study participants from
each Kebele. The Kth interval will be 11,768/422 = 28, so study participant will be selected by
systematic random sampling every 28th individuals.

3.7. Data collection processes

Data will be collected by face to face interview using pretested and structured questionnaire
by six female diploma nurses for data collection and two BSC nurses supervisors. The data
collectors and supervisors will be taken from Gelemso town health center, which is one of the
woreda’s health centers. The questionnaire is adapted from relevant literatures (Alemayehu
and Teferi 2016; Meskerm et. al, 2014). The questionnaire have different parts like Socio
demographic characteristics.

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3.8. Study Variables
3.8.1. Dependent Variables
Emergency Contraceptive use
3.8.2. Independent Variables
Age, marital status, income, educational level, ever use of modern contraceptive, Knowledge
about EC, attitude towards EC, living arrangement, sex without condom or contraceptive,
Source of information, concerns about EC.

3.9. Operational definition

Reproductive age group: Any female whose age is between 15- 49.
EC Use: study participant who have ever used EC to prevent unplanned pregnancy after
unprotected sex, or method failure.
Unprotected sexual intercourse: – Is an intercourse taking place without barrier methods
such as no contraceptive has been used, when there is a contraceptive accident (failure) or
misuse, condom rupture, slippage or misuse, failure to abstain on a fertility day of the cycle
in a women who uses the calendar method and rape while do not want to be pregnant
(Bekele, 2008).
Awareness: - Hearing the method availability
Knowledge : A study subjects’ awareness on existence of Emergency Contraceptive, type of
EC knew time limit to be taken EC after unprotected sex and occasions when EC need to be
used/not used.
Knowledgeable: Answering the mean value and above of knowledge measuring questions
(Asmere et. al, 2015).

3.10. Data processing and analysis

After the completion of data collection process, all the questionnaires will be checked for
completeness, clarity and consistency. Microsoft excel will be used for data entry and
analysis. The descriptive statistics summary like frequency, magnitude, cross tabs and
graphical presentation will be performed to visualize the results of the study. Then findings
will be changed in to numerical value, texts, percentages, graphs, tables and figures. The
questionnaire has Different parts. Knowledge and practice of modern contraception,
Knowledge towards EC, Attitude and practice parts. Seven questions will be used to measure
knowledge of the respondents on EC. If respondents get the right answer, it will be coded as

XVI
Yes ‘‘1’’ if not it will be coded as No ‘‘0’’. The respondent’s knowledge scores will be
aggregated and ranged 0–7. Based on the cumulated score, respondents, who scored above
the mean value, will be considered as ‘‘knowledgeable’ ’while those who score below the
mean will be considered as ‘‘not knowledgeable’ The respondents’ attitude will be measured
using four questions. The scores will be aggregated and ranged 0–4. Based on the cumulative
score, respondents who scored above the mean of the total will be considered as having
‘‘positive attitude’’; while those scored below the mean of the total will be considered as
having ‘negative attitude. Practice will be determined based on ever use of EC after exposure
to unprotected sexual intercourse to prevent unintended pregnancy.
3.11. Data quality assurance
A structured interviewer administered questionnaire will be first prepared in English and then
translated in to the local Afan Oromo language and re-translated to English to maintain
consistency in translation. The questions will be Pretested on 5%(20)of the sample size on
neighboring town (Badesa) female will be conducted to know the length, content, question
wording and language understandability of the questions before two weeks of the actual data
collection time. Six female diploma nurse’s data collection and two BSC nurses’ supervisors
will be trained by the principal investigator for two consecutive days. All the questionnaires
will be checked daily by supervisor and principal investigator to ensure that whether they are
appropriately filled. Any missing data will be confirmed before the start of the next day’s
interviews.

3.12. Ethical clearance

Before the data collection period, ethical clearance and approval will be obtained from Rift
Valley University ethical review committee and a supportive letter will be given. The data
collection will begin after permission and co-operation obtained from Gelemso town. An
informed written and signed voluntary consent will be obtained from each study participants
after the objectives of the study are explained. A thumbprint or signature will be used on the
consent form. Only those who are sign written consent will participate in the study and
confidentiality of response will be maintained throughout the research process by giving code
for participant. The entire study participants will be informed that data will be kept private
and confidential and used only for research purpose. The participants will also be assured that
they have the right to refuse or withdraw if they are not comfortable at any time. Personal

XVII
privacy and cultural norms will be respected. Health education on risk factors, consequences
will be provided to all of the participants after the completion of data collection.

3.13. Dissemination of result

The report of the study will first be submitted and presented to Rift Valley University, and
then the copies of the report will be given to Gelemso town administrators, west Hararghe
zone health offices. Attempt will be made to present the finding on national and international
conference and workshops. Besides, publication on peer-reviewed journal will be considered.

4. TENTATIVE WORK PLAN

Table 1: Work plan schedule for activities to be implemented for study to assess magnitude
of emergency contraceptive use among female in the reproductive age group in Gelemso
town, Habro woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia, 2024.

No Activities June, 2024

September
August
March

April

May

June
July
1 Topic selection
2 Proposal writes up
3 Submission of first draft proposal to advisors
4 Submission of second draft proposal to advisors
5 Final proposal submission
6 Getting ethical clearance from university
7 Data collection, Analysis and report writing
8 Submission of first draft report to advisors
9 Submitting final report to Department
10 Final defense

XVIII
 5. BUDGET BREAKDOWN
Table 2: Budget breakdown for activities to be implemented for study to assess magnitude of
emergency contraceptive use among female in the reproductive age group in Gelemso town,
Habro woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia, 2024.
5.1. Personnel costs
S. No. Item/ activity Number Multiplier Unit Cost Total cost (Birr)
1 Data clerk 1 10 days 120.0 1,200.0

2 Peridium for data collectors 2 20 days 100.0 4,000.0

3 Peridium for supervisors 1 10 days 250.0 2,500.0

Subtotal: 6

5.2. Transportation and Communication cost

S. No. Item/ activity Number Multiplier Unit Cost Total cost (Birr)
4 Transportation cost 4 5 days 100.0 2,000.0

5 Mobile cards for communication - - 500.0 500.0

Subtotal: 9

5.3. Cost of supplies

S. No. Item/ activity Number Multiplier Unit Cost Total cost (Birr)
Desta(1)
6 A 4 Paper 3.0 700.0 2,100.0

7 Note book Each(3) 3.0 150.0 450.0

8 Pen Each(10) 15.0 20.0 300.0

9 Pencil Each(5) 10.0 15.0 150.0

10 Backup material Each(1) 1.0 1,000.0 1,000.0

11 Duplicating service Page(45) 45.0 5.0 225.0

12 Printing and binding services Page(30) 3.0 300.0 900.0

Subtotal: 63
Total: 15,325.0
Contingency (10 %): 1,532.5

XIX
 Grand total: 16,857.5
5.4. Summary of Budget Notification
 Personal cost = 7,700 birr

 Transportation & Communication cost = 2,500 birr

 Cost of supplies = 5,125 birr

 Grand total with 10% contingency = 16,857.5 birr

6. REFERENCES
Abraha D., Welu G., Berwo M., Gebretsadik M., Tsegay T., Gebreheat G., et al. 2019.
Research Article Knowledge of and Utilization of Emergency Contraceptive and Its

XX
 Associated Factors among Women Seeking Induced Abortion in Public Hospitals,
Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2017: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Adeniji, Aramide M Tijani, Kola M Owonikoko. 2013. Knowledge and determinants of
Emergency contraceptive use among students in Tertiary institution usun state,
Nigeria. Journal of Basic and clinical reproductive science, 2 (1): 46-53.
Adino Tesfahun Tsegaye, Menderie Mengistu and Alemayehu Shimeka. 2016. Magnitude of
Unintended pregnancy and associated factors among married women in West Belessa
Woreda, North West, Ethiopia, BMC Res Notes,15(201):1-10
Alam M.Z., Islam M.S. & Sultan S. 2020. Knowledge and practice of emergency
contraception among currently-married women in Bangladesh: evidence from a
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Alemayehu Adinew and Teferi Gedif Fanta. 2016. Awareness and utilization of Emergency
contraceptive among second cycle primary female evening students in Hawassa.
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Amha Admassie Gelaye, Kalemelekot Nigussie Taye and Tesfa Mekonen. 2014. Magnitude
and risk factors of abortion among regular female students in Wolaita Sodo
University, Ethiopia. BMC Women'sHealth,14(50):1-9
Anthony Amalba, Victor Mogre, Monica NA Appiah and Winnifred A Mumuni. 2014.
Awareness, use and associated factors of emergency contraceptive pills among
women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Tamale, Ghana. BMC Women's Health,
14:(14)1-6.
Asres Eshetie Feleke, Tewdros Seyoum Nigussie, Tibeb Zena Debel. 2018. Utilization and
associated factors of emergency contraception among women seeking abortion
services in health institutions of Dessie town, north east Ethiopia. BMC Research
Notes,12(68):1-6
Bekele Wondimu Ayana. 2008. Emergency contraceptive: Post-secondary school female
students’ and service providers’ perspective (the case of Awassa town). Msc thesis
(Addis Ababa University). Available at
http//localhost:80/xmlui/handle/123456789/11995. Accessed on
Bethlehem Alemayehu, Adamu Addissie, Wondimu Ayele, Sisay Tiroro and Demelash
Woldeyo hannes, 2019. Magnitude and associated factors of repeat induced abortion
among reproductive age group women who seeks abortion care services at maries
topes international Ethiopia clinics in Addis Ababa. Reproductive health.16(76)1-
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XXI
Caillot O., Aubry M., Duros S., Boyer L., Van Valenberg C., Levêque J., et al. 2017. Impact
of the French 3rd and 4th generation pill scare in women seeking termination of
pregnancy. Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction, 46, 69-76.
CDC. 2023. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Emergency Contraception [Online].
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Darroch, J.E., S. Audam, and V. Woog. 2016. Adding It Up: Costs and Benefits of Meeting
the Contraceptive Needs of Adolescents. Supplementary Data Tables. New York:
GuttmacherInstitute.https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/report. accessed
May 27, 2024
Darroch, J.E., V. Woog, A. Bankole, and L.S. Ashford. 2016. Adding It Up: Costs and
Benefits of Meeting Contraceptive Needs of Adolescents. New York: Guttmacher
Institute. https://www.guttmacher.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf.accessed
December 27 2019
Deressa J. & Yang L. 2021. Knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptive
among undergraduate female college students: a cross-sectional study. Austin Journal
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 8, 1182.
Desalegn Bekele, Mohammed Taha, Fasil Tessema. 2015. Magnitude and Abortion Methods
Employed by Women Working in Flower Farms of Batu Town, Ethiopia. Science
Journal of Public Health,3(3):404-409. Doi: 10.11648/j.sjph.20150303.26.
Ellen OseiTutu, Abigail A Aryeh-Adjei and Ernest Ampadu, 2018. Awareness and Usage of
Emergency Contraceptives (EC) Among University Students: The Case of Ghana.
Journal of Gynecology and Women’s Health ISSN 2474-7602. 10(3): 555788.
Eskeziaw Abebe Kassahun, Liknaw Bewket Zeleke, Amanuel Addisu Dessie, Bisrat
Gebrehiwot Gersa, Hayat Ibrahim Oumer, Hunegnaw Alemaw Derseh, Mulugeta
Wodaje Arage and Getnet Gedefaw Azeze. 2019. Factors associated with unintended
pregnancy among women attending antenatal care in Maichew Town. Northern
Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes, 12 (38):1-6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4419-5
Fatemeh Najafi, Hejar Abdul Rahman, Muhamad Hanafiah, Yadollah A Momtaz and Zaiton
Ahmad. 2012. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Among Married Malay Women
Staff at a Public University in Malaysia. Southeast Asian journal of Tropical
Medicine and Public Health, 43 ( 6 ): 1512 – 1520.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Health. 2011: National Guideline for
Family Planning Services in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Available at
XXII
 http://www.med box.org national guide. Accessed on December 27 2019
FHAPCO (Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and control office) Multi-sectoral HIV/AIDS
Response Annual Monitoring and Evaluation Report, July 2008-June 2009. Ministry
of health Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Gezahegn Tesfaye, Mitiku Teshome Hambisa and Agumasie Semahegn. 2014. Induced
Abortion and Associated Factors in Health Facilities of Guraghe Zone, Southern
Ethiopia, JournaL of Pregnancy,2014 (2957332): 1-8
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/295732
Gilda Sedgh , Sushela Singh and Rubina Hussain. 2014. Intended and unintended
pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and recent trends. Studies in Family Planning,
45(3):301-314.
Guttmacher I. 2020. Use of Emergency Contraception in the United States | Guttmacher
Institute [Online]. Available: https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/use-emergency-
contraception-united-states [Accessed July 17, 2024].
Hoque, ME. And Ghuman, S., 2012. Knowledge, Practices, and Attitudes of Emergency
Contraception among Female University Students in kwazulu-Natal, South Africa.
Plos ONE, 7(9):1-7 e46346. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046346.
Htun K.W.W., Yodmai K. & Taechaboonsermsak P. 2019. Emergency contraceptive pill use
among women of reproductive age in Pathein, Myanmar. Journal of Health Research,
33, 349-358.
Jackson J., Lewis N.V., Feder G.S., Whiting P., Jones T., Macleod J., et al. 2019. Exposure to
domestic violence and abuse and consultations for emergency contraception: nested
case-control study in a UK primary care dataset. British journal of general practice,
69, e199-e207.
Jessica D. Gipson, Michael A. Koenig, Michelle J. Hindin. The effects of unintended
pregnancy on infant, child, and parental health 2008. a review of the literature. Stud
Fam Plann.39(1):18–38.
John S. Santelli, Roger rochat, Kendra Hatfield-Timajchy Brenda Celley Gilbert, Kathryn M.
Curtis, Rebecca Cabral Jenifer S. Hirsch, Laura Schieve. 2003 Measurement and
Meaning of unintended pregnancy, Perspectives on sexual and reproductive health,
35(2):94-101
Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Associated
Factors on Emergency Contraception Among Level- II to Level-IV Female Students
in Hawassa College of Health Sciences, South, Ethiopia. 2019. Journal of Natural
XXIII
 Sciences Research, 9(15): 40.DOI: 10.7176/JNSR
Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Tesfaye Gebresillassie, Beedemariam Bihone, Tesfaye
Demeke, Netsane Habte. 2017. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and behaviour
towards Emergency Contraceptive among Female Students of Fasiledes Preparatory
school, Gondar, Ethiopia. Clinics Mother Child Health, 14(2):1-6. Doi:10.4172/2090-
7214.1000260
Klima CS. (1998). Unintended pregnancy. Consequences and solutions for a worldwide
problem. Journal of Nurse Midwifery, 43(6):483-491.
Kwame K.A., Bain L.E., Manu E. & Tarkang E.E. 2022. Use and awareness of emergency
contraceptives among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping
review. Contraception and Reproductive Medicine, 7, 1.
Lee S.C. & Norman W.V. 2022. Emergency contraception subsidy in Canada: a comparative
policy analysis. BMC Health Services Research, 22, 1110.
Marta Tessema and Hinsermu Bayu, 2015. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Emergency
Contraception and Associated Factors among Female Students of Debre-Markos
University, Debre-Markos Town, East Gojam Zone, North West Ethiopia. Global
Journal of medical research,15(1):1-8.
Meena P., Meena S., Choudhary R. & Sharma B. 2023. KAP study on emergency
contraception among women of reproductive age group attending JNUIMSRC OPD,
Jaipur, India. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and
Gynecology, Vol. 12, pp. 1749–53.
Meskerem Abate, Nega Assefa, Tadesse Alemayehu. 2014. Knowledge, Attitude, Practice,
and determinants emergency contraceptive use among women Seeking abortion
Services in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. Plos ONE,9(10):1-7 e110008.
Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110008.
Mohammed Feyisso, Alebachew Girma, Hamid Yimamand Sileshi Hailu. 2017. Magnitude
of Unintended Pregnancy and its Determinants among Pregnant Women Visiting
Dilla University Referral Hospital, South Ethiopia. Journal of Women's Health Care,
6(4): 1-7 Doi:10.4172/2167-0420.1000388https://www.omicsonline.org
Prateek Harne and Amir Maroof Khan. Awareness and usage of emergency contraceptive
pills among working women: a hospital based survey from North India. International
Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology. 5(4):1202-1206
Qato D.M., Guadamuz J.S. & Myerson R. 2024. Changes in Emergency Contraceptive Fills
After Massachusetts’ Statewide Standing Order. JAMA.
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Robera Olana Fite, Abdurahman Mohammedamin and Tilaye Workneh Abebe, 2018.
Unintended pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant women in Arsi Negele
Woreda, West Arsi Zone, Ethiopia BMC Res Notes 11(671):1-7
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-018- 3778-7
Sarita Dhakal, Jin Sung Song, Dong Eun Shin, Tae Ho Lee, Ae Young So, and Eun Woo
Nam. 2016. Unintended pregnancy and its correlates among currently pregnant
women in the Kwango District, Democratic Republic of the Congo PMCID:
PMC4910199 Reprod Health.13(74).1-7 doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0195-z.
Semira Busery And Mekonnen Sisay. 2016. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency
Contraceptives Among Graduating Female Students Of College Of Health And
Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Eastern Ethiopia. Scholars Academic
Journal of Pharmacy, 5(12): 413-420. DOI: 10.21276/Sajp.2016.5.12.2.
Shazia Amir Khan, Humaira Hafeez, Rabiya Akbar.2015. Emergency Contraception: An
Overview Among Users. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 27 (1):51–54
http://www.ayubmed.edu.pk/JAMC/27-1/Shazia.pdf.
Shrijana Dahal. 2017. Exploring the Level of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of
Emergency Contraceptive among Colleges Students of Banepa Municipality of Kavre
District. Journal of Gynecology 1 (5)61-46
Tatek Tesfaye, Tizta Tilahun and Eshetu Girma. 2012. Knowledge, attitude and practice of
emergency contraceptive among women who seek abortion care at Jimma University
specialized hospital, southwest Ethiopia. BMC Women’s Health,12(3):1-6.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6874/12/3.
Tenaw L.A. 2022. Practice and determinants of emergency contraceptive utilization among
women seeking termination of pregnancy in Northwest Ethiopia—A mixed
quantitative and qualitative study. PLOS ONE, 17, e0263776.
Vashisht S., Prakash R., Vashisht N.K. & Dudeja P. 2019. Determinants of the “know-do”
gap regarding contraceptive use among married women of an urban slum in Western
Maharashtra. Journal of Marine Medical Society, 21, 177-181.
Vernon Mochache, Amyn Lakhanin, Hajara El-Busaidy, Marleen Tammerman and Peter
Gichangi. 2018. Pattern and determinant of contraceptive usage among women of
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cross sectional survey. BMC Womens health, 18 (10):1-11
WHO. Emergency Contraception (Last accessed on 2019 December). Available from:
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338617/updated June 2017. Accessed on
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 December 27 2019
Yeboah D.S., Appiah M.A. & Kampitib G.B. 2022. Factors influencing the use of emergency
contraceptives among reproductive age women in the Kwadaso Municipality, Ghana.
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Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu, Hedija Yenus Yeshita, Abel Fekadu Dadi and Desta Galcha.
2018. Magnitude of and Factors Associated with Emergency Contraceptive Use
among Female Undergraduates in Arba Minch University, Southern Ethiopia, 2015: A
Cross-Sectional Study, Hindawi International Journal of Population Research, 2018,
(2924308):1- 8 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2924308
Yohannes Dibaba, Mesganaw Fantahun and Michelle J Hindin. 2013. The effects of
pregnancy intention on the use of antenatal care services: systematic review and meta-
analysis. Reproductive health journal. ;10(50):1-9. Doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-10-50.

7. ANNEXES
Annex 1: Consent form for head of Gelemso town administrators.
Good morning/afternoon ____________________________________________
Our names are Ahmed Abdella Maruf, Mume Awel Ahimed, Sabontu Jibril and Mohammed
Abadir. We are from Rift Valley University Chiro Campus, we are going to conduct a study
on the assessment of magnitude of emergency contraceptive use among female in the
reproductive age group in Gelemso town, Habro woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia, 2024.

The purpose of this study is to magnitude of emergency contraceptive use among female in
the reproductive age group in Gelemso town, Habro woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia,
from July 30 to August 30, 2024.

Declaration of informed voluntary consent:

XXVI
I have read the participant information sheet. I have clearly understood the purpose of the
research, the procedures, the risks and benefits, issues of confidentiality, the rights of
participating and the contact address for any queries. I have been given the opportunity to ask
questions for things that may have been unclear. I was informed that participants have the
right to withdraw from the study at any time or not to answer any question that they do not
want. I am also informed that the hospital has the right to stop this study from being
conducted in the hospitals if any misdeeds and unethical procedures are observed during the
data collection process in the hospital’s premises. Therefore, I declare my voluntary consent
on behalf of _____________management to allow this study to be conducted in the hospital
with my initials (signature).
Name and Signature of Head of Gelemso town administrator:
_____________________________

Name and Signature of Data Collector: __________________________________

Thank you for your cooperation!

Annex 2: Consent form for female who live in Gelemso town.

Good morning/afternoon ____________________________________________
Our names are Ahmed Abdella Maruf, Mume Awel Ahimed, Sabontu Jibril and Mohammed
Abadir. We are from Rift Valley University Chiro Campus, we are going to conduct a study
on the assessment of magnitude of emergency contraceptive use among female in the
reproductive age group in Gelemso town, Habro woreda, Oromia region, east Ethiopia, 2024.

The purpose of this study is to assess magnitude of emergency contraceptive use among
female in the reproductive age group in Gelemso town, Habro woreda, Oromia region, east
Ethiopia, from July 30 to August 30, 2024.

Declaration of informed voluntary consent

I have read/ was read to me the participant information sheet. I have clearly understood the
purpose of the research, the procedures, the risks and benefits, issues of confidentiality, the

XXVII
rights of participating and the contact address for any queries. I have been given the
opportunity to ask questions for things that may have been unclear. I was informed that I have
the right to with draw from the study at any time or not to answer any question that I do not
want. Therefore; I declare my voluntary consent to participate in this study with my initials
(signature) as indicated below.

Æ Contact address if you have any question related with this study
Ahmed Abdela Phone number_________________
Mume Awel Phone number_________________
Sabontu Jibril Phone number_________________
Mohammed Abadir Phone number_________________
Æ Please let you sign this form if you are agreeing to participate on this study.

Name of data collector:__________________ Signature of data collector:

________________

NB: This is to be signed face to face in the presence of data collector and the copy is provided
to the participant.
Annex 3: English version questioners.
Questionnaires ID NO: ………………………………………………………………..
Part I: Back ground characteristics of respondents. Skip to

101 How old are you? Age in years

102 What is your educational status? 1. No education/Not read and write.

2. Primary (1-8)
3. Secondary (9-12 grade)
4. Collage
5. Other
103 What is your religion? 1. Orthodox Christian
2. Catholic Christian
3. Protestant Christian
4. Muslim
5. Other
104 What is your ethnicity? 1. Oromo
2. Amara
3. Tigrie
4. Guragie
5. Other

XXVIII
105 What is your current Marital status? 1. Unmarried
2. Married
3. Divorced
4. Separated
5. Widowed
106 How much is your monthly income? ETB
107 Currently, with whom you are living with? 1. Alone
2. With my husband
3. With my friend(Female)
4. With my boyfriend
5. With my parents
6. Other , specify

Part II: Sexual experience, knowledge and practices of contraception.

201 Have you ever had sexual intercourse? 1. Yes If no skip to

2. No 301

202 Have you ever heard about family planning 1. Yes If not skip
Methods? 2. No to 206

203 If, Yes‟ which one do you know? 1. Oral pills

2. Intra uterine contraceptive devices
3. Injectable
4. Condoms
5. Implants
6. Pills & Injectable
7. Pills, Injectable & Implants
8. Pills, Injectable, Implants & condoms
9. Implants & IUCD
10. Other specify
204 Have you ever used contraceptive methods? 1. Yes If not skip
2. No to 205
205 Which contraceptive methods ever used? 1. Oral pills.
2. Intra uterine contraceptive devices
3. Injectable
4. Condoms
5. Implants
6. Pills & Injectable
7. Pills, Injectable & Implants
8. Pills, Injectable, Implants & condoms
9. Implants & IUCD
10. Other specify

XXIX
206 IF your response for question no 203 is No 1. Family planning service not available in
What is your reason for not using family the institution
planning methods? (more than one response is 2. Lack of knowledge about contraceptive
possible) 3. Partner opposed
4. Religious/moral reasons
5. Fear of side effect
6. Wanted to be pregnant
7. Infrequent sex
8. I’m not sexually active
207 Have you ever had sexual intercourse Without 1. Yes
using contraceptive methods while not want to 2. No
be pregnant?
208 Have you ever been pregnant? 1. Yes If not skip
2. No to 301

209 How many times? 1. Once

2. Two times
3. More than two times
210 Was there a pregnancy which was unplanned? 1. Yes If not skip
2. No to 211

211 IF your response is yes for No, 209 How did it 1. Forced sexual intercourse
happen?(More than one response is possible) 2. Calendar method was not correct
3. Contraceptive failure
4. Condom slippage/broken
5. Forget to take contraception
6. Religious/moral reasons
7. I was not taking regular contraceptive
because of infrequent sex
8. Other______________________
212 Have you ever had induced abortion? 1. Yes
2. No

Part III: Knowledge towards EC

301 Is there any method that could be taken to 1. Yes If not or

prevent unwanted pregnancy after unprotected 2. No don’t know
sex? 3. I don’t know skip to q no
303.
302 If yes for question No 301, Mention all the 1.-----------
methods you know that could be used to 2.----------
prevent pregnancy after unprotected sexual 3.-----------
intercourse?
303 Have you ever heard about emergency 1. Yes If not End
contraception? 2. No

XXX
304 What was the first source of information? 1. Television/Radio
2. Magazines/newspaper
3. Relatives
4. From courses/Formal lecture
5. Boyfriend
6. Female friends
7. Healthcare provider
8. Other
305 Of the listed, which can be used as emergency 1. Oral pills
contraception? (More than one response is 2. IUCD
possible). 3. Herbal vaginal pessaries
4. Bitter medications, quinine, lemon
5. Monthly injectable
6. I do not know
7. Other, specify-------------------

306 How long after unprotected sex should 1. Immediately after sex
emergency contraceptives be used?(more than 2. Within 24 hrs
one response is possible) 3. Within 72 hrs
4. Within 120hrs /five days/
5. At the next menses
6. Others specify----------
7. Doesn’t knows
307 To the best of your knowledge, how do 1. Prevent pregnancy from occurring
emergency contraceptives work? 2. Cause abortion
3. Don’t know
4. Other, specify__________
308 Do you know where a woman can obtain 1. Hospital
emergency contraceptive services? (More than 2. Health center
one response is possible) 3. Private clinic
4. Pharmacy
5. Private clinics & Pharmacies.
6. Any health care service providing
institution
7. Other________________
309 In what circumstances should Emergency 1. When forced to have sex./Raped
contraception be used? 2. When condom slipped/broken
3. When there is missed pills
4. When there is infrequent sex
5. When there is miscalculation of
calendar method
6. I do not know
7. Other_______________

Part IV: Attitude and practice towards EC (For respondents who have heard about EC).

401 Have you ever used emergency 1. Yes If No skip

contraceptive methods? 2. No to Q no 406

XXXI
402 If yes for question No 401 Which 1. ECP
method of emergency contraceptive 2. COC
have you used? (More than one 3. Intra uterine contraceptive devices
answer is possible) 4. Other
403 Why did you use it? 1. You do not use a contraceptive method
2. The sexual inter course was un planned
3. The timing miscalculated. (Rhythm)
4. The condom broke or slipped
5. You missed pills
6. You were forced to have sex
7. Other Specify:______________________
404 Who recommended it? 1. A friend (Female)
2. Partner (male)
3. Health professional
4. Other specify
405 How many times have you ever used 1. Once
EC method? 2. Two-times
3. More than two times
406 If No for question no 401 What is 1. Don’t know where to get
your reason not to use EC? (more 2. EC service not available
than one response is possible) 3. It is against my religion
4. It is not effective
5. It is dangerous to once health
6. I am using regular contraceptive methods
7. Don’t know it before
8. Not sexually active
407 Where do you think emergency 1. Public hospitals
contraceptive method should be 2. Private hospitals
provided? 3. Health centers
4. Private clinics
5. Pharmacies
6. Other Specify
408 Do you think you would ever use 1. Yes If Yes skip
emergency contraceptive or 2. No to 410
recommend it to a friend or relative in 3. Not sure
case of need?
409 If No or Not sure for question no 408 1. It is against my religion
What is your reason? (more than one 2. It is not effective
response is possible) 3. It is dangerous to once health
4. I am using regular contraceptive methods
5. My partner does not like it
6. It causes abortion
7. Other reason
410 Do you believe your partner would 1. Yes
accept that you use this method? 2. No
3. I am not sure
411 Do you have any questions or 1. Yes
concerns about emergency 2. No
contraceptive methods?

XXXII
 412 If yes to question no 411 Which are 1. It may cause health problems
your concerns? 2. It may hurt the baby in case it does not work
3. It may result in complications to get pregnant in
the future
4. It is abortifiant
5. Other Specify
6. I do not have enough information
Thank you for your time and cooperation!
Annex 4: Afan Oromo version Questionnaires.
Gaafannoo haala itti fayyadama karooramaatii yeroo hatattamaa dubartootaa umurii
dahumsaa keessa jiran, magaala Galamsoo, Aanaa Habroo, Baha Itophiyaa.
Nama ragaa sassaabuun kan guutamu. Naannoo Oromiyaa, Godina Harargee Lixaa.
Maqaa nama raga sassaabuu………………..………………………… Lakk.
Gaafannoo………………………………………………

Kutaa I: Odeeffannoowwan Bu’uuraa.

Gaaffilee. Deebii Gara lakk…
tti ce’i.
101 Umuriin kee meeqa? Umurii waggaa----------------------------
102 Sadarkaan barnoota keetii 1. Hin baranne.
hangami? 2. Barnoota sadarkaa tokkoffaa(1-8).
3. Barnoota sadarkaa lammaffaa(9-12).
4. Barnoota kollejii.
5. Kan biro haa ibsam.
103 Amantaan kee maali? 1. Ortodoksii.
2. Kaatoolikii.
3. Piroteestaantii.
4. Muslima.
5. Kan biro haa ibsamu.
104 Sabni kee maali? 1. Oromo.
2. Amaara.
3. Tigree.
4. Guraagee.
5. Kan biro haa ibsamu.
105 Haalli gaa’ela keetii maali? 1. Hin heerumne.
2. Heerumeen jira.
3. Abbaa manaa koo waliin wal hiiknee jirra.
4. Abbaa namaa koowaliin bakka garaagaraa jiraanna.
5. Abbaan manaa koo narraa du’ee jira.
106 Galiin kee ji’aa hangami? Qar.___________________________________

XXXIII
107 Yeroo ammaa enyu waliin jiraachaa 1. Qofaa koo.
jirta? 2. Abbaa manaa koo waliin.
3. Hiriyaa koo dubartii waliin.
4. Hiriyaa koo dhiiraa waliin.
5. Warra koo waliin.
6. kan biro haa ibsamu-------------------

Kutaa II: Odeeffannoowwan hubannoo waliigala wal qunnamtii saalaa fi karoora maatii idilee wajjin
walqabatan.
201 Waa’ee karoora maatii dhageessee 1. Eyyee. Deebiin lakk
beektaa? 2. Lakki. yoo ta’e gar
lakk 205 tti ce’i.
202 Deebiin lakkofsa 201 Eyyee yoo ta’e 1. Kiniinii liqimsamu.
mala karoora maatii kamfa’a beekta? 2. Meshaa gadameessa keessa kaa’amu.
3. Qoricha lilmoon kennamu.
4. Kondomi.
5. Qoricha irree keessa awwaalamu.
6. Kiniinii liqimsamu fi Qoricha lilmoon kennamu
7. Kiniinii liqimsamu, Qoricha lilmoon kennamu fi
Qoricha irree keessa awwaalamu.
8. Kiniinii liqimsamu, Qoricha lilmoon kennamu fi
Qoricha irree keessa awwaalamu fi Kondomi.
9. Kiniinii liqimsamu, Qoricha lilmoon
kennamu,Qoricha irree keessa awwaalamu,
Kondomi fi Meshaa gadameessa keessa kaa’amu
10. Qoricha irree keessa awwaalamu fi Meshaa
gadameessa keessa kaa’amu.
11. Kan biro.__________________________
203 Kana dura mala karoora maatii 1. Eyyee. Deebiin lakki
ammayyaa fayyadamtee beektaa? 2. Lakki. yoo ta’e lakk
205 tti darbi.
204 Gosa karoora maatii kam fayyadamte? 1. Kiniinii liqimsamu.
2. Meshaa gadameessa keessa kaa’amu.
3. Qoricha lilmoon kennamu.
4. Kondomi.
5. Qoricha irree keessa awwaalamu.
6. Homaa hin fayyadamne.
7. Kan biro haa ibsamu.---------------------

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205 Deebiin lakk. 204 Lakki yoo ta’e 1. Tajaajaalli karoora maatii dhaabbaticha keessawaan
Sababni kee maali? hin jirreef.
2. Waa’e karoora maatii beekumsa hin qabu.
3. Hiriyaan kiyya waan balaaleffatuuf.
4. Sababa amantaatiin
5. Rakkolee qoricha wajjin wal qabatanii dhufan
soda.
6. Ulfaa’uu waanan barbaadeef.
7. Wal qunnamtii saalaa darbee darbee qofa waana
raawwadhuuf.
8. Wal qunnamtii saalaa raawwadhee waanan hin
206 Karoora maatii ykn kondomii osoo hin 1. Eyyee.
fayyadamin wal qunnamtii saalaa 2. Lakki.
raawwattee beektaa?
207 Ulfooftee beektaa? 1. Eyyee. Debiin lakki yoo
2. Lakki. ta’e gara kutaa
III tii ce’i.
208 Yeroo meeqa? 9. .
209 Ulfi hin karoorfamne ni jira turee? 1. Eyyee. Lakki yoo ta’e
2. Lakki. gara 211 tti ce’i.
210 Deebiin eyyee yoo ta’e ulfi hin 1. Sababa wal qunnamtii saalaa fedhii malee tiin.
karoorfamne akkamitti uumame? 2. Malli itti fayyadame siirrii hin turre.
3. Karoorri maatii itti fayyadame hin hojjanne.
4. Kondomin tarsa’e ture. 5.Karooramaatii
fayyadamuu dagadheen ture.
6. Sababa amantaatiin.
7. Wal qunnamtii saalaa darbee darbee qofa waana
raawwadhu.
8. kanbiro haa ibsamu .
211 Ulfa of irraa baastee beektaa? 1. Eyyee
2. Lakki

Kutaa III: Odeeffannoowwan haala hubannoo Maloota karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa.
301 Gosti karoora maatii erga walqunnamtiin saalaa 1. Eyyee. If No skip to 303
daangaa hinqabne raawwatamee booda ulfa hin 2. Lakki.
barbaadamne ittisuuf fayyadu ni jiraa? 3. Hin beeku.
302 Maloota walqunnamtii saalaa booda ulfa
hinbarbaadamne ittisuuf gargaaran hunda tarreessi? --------------------------------------.
303 Waa’e karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa dhageessee 1. Eyyee.
beektaa? 2. Lakki.

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304 Jalqaba Eessaa dhageesse? 1. Televiznini irraa/Raadiyoo irraa.
2. Gaazexaa irraa.
3. Fira irraa.
4. Dhaabata fayyaa.
5. Barnoota irraa.
6. Hiriyaa dhiiraa irraa.
7. Hiriyaa dubartii irraa.
8. Ogeessa fayyaa irraa.
9. Kan biro haa ibsamu.
305 Kanneen armaan gadii keessaa kamtu mala karoora 1. Kiniinii liqimsamu.
maatii yeroo hatattamaa ta’uu danda’a? 2. Meshaa gadameessa keessa kaa’amu.
3. Hidda kara gadameessaa seenu.
4. Qorichoota hadhaawoo, qoricha busaa,
loomii
5. Qoricha lilmoon kennamu.
6. Kan biro haa ibsamu.-------------
306 Dubartiin tokko Walqunnamtii saalaa hin 1. Battala walqunnamtii saalaa hin
daangeffamne ykn haalota ulfa hin barbaadamneef daangeffamne ykn haalli ulfa hin
nama saaxilu erga ummame yeroo hangam barbaadamneef nama saaxilu akka
keessatti karoora maatii yeeroo hatattamaa uumameen.
fayyadamuu qabdi? 2. Sa’aatii 24 keessatti/Guyyaa lama.
3. Sa’aatii 72/Guyyaa 3 keessatti/
4. Sa’aatii 120/Guyyaa 5 keessatti/
5. Yeroo laguu itti Anutti
6. Kan birooo Adda baasi.
307 Hanga ati beektutti malootni karoora maatii yeroo 1. Ulfi akka hin uumamne gochuu dhaan.
hatattama akkamitti hojjatu? 2. Ulfa baasuudhaan.
3. Hin beeku.
4. Kan biro haa ibsamu.
308 Karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa eessaa argachuun 1. Hospitaala.
akka danda’amu beektaa? 2. Buufata fayyaa.
3. Kilinika dhuunfaa.
4. Faarmaasii.
5. Kan biro adda baasii__________
309 Karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa haalota akkamii 1. Yeroo wal qunnamtii saalaa fedhii malee.
keessatti fayyadamuun akka danda’amu ibsi? 2. Yoo kondomin tarsa’ee ture.
3. Yeroo karooramaatii (kiniinii liqimsamu)
dagatamu.
4. Yeroo Wal qunnamtii saalaa darbee darbe
qofa raawwatamu.
5. Yeroo halli lakkoofsa guyyaa
dogoggoramu.
6. Ani hin beeku.

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Kutaa IV: Odeeffannoowwan haala ilaalchaa fiitti fayyadama Maloota karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa
wajjin walqabatan (Namoota waa‘ee Karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa dhagahan qofaaf).
401 Maloota karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa 1. Eyyee. Deebiin lakki
fayyadamtee beektaa? 2. Lakki. yoo ta’e gara
lakk. 407tti ce’i.
402 Deebiin lakk. 401 Eyyee yoo ta’e gosa mala 1. Kiniinii liqimsamu.
karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa kam 2. Meeshaa gadameessa keessa kaa’amu
fayyadamte? 3. Kan biro haa ibsamu.---------------------
403 Mala karoora maatii yeroo hattamaa kana 1. Karoora maatii idilee fayyadamaa waan hin
maaliif fayyadamtee turte? (Deebiin tokkoo turreef.
ol ni danda’ama) 2. Wal qunnamtii saalaa hin yaadamne waan na
mudateef.
3. Haalli lakkoofsa guyyaa dogoggorame waan
tureef.
4. Kondomiin tarsa’ee waan tureef.
5. Kiniinii/Piilsii fudhachaa ture waanan
dagadheef.
6.Wal qunnamtii saalaa akkan raawwadhu
dirqisiifamee waan tureef
7. Kan biro adda baasi:
404 Mala karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa kana 1. Hiriyaa koo dubartii.
akka fayyadamtu Eenyutu si gorse? 2. Hiriyaa dhiiraa/Abbaa manaa koo
3. Ogeessa fayyaa.
4. kan biro haa ibsamu.
405 Karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa yeroo 1. Eyyee
tokkoo ol fayyadamtee beektaa? 2. Lakki.
3. Hin yaadadhu
406 Maloota karoora maatii yeroo hattamaa 1. Yeroo tokko
yeroo meeqa fayyadantee beekta? 2. Yeroo lama
3. Yeroo lamaa ol
4. Hin yaadadhu.
407 Deebiin lakk.402 Lakki yoo ta’e sababni ati 1.Tajaajilli karoora maatii yeroo hattamaa waan
hin fayyadamneef maali? (Deebiin tokkoo ol hin jirreef.
ni danda’ama). 2. Waa’e karoora maatii beekumsa hin qabu.
3. Karoorri taatii yeroo hatattamaa amansiisaa
waan hin taaneef.
4. Malli karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa fayyaaf
waan sodaachisuuf.
5. Mal karoora maatii idilee waanan fayyadamuuf.
6. Abbaan mana koo waan jaallanneef.
7. Malootni karoora maatii yeroo hattamaa ulfa
waan baasaniif.

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408 Karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa eessaatti 1. Hospitaala mootummaa kessatti.
kennamuu qaba jettee yaadda? 2. Buufata fayyaatti.
3. Kilinika dhuunfaa
4. Faarmaasiitti.
5. Kan biro adda baasii _________
409 Karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa yeroo 1. Eyyee.
barbaachisaa ta’etti fayyadamuuf ykn hiriyaan ykn 2. Lakki.
firri kee akka fayyadamtu gorsuuf fedhii qabdaa? 3. Ani hin beeku.
410 Deebiin kee lakk.410 lakki yoo ta’e gara 1. Amantaatiin kiyya waan hin eyyamneef.
fuulduraatti karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa 2. Malli karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa
maaliif hin fayyadamne? amansiisaa waan hintaaneef.
3. Rakoo fayyaa waan geesisuuf.
4. Karooramaatii idilee waanan fayyadamuuf.
5. Hiriyaan kiyya waan balaaleffatuuf.
6. Ulfa waan baasuuf
7. Kan biro haa ibsamu.
411 Hiriyaan ykn Abbaan manaa kee mala 1. Eyyee.
karoora maatii yeroo hattamaa akka 2. Lakki.
fayyadamtu ni deeggara jettee yaaddaa? 3. Hin beeku.
412 Maloota karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa 1. Eyyee.
ilaalchisee gaaffii ykn yaada qabduu? 2. Lakki.
413 Gaaffii ykn yaadni keessan maali? 1. Malootni karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa
rakkoo fayyaa geessisuu danda’u.
2. Malootni karoora maatii yeroo hatattamaa yoo
hajjachuu baatan ulfa uumamu miidhuu danda’u.
3. Ulfa gara fuulduraa irratti rakkoo geessisuu
danda’u.
4. Ulfa baasu.
5. Kan biroo adda baasi:
6. Odeeffannoo gahaa hin qabu.
Galatoomaa!

XXXVIII