Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher will state the components which made-up the research

design methodology. These are the following: (a) the specific research design used by the

researcher, (b) the population of the study, (c) the instruments which will be used to test the

validation of the study as well as to get the accurate result of the data when gathering

information, and (d) the statistical treatment which will be used to measure the accuracy of the

response to the respondents total number.

Research Design

Descriptive-correlational method has something to do with the documentation of

observations that includes the data to present after conducting a survey, giving of questionnaires,

doing an interview, and giving of college exam in order to have the data that best suits to this

kind of research study.

This study made use of descriptive-correlational method of research as it requires a

thorough, careful and exhaustive analysis in identifying and categorizing the errors in the written

composition of second year English major students enrolled this School Year 2019-2020. As for

collection of data, it cannot be changed nor manipulated. It concerns with the current status of

the phenomena to describe “what exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation.

Sources of Data

This research study includes both primary and secondary sources. The primary source

used by the researchers is the questionnaires that are intended to be use in the survey that will be
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conducted with regards to the topic of the study. The researchers will analyze and interpret the

results that can give possible response to the questions mentioned in the statement of the

problem. The secondary source used is the foreign and local authored studies gathered from the

internet that will be reliable to use for the researchers data.

Respondents of the Study

The researchers get the total population of the second year college students in Bachelor of

Secondary Education Major in English which is composed of 86 students studying at Mabini

Colleges, Inc. in the present school year 2019-2020. They gathered the information from the

office of the Dean of Education. The criteria used in gathering the data were to know the

effectiveness of the theory. The researcher used the online sample size calculator to get the

number of the sample population (surveysystem.com). The sample size that will be used is

composed of 70 students coming from different blocks in the second year students of Bachelor of

Secondary Education Major in English according to the result given by formula.

Instrument

In order to get a fixed and balanced result of the study, the researchers will be giving

questionnaires, and giving a topic for a composition, an essay specifically in determining the

common grammar errors found in written compositions.

Giving of questionnaires is the first instrument to use in order to determine the student’s

response to the prepared questions with accordance to the sources. According to David

Wilkinson and Peter Bermingham, “Questionnaires can be very detailed, covering many subjects

or issues, and they can also be simple and focus on important area… Questionnaires can be
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designed and used to collect vast quantities of data from a variety of respondents.” It can easily

help the researchers to refer their data to the numerical result of the study.

Writing test is the second instrument to use in order to determine the sources of grammar

evident in student compositions. A writing test is described as any examination modeled to

sample and gauge writing abilities that are inclusive of the motor function of writing, grammar,

content and spelling as cited by Pam (2013).

Data Gathering and Procedure

To gather the data needed, we first make a permit that is eligible for questionnaire that is

to be submitted to the teachers for checking to and to be administered for approving to conduct a

survey to the respondents.

Moreover, as the idea about the topic is already clear, the researchers consult the internet,

books, and tutorials that are related to the study. The collected in the survey will be tallied and

computed to provide a clear answer to the information needed. It will be asked and consulted to

the teacher to finish the whole flow of the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

In the whole process of this study, the investigator will be using statistical treatment

which includes the percentage technique, the frequency count and computing mean and discrete

probability distribution to measure and clear the data being gathered.

1. Frequency Count. The frequency count will be used in order to know the number of

responses to a particular item.

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2. Percentage Technique. This technique will be used to get the percentage of all the

responses. See the formula to get the percentage below.

3. Ranking. This statistical treatment aims to determine the top ranked grammatical errors

committed by the students. This is to measure the relationship between a set of items such

that, for any two items, the first is either “ranked higher than” or “ranked lower than”.

This could be classified as preorder of objects as cited by Dani (2015).

4. Weighted Mean. This statistical tool will be used in order to determine the sum of the

whole over the sum of all the frequencies.

5. Pearson Product Moment Correlation. This will determine the measurement of the

strength of the linear association between two variables and is denoted by r.

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Notes

Burmingham, P. & Wilkins, D. USING RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS A GUIDE FOR

RESEARCHERS.(https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8E7MHk
T_LY&oi=fnd&pgPP1&dq=questionnaires+as+research+instruments&ots=4G
yDTdF06&sig=5CsaBaV5GTJRIbKbaoZ7QuwJM&redir_esc=y#v=questionnaire s
%20research%20instruments&=false

Encyclopedia.com. (2019). FREQUENCY COUNT | Encyclopedia.com. [online] Available at:

https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and
maps/frequency-count [Accessed 17 Dec. 2019].

Scribd. (2019). Percentage Techniques | Percentage | Pound Sterling. [online] Available at:
https://www.scribd.com/doc/8656806/Percentage-Techniques [Accessed 17 Dec. 2019].

Anon, (2019). [online] Available at:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Which_statistical_tool_is_used_to_rank_the_data_ba
ed_on_some_criteria [Accessed 17 Dec. 2019].

Statistics How To. (2019). Weighted Mean: Formula: How to Find Weighted Mean – Statistics
How To. [online] Available at:
https://www.statisticshowto.datasciencecentral.com/weighted-mean/ [Accessed 17 Dec.
2019].

Statistics.laerd.com. (2019). Pearson Product-Moment Correlation - When you should run this
test, the range of values the coefficient can take and how to measure strength of
association.. [online] Available at: https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/pearson
correlation-coefficient-statistical-guide.php [Accessed 17 Dec. 2019].

Methods.sagepub.com. (2019). Descriptive Correlational Research: Asthma Management by

School Nurses - SAGE Research Methods. [online] Available at:
https://methods.sagepub.com/case/descriptive-correlational-research-asthma
management-school-nurses [Accessed 17 Dec. 2019].