CHAPTER III

TECHNICAL STUDY

This part of the study discusses the production process and activities held by the

business. It lists all the raw materials, equipment and step-by-step procedure to turn the raw

materials into finished products. Each materials, tools and equipment are listed with its

corresponding value and how it’s used for production. This part also talks about the general

condition of the business within the industry, plant location and lay-out in the purpose of

introducing the business in technical aspects.

General Business Condition

The printing and photocopying business must be environmentally friendly. This

means taking steps to reduce waste and preserve resources. One way to achieve this is by

minimizing unnecessary printing. Encouraging employees to ask and think twice before

printing and promoting digital alternatives can help reduce paper waste.

When it comes to cleanliness in the business, it is important to maintain an organized

workplace. This includes cleaning the machines and equipment regularly, such as

photocopiers, removing dust and debris. Regular cleaning of machines and equipment are also

essential for safety and cleanliness. Dust and toner particles can accumulate inside the

machines over time and lead to malfunctioning of the machines. By implementing these

practices, the business can create a safer and cleaner environment for both workers and

customers.

In conclusion, prioritize environmental sustainability and cleanliness in the printing

and photocopying business is crucial for both operational efficiency and responsible

stewardship of resources.
Step-by-Step Procedure

Step-by-step procedure for printing:

1. Turn on your computer and make sure it is connected to a printer.

2. Open a document you want to print on your computer.

3. Review the document to ensure it is formatted correctly and contains all the necessary

information.

4. Click on the "File" menu at the top left corner of the document.

5. Select the "Print" option from the drop-down menu. This will open the print setting

window.

6. In the print settings window, choose the desired printer from the available options. If

you have multiple printers connected to your computer, make sure to select one.

7. Specify the number of copies you want to print. You can usually adjust this option in

the print settings window.

8. Check the print preview to ensure that the document will be printed as expected. This

can help you catch any formatting errors or missing content.

9. If necessary adjust any additional print settings such as paper size, orientation, or

print quality.

10. Once you are satisfied with the print settings, click on the "Print" button to start the

printing process.

11. Wait for the printer to finish printing the document. This may take a few seconds or

minutes, depending on the length and complexity of the document.

12. Once the printing is complete, collect the printed papers from the printers’ output

tray.

13. Review the printed papers to ensure that they are clear, legible, and free of any errors.

14. If you need additional copies, repeat the printing process by adjusting the number of

copies in the print settings window.

Step-by-Step Procedure

Step-by-step procedure for photocopier:

1. Turn on the photocopier by pressing the power button. It is usually located on the

front or side of the machine.

2. Lift the cover of the photocopier to access the scanning area.

3. Place the original document that you want to photocopy face-down on the glass

scanning surface. Make sure the document is aligned properly and fits within the

designated area.

4. Close the cover of the photocopier to secure the documents in place.

5. Look for the control panel on the photocopier. It usually consists of buttons or a touch

screen display.

6. Adjust the settings according to your preferences. This may include selecting the

number of copies, paper size, orientation, and print quality. Use the arrow buttons or

touch screen options to navigate through the settings.

7. If necessary, you can also adjust the brightness or contrast settings to enhance the

quality of the copied document.

8. Insert the blank paper that you want to use for the copies into the paper tray. Make

sure the paper is aligned properly and fits within the tray.

9. Check if the photocopier has a paper size adjustments feature.

10. Press the “Start” or copy button on the panel to begin the photocopying process.

11. Wait for the photocopier to scan and print the copies.

12. Once the photocopying is complete, collect the copied papers from the output tray.

13. Review the copied papers to ensure that they are clear, legible, and free of any errors.

14. If you need additional copies, repeat the process by adjusting the settings and

inserting more black paper.

Workflow of the Process (For Photocopier)
The user places the document to be copied on the glass surface of the photocopier and
feeds it into the document feeder tray.
1
The user selects the desired copy settings, such as the number of copies, paper size,
paper type, color or black and white, and any other specific requirements.
2
The user presses the start button or initials the copying process through the photocopier’s
control panel.
3
The photocopier scans the original documents, capturing its content and converting it
into a digital image.
4
The digital image of the document goes through image processing, which include tasks
like adjusting brightness, contrast, and resolution to enhance the quality of the copied
output.
5
The processed digital image is sent to the printer component of the photocopier, which
prints the copies onto paper.
6
Depending on the photocopier’s capabilities, additional finishing options may be
available, such as stapling, whole punching, or sorting the copies.
7
The photocopier delivers the finished copies to an output tray or finishing tray, where the
user can collect them.
8

Workflow of the Process (For Printing)

The document is sent to the printer, and the printing process begins. The printer applies
ink or toner onto the paper to reproduce the context of the document.
1
Throughout the printing process, quality control measures are taken to ensure that the
printed output meets the desired standards, this may involve checking for color
2 accuracy, print clarity, and any other specific requirements specified by the customer.

After the printing is complete, additional finishing options may be applied based on the
customer’s request; this can include task such as binding, stapling, folding, trimming, or
3 laminating the printed material.

The finished printed materials are packaged appropriately to protect them during
transportation or delivery. This may involve using envelops, boxes, or other suitable
4 packaging materials.

The customer can choose to have the printed materials delivered to a specified address or
pick them up from the printing services provider’s location.
5
The customer pays for the printing services rendered, either at the time of pickup or
through an agreed-upon payment method.
6
Service Description

The shop offers various services, including photocopy and printing.

Black and white photocopying: Offering high-quality black and white photocopying

services for documents, reports and other materials.

Color photocopying: Providing vibrant and accurate color photocopying services for

images, presentations and school materials.

Photo printing: High-quality photo printing services for personal and professional

use including photo enlargements and custom photo gifts.

Finishing services: Offering finishing touches such as laminating, cutting and

folding to enhance the durability and presentation of printed materials.

On-Demand printing: Quick and efficient on-demand printing services for last-

minute needs, ensuring fast turnaround times without compromising quality.

Document printing: High-speed documents printing services for reports, flyers and

other school documents in both black and white and color.

Material and Equipment’s

Photocopier Machine- A device used to make copies

of documents and other visual images quickly and

easily.

Printer- A device that produces hard copies of digital

documents or images.
Die-Cutting Machine- Used to create custom shapes

and designs on printed materials.

Binding Machine- Used to create professional-looking

documents by securely binding the pages together.

Laminator- Used to apply a protective layer of plastic

film into printed documents, making them more

durable and resistant to damage.

Ink or Toner Cartridges- These is the ink storage

containers used for printing documents.

Calculator- A machine that allows people to make

math operations more easily.

Printing Plates- These are used in offset printing to

transfer the image onto the paper.

Papers- Different types of paper are used, such as bond

paper, glossy paper, and specialty paper, depending on

the desired print quality and purpose.

Control Panel- This is where the user can control the

functions of the printer.

Lamp Scanner- It illuminates the document being

copied, allowing the scanner to capture the image.

Imaging Unit- This creates an image of the document

to be printed.

Automatic Document Feeder- This allows multiple

pages to be copied or scanned at one time without the

need for manual feeding.

Scanner- It captures the image of the document and

sends it to the imaging unit.

 Input Tray- This is where the original document is

placed for copying.

Fuser Unit- This part of the photocopier uses heat to

adhere the toner to the paper, creating a permanent

copy of the original document.

Output Tray- The final copied documents are

collected here.

Drum Unit- This is a cylinder coated with

photoconductive material where the image is formed

before being transferred to the paper.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Description

Fire Extinguisher- A portable apparatus used to put out

fires in an emergency by shooting out a jet of water,

foam, gas, or another substance.

Plant Location

The researchers spot the best place to venture the photocopier and printing services.

In this case, the location of the proposed business will be located near at Siari John H.

Roemer National High School in Siari, Sindangan, Zamboanga Del Norte.

PRiNTECH PRO

Plant Location

Plant Layout

The plant layout is tactically designed to support the smooth process of the propose

business (Photocopier and Printing services). The printing area is where the materials,

documents, and images to be printed. The waiting area is where the customers wait for the

document or the project to be done on printing. The counter area is the place where the
customers will receive the finish product or output. The stockroom is where the materials for

printing to be placed or stored. The toilet or comfort room is where the customers and

employee will pee or poop. The fire exit is where the people escape encases of fire

emergency.

FIRE
EXIT

WAITING AREA
PRINTING AREA MAIN DOOR
STOCK
ROOM

AREA
COUNTER

COMFORT
ROOM

Plant Layout

1. Printing Area- An area refers to the designated space or facility where printing activities

take place. That's a designated space inside a structure or business that has printing supplies

and equipment.

2. Waiting Area- Is refers to a designated space within a printing facility where customers

can wait while their printing orders are being process.

3. Counter Area- A surface used for making transaction inside the facility or shop where

customers pay their items.

4. Stock Room- Is a designated space within a business where the materials are stored

temporarily.
5. Toilet or Comfort Room- A room for defecation and urination usually consisting of a

bowl filled with a hinged seta and connected to a waste pipe and a flushing apparatus.

6. Fire Exit- An emergency exit of a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as fire.

The combined use of regular and special exits allows for faster evacuation, while it also

provides an alternative route to regular exit is blocked by fire.

Cost and Expense Schedule

Table 1.1 The table shows the cost and expense in purchasing the raw materials.

Table 1: Purchase of Raw Materials

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY PRODUCTION UNIT UNIT ANNUAL

PRICE COST

WEEKLY MONTHLY YEARLY

Bond 1 ream 4 ream 48 ream ₱270 ₱12,960

paper

Ink 1 set 4 set 48 set ₱800 ₱38,400

TOTAL ₱51,360
Table 1.2 The table shows the materials used in printing and photocopying services.

Table 2: Purchase of Materials

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY UNIT AMOUNT ESTIMATED

USEFUL LIFE

Calculator 2 pcs ₱150 ₱300 6 months

Input/ Output 2pcs ₱500 ₱1,000 3 years

tray

Toner 3 pcs ₱1,600 ₱48200 2 years

Cartridges

TOTAL ₱6,100
Table 1.3 The table below shows the “Printech Pro” equipment’s.

Table 3: Purchase of Equipment’s

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY UNIT PRICE AMOUNT ESTIMATED DEPRECIATI

USEFUL ON

LIFE(YEARS) EXPENSE

Photocopier

and
3pcs ₱50,000 ₱150,000 5 ₱30,000
Printing

Machine

Die Cutting 2 pcs ₱1,500 ₱3,000 6 ₱500

Machine

Binding 1 pc ₱3,500 ₱3,500 7 ₱500

Machine

Laminators 1 pc ₱2,000 ₱2,000 8 ₱250

TOTAL ₱158,500 ₱31,250

Table 1.4 The table below shows the cost and expense in purchasing packaging materials.

Table 4: Purchase of Packaging

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY PRICE DAILY WEEKLY MONTHLY ANNUAL

Envelops 10 pcs ₱11 ₱110 ₱660 ₱2,640 ₱31,680

Folders 5 pcs ₱12 ₱60 ₱360 ₱1,440 ₱17,280

Wrapping 10 pcs ₱11 ₱110 ₱660 ₱3,410 ₱31,680

Paper

TOTAL ₱80,640

Note: The total cost of purchasing materials is ₱80,640.

Table 1.5 The table below shows the Personal Protective Equipment’s.

Table 5: Personal Protective Equipment

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY PRICE AMOUNT ESTIMATED

USEFUL

LIFE(YEARS)

Fire 1 pcs ₱1,200 ₱1,200 3

Extinguisher

TOTAL ₱1,200.00

Note: The cost of purchasing Personal Protective Equipment is ₱1,200.00.

Table 1.6 The table below shows the cost in purchasing cleaning materials.

Table 6: Cleaning Materials

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY PRICE AMOUNT ESTIMATED

USEFUL

LIFE(YEARS)

Broom 2 pcs ₱50 ₱100 1

 Dustpan 2 pcs ₱45 ₱90 2

Trash bin 3 pcs ₱150 ₱450 5

TOTAL ₱245

Table 1.7 The table below shows the cleaning supplies.

Table 7: Cleaning Supplies

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY PRICE AMOUNT

Toilet brush 1 pc ₱50 ₱50

Cleaning 3 pcs ₱180 ₱540

solution

TOTAL ₱590

Note: The cost of purchasing cleaning supplies in a year is ₱590.00.

Table 1.8 The table below shows the cost in purchasing stationary and office supplies.

Table 8: Stationary and Office Supplies

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY PRICE AMOUNT

Record book 2 pcs ₱100 ₱200

Official receipt 5 pcs ₱20 ₱100

Ball pen 12 pcs ₱10 ₱120

Calculator 1 pcs ₱80 ₱80

 Paper clips 24 pcs ₱5 ₱120

TOTAL ₱620.00

Note: The cost of purchasing Stationary and Office Supplies is ₱620.00.

Table 1.9 The table below shows the advertisement expense.

Table 9: Advertisement Expense

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY COST TOTAL

COST

Tarpaulin 5 pcs ₱400.00 ₱2,00.00

Key chain 50 pcs ₱50.00 ₱750.00

TOTAL ₱2,750.00

Note: The cost for advertisement is ₱2,750.00.

Table 2.1 The table shows the cost in Purchasing Office Furniture and Fixtures.

Table 10: Office Furniture and Fixtures

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY PRICE AMOUNT ESTIMATED DEPRECIATION

USEFUL EXPENSE

LIFE(YEARS)

Table 1 pc ₱400 ₱400 5 ₱80

Office 3 pcs ₱1,000 ₱3,000 5 ₱600

chairs

Electri 3 pcs ₱1,200 ₱3,000 3 ₱1,200

c fan
 Office 2 pcs ₱1,000 ₱2,000 8 ₱250

table

Couch 1 pc ₱8,000 ₱8,000 8 ₱1,000

(Sofa)

TOTAL ₱17,000 ₱3,130

Note: The cost of Purchasing office furniture and fixture is ₱17,000.00.

Table 2.2 The table below shows the cost in purchasing office accessories.

Table 11: Office Accessories

PICTURE ITEM QUANTITY PRICE AMOUNT ESTIMATED

USEFUL

LIFE(YEARS)

Wall clock 2 pcs ₱150 ₱300 5

Flower set 1 pc ₱100 ₱100 5

Bulb 4 pcs ₱70 ₱280 2

 Frames 6 pcs ₱40 ₱240 5

Table cloth 4 pcs ₱15 ₱60 3

TOTAL ₱980

Note: The total cost in purchasing office accessories is ₱980.00 in an annual business

operation.

Table 2.3 The table below shows the rental expense of “Printech Pro”.

Table 12: Rental Expense

DAILY WEEKLY MONTHLY YEARLY

₱250.00 ₱1,500.00 ₱6,000.00 ₱72,000.00

Note: The rental expense per month is ₱6,000.00, and the annual rental is ₱72,000.00.

Table 2.4 The table shows the salaries and wages.

Table 13: Salaries and Wages

POSITION DAILY WEEKLY MONTHLY ANNUALLY

MANAGER/OWNER

Cashier ₱250.00 ₱1,500.00 ₱6,000.00 ₱72,000.00

 Employees ₱350.00 ₱2,100.00 ₱8,400.00 ₱100,800.00

TOTAL ₱600.00 ₱3,600.00 ₱14,400.00 ₱172,800.00

Note: The daily salary of a cashier is ₱250.00, weekly is ₱1,500.00, and monthly of

₱6,000.00, and his/her annual salary is ₱72,000.00. The business only hires three (3)

employees with ₱350.00 daily salary, ₱2,100.00 weekly and a monthly of ₱8,400.00, and

his/her annual salary is ₱100,800.00.

The business will be open 6 days a week, from Monday to Saturday and will be close

Sunday. The manager/owner of the Printech Pro business must take over the duty and

responsibility of any personnel who is absent so that flow of work will go well.

Table 2.5 The table bellows shows the utilities expense.

Table 14: Utilities Expense

TOTAL DAILY WEEKLY MONTHLY ANNUALLY

Electric bills ₱53.50 ₱321.50 ₱1,284.00 ₱15, 408.00

TOTAL ₱53.50 ₱321.50 ₱1,284.00 ₱15,408.00

Note: The expense for utilities is ₱53.50 daily, ₱321.50 weekly, ₱1,284.00 monthly and

₱15,408.00 annually. The monthly basis is multiplied to the total number of months in a year

(12) to come up in a total expense of utilities in a year.

Table 2.6 The table below shows the depreciation expense for 2024-2027.

2024 2025 2026 2027

Equipment ₱31,250.00 ₱31,927.62 ₱32,482.40 ₱32,850.12

 TOTAL ₱31,250.00 ₱31,927.62 ₱32,482.40 ₱32,850.12

Table 2.7 The table below shows the Taxes and Licenses.

2024 2025 2026 2027

Taxes and Licenses ₱19,274.72 ₱25,932.96 ₱30,240.95 ₱35,400.18

Business Permits ₱1,400.00 ₱1,442.00 ₱1,485.26 ₱1,529.18

TOTAL ₱29,674.72 ₱27,374.96 ₱31,726.21 ₱36,929.36

Note: The total cost for taxes and licenses in a projected year was presented above in annual

business operation.

Table 2.8 The table below shows the cost of goods sold.

2024 2025 2026 2027

Beginning

Inventory

Add: Purchase ₱51,360.00 ₱102,720.00 ₱154,080.00 ₱205,440.00

of Raw

Materials

Packaging ₱80,640.00 ₱161,280.00 ₱241,920.00 ₱322,560.00

Cost of Goods ₱132,000.00 ₱264,000.00 ₱396,000.00 528,000.00

Sold

Table 3.1 The table below shows the demand of printing services.
 DEMAND 2024 2025 2026 2027

Colored Printing ₱36,500.00 ₱54,750.00 ₱73,000.00 ₱83,950.00

B & W Printing ₱54,750.00 ₱73,00.00 ₱76,650.00 ₱91,250.00

TOTAL ₱91,250.00 ₱127,750.00 ₱149,650.00 ₱175,200.00

Note: The researcher identify specific number of offerings to produce based on the

demand study showcasing the purchasing power and their capacity to buy the product.

Table 3.2 The table below shows the demand of photocopying services.

DEMAND 2024 2025 2026 2027

Colored ₱54,750.00 ₱62,050.00 ₱65,700.00 ₱73,000.00

Photocopying

B&W ₱76,650.00 ₱80,300.00 ₱98,550.00 ₱102,200.00

Photocopying

TOTAL ₱131,400.00 ₱142,350.00 ₱164,250.00 ₱175,200.00

Note: The researcher identify specific number of offerings to produce based on the demand

study showcasing the purchasing power and their capacity to buy the product.

Table 3.3 The table below shows the Sales of Printing Services

SALES 2024 2025 2026 2027

 Colored ₱933,120.00 ₱1,244,160.00 ₱1,555,200.00 ₱1,710,720.00

Printing

B&W ₱518,400.00 ₱691,200.00 ₱864,000.00 ₱950,400.00

Printing

TOTAL ₱1,451,520.00 ₱1,935,360.00 ₱2,419,200.00 ₱2,661,120.00

Note: The sales of printing matters because there are months demanding a high sales and low

sales.

Table 3.4 The table below shows the Sales of Photocopying services.

SALES 2024 2025 2026 2027

Colored ₱518,400.00 ₱691,200.00 ₱864,000.00 ₱950,400.00

Photocopying

B&W ₱17,280.00 ₱276,480.00 ₱345,600.00 ₱380,160.00

Photocopying

TOTAL ₱535,680.00 ₱967,680.00 ₱1,209,600.00 ₱1,330,560.00

Note: The sales of photocopying matters because there are months demanding a high sales

and low sales.

Table 3.5 The table below shows the total sales of Printech Pro for the year 2024-2027.

2024 2025 2026 2027

 ₱1,987,200.00 ₱2,903,040.00 ₱3,628,800.00 ₱3,991,680.00

Table 3.6 The table below shows the total cost of Printech Pro.

2024 2025 2026 2027

₱132,000.00 ₱264,000.00 ₱396,000.00 ₱528,000.00