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'A' (@ )
NEB - GRADE XII
2081 (2024) ^= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [#]
clgjfo{ g] k fnL -s_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 tLgcf]6f pk;u{ Jo'TkGg zAb / tLgcf]6f k|Too Jo'TkGg zAb
df} s f -k"/ s_ k/LIff klxrfg u/L ltgsf] lgdf{0f k|lqmof b]vfpg'xf];\ M
ljBfnodf ;/:jtL k"hfsf] /dfOnf] lyof] . ljBfyL{x¿ /dfp“b} k"hfsf nflu pT;flxt
ljBfyL{x¿n] ;s];Dd cfˆg} zAbdf pQ/ lbg'kg]{ 5 . bfof“ lsgf/fdf lbOPsf] cª\sn] k"0ff{ª\s lyP . pgLx¿ k"hf / cf/fwgfdf cToGt ;lqmo lyP clg ljleGg sfo{ klg ub}{
hgfp“b5 . lyP . pgLx¿ g} sfo{qmdsf cfof]hs jf stf{ ePsfn] s;/L sfd ug'k{ bf]{ /x]5 eGg]
;do M # 306f k"0ff{ª\s : &% cg'ej klg pgLx¿n] cfh{g u/] .
!= lbOPsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf zAbx¿sf] cIf/ ;+/rgf b]vfO{ cIf/ ;ª\Vof;d]t -v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 tLgcf]6f ;d:t zAb / tLgcf]6f låTj Jo'TkGg zAb vf]hL ltgsf]
b]vfpg'xf];\ M [#] lgdf{0f k|lj|mof b]vfpg'xf];\ M
kf7\oqmdcg';f/ tof/ kfl/Psf] g]kfnL kf7\ok':tssf ljleGg kf7n] xfdLnfO{ Jofjxfl/s u'?cfdfn] ;;fgf s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ o:tf sfuv'§,] rl/gª\u]| / lsl/ªldl/ª cIf/ gn]v
1fg lbPsf 5g\ . eGg'eof] . pxf“n] v'?v'? ;kmf / kfga'§] cIf/ n]v klg eGg'eof] . pxf“sf] s'/f ;'gk] l5
@= lbOPsf] cg'R5]bnfO{ z'4 u/L k'gn]{vg ug{'xf];\ M [#] pgLx¿ d';'d';' xf“:b} /dfpg yfn] .
xfdLn] lasNk vf]Hg'k5{, za}n] Pp6} sfd u/]/ x'“b}g . xfd|f cl;ldt cfjZostf kl/k'lt{ &= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [$]
ug{sfnflu ljljwtfsf] vf]hL ug'{k5{ . -s_ n], nfO{, af6, b]lv, /f], df, sf] ljelSt nfu]sf sf/sx¿sf] k|of]u u/L cfÇgL cfdfsf
#= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [@] af/]df j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .
-s_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f kfl/eflifs zAb / Pp6f cg's/0ffTds zAb klxrfg -v_ lbOPsf jfSox¿nfO{ pRr cfb/df kl/jt{g ug'x{ f];\ M
u/L ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'{xf];\ M pm x/]s lbg sn]h hfG5 . pm sIffdf k9fPsf] Wofg lbP/ ;'G5 . pm ga'em]sf]
k/LIff xndf lg/LIfs ;'6'Ss cfPsf] b]Vbf k/LIffyL{ d';'d';' xf“;] . pgLx¿ eg] s'/fdf 5nkmn u5{ . pm k/LIffdf pTs[i6 cª\s Nofp“5 .
pQ/k'l:tsfdf v'?v'? n]Vb} lyP . *= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [$]
-v_ lbOPsf] cg'R5]baf6 Pp6f pvfg / Pp6f 6'Ssf klxrfg u/L ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f];M\ -s_ ;fdfGo e"tsfnsf lqmofkbsf] k|of]u u/L cfk"mn] e|d0f u/]sf] s'g} /d0fLo :ynsf
ahf/df xf]xNnf x'g yfn]kl5 slt hgf t ;'O“sR' rf 7f]s] . o:tf] le8df ;f“9s ] f] h'wfO af/]df rf/ jfSodf j0f{g ug'{xf];\ .
afR5fsf] ldrfO x'g] xf] ls eg]/ d klg 3/lt/ s'nn] fd 7f]s“] . x'nd'ndf lhp hf]ufpg' -v_ tnsf jfSonfO{ cs/0fdf kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M
clgsfndf lap hf]ufpg' eGg] egfO u'?n] ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] . d}n] oxL s'/fnfO{ d}n] ;fyLnfO{ af6f]df e]6]“ . pm xtf/df lyof] . ltdL ;w}“ o:t} xf] egL d l/;fP“ . pm
lz/f]wfo{ u/]“ . klg v';L eof] .
$= lbOPsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\sg ul/Psf kbx¿sf] zAbju{ klxrfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M [#] (= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [$]
:ofaf; Û sIffdf ltdL g} k|yd x'G5f} eGg] dnfO{ k"/f ljZjf; lyof] . u'?n] To; lbg -s_ lbOPsf cf7cf]6f ;/n jfSonfO{ rf/cf]6f hl6n jfSodf kl/jt{g ug'{xf];\ M
eGg'ePsf] s'/f d cem} emnemnL ;DemG5' . hfg'sf ;x/ uOg\ . hfg'sfn] cfÇgf ;fyL;“uL e]l6g\ . hfg'sf ahf/ 3'Dg uOg\ . pgn]
%= lbOPsf] cg'R 5]b af6 b'O { cf]6f tT;d / b'O {cf]6f cfuGt's zAb klxrfg u/L rnlrq x]l/g\ . hfg'sfn] cfO;lqmd vfOg\ . hfg'sfn] gof“ n'uf lslgg\ . hfg'sf
n]Vg'xf];\ M [@] ;fyL;“u /dfOg\ . hfg'sf Ps xKtfkl5 3/ kmls{g\ .
ufp“df s[lif hfu/0f ;'? ePsf] 5 . ufp“d} a;]/ klg dgUu] cfDbfgL ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 eGg]
k'li6 ePsf] 5 . s[ifsn] b'w pTkfbg u/L cfly{s ;d[l4 ug{sf nflu ahf/df htftt}
8]/L v'n]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿n] k};f klg sdfPsf 5g\ .
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 (# ) ))@!'A' ))@!'A' ($ )
-v_ lbOPsf k|ToIf sygsf jfSox¿nfO{ ck|ToIf sygdf kl/jt{g ug'x{ f];\ M dfgjLo dgdf cl:tTjsf ljifodf ;d]t clgZrosf] efj pTkGg x'g' :jfefljs} lyof] . To;
a'afn] eGg'eof] æ5f]/f Û /fd|/L k9\g" .Æ ;dosf cd]l/sL /fi6«klt 8f]gfN8 6«Dkn] o;nfO{ ‘lrlgof“ ’ efO/;sf] ;+1f lbPkl5 o;
8fS6/n] eGg'eof] æw'd|kfg :jf:Yosf nflu xflgsf/s 5 .Æ dxfdf/Ln] /fhgLlts ¿k lnPsf] / ljZj b'O{ w'|jdf ljeflht ePsf] cg'dfg ug{ c;xh
;fyLn] dnfO{ elgg\ æltdL klg d]/} 3/ cfpm x} .Æ ePg . dxfdf/LnfO{ ;d]t /fhgLlts ¿k lbg] / cfÇgf] :jfy{sf] b'gf] ;f]em\ofpg nflukg]{ of]
b'ik|j[lQ s'g} If]qLo dxflbkLo dfq xf]Og, j}lZjs g} eO;s]sf] 5 . ;fob o;} eP/ xf]nf,
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] eg] æg]kfn rf/ j0f{ 5lQ; hftsf] ;femf k"mnaf/L xf] .Æ
sltko ljZn]ifsx¿n] sf]/f]gf dxfdf/LnfO{ t];f| ] ljZjo'4sf] km/s ¿k jf h}ljs dxfo'4
!)= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [%] eg]/ l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ .
hLjgsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ c+znfO{ ;d]6g\ ] ljlzi6 36gfsf] l;nl;n]jf/ k|:t'lt syf xf] . o:t} !@= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [$]
36gfsf] sfo{sf/0f >[ªv \ nfnfO{ syfgs elgG5 . syfsf] cfsf/ / :j¿k tof/ kfg]{ sfo{df -s_ v]ns'bsf ;fdu|L dfu u/L /fKtL :6]zg/L, 3f]/fxLn] uf}/L :6]zg/L lqk'/Z] j/ sf7df8f}n“ fO{
syfgsn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ ePsfn] o;nfO{ syfsf] d'Vo tŒjsf ¿kdf lng] n]Vg] Jofj;flos lr7Lsf] gd'gf tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ .
ul/G5 . syfdf 36gf cl3 a9fpg jf sfo{Jofkf/ ;DkGg ug{ kfqsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] -v_ k':tsfnosf] w/f}6L /sd ¿= !))).– lkmtf{ ln“bf ljBfnosf] n]vfzfvfn] tkfO{+;“u
x'G5 . kfq dfgjLo / dfgj]Q/ u/L b'O{ lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . syf eGg] kfqnfO{ ;dfVoftf u/fPsf] ekf{Os { f] g'dgf tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ .
elgG5 . ;dfVoftf syfleqs} kfq klg x'g ;S5 / syfaflx/sf] klg x'g ;S5 . syfsf]
!#= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [%]
kfq cfkm}n] syfsf] ;dfVofg u/]sf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ k|yd k'?if b[li6laGb' ePsf] syf / cGo
kfqsf dfWodaf6 syfsf] ;dfVofg ul/Psf] 5 eg] To;nfO{ t[tLo k'?if b[li6laGb' k|of]u -s_ z}lIfs e|d0fdf uPsf] ljj/0f ;dfj]z u/L Pp6f k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . -dfgf}+
ePsf] syf elgG5 . k|yd k'?if b[li6laGb' ePsf] syfdf ‘d’ / ‘xfdL’ h:tf k|yd k'?ifnfO{ tkfO{+sf] gfd tf/f xf] / ljBfnosf] gfd ;j{sNof0f df=lj= xf] ._
a'emfpg] kbsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 eg] t[tLo k'?if b[li6laGb' ePsf syfdf ‘Tof]’, ‘pm’, -v_ ‘k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f’ zLif{sdf !%) zAb;Ddsf] l6Kk0fL n]Vg'xf];\ .
‘ltgLx¿’ h:tf t];|f] k'?if a'emfpg] kbsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 . 36gfsf] ;do, :yfg / !$= s'g} Ps p4/0fsf] JofVof ug'{xf];\ M [$]
To;af6 pTkGg x'g] jftfj/0fnfO{ kl/j]z elgG5 . syfn] eGg vf]hs ] f] d'Vo s'/f ;f/j:t' -s_ dg}{ k5{ eg] klg k/ k'uL d/f}+ .
xf] . o;nfO{ ;Gb]z klg elgG5 . syfdf uB efiffsf] k|of]u x'G5 . k|efjsf/L ¿kdf cl3 ge'mSg] of] lxdfndf lsg em'sL d/f}+ . .
a9fpg kfqsf lardf ;+jfb klg x'g ;S5 . syfsf] efiffnfO{ j0f{gfTds, kfqfTds, gf6sLo -v_ b[9 OR5fzlQm, 1fgzlQm / lqmofzlQmsf ;fd' zf/Ll/s /f]u zlQmxLg x'G5 .
cflb z}nLdf k|:t't ug{ ;lsG5 . syfgs, kfq, kl/j]z, b[li6laGb', efiffz}nL / ;f/j:t' oL !%= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [$]
;a} syfsf tŒj x'g\ .
-s_ lbOPsf] k|aGwf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
k|Zgx¿ M
;xsf/L :jfoQ ;+:yf x'g\ . ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng tyf sfdsf/afxLdf ;/sf/ tyf cGo
-s_ syf eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ syfdf lsg kfqsf] k|of]u ul/G5 < afx\o lgsfosf] x:tIf]k x'b“ g} . ;xsf/Ldf d"ntM sfg'gL zf;g, kf/blz{tf / hjfkmb]xL
-u_ k|yd k'?if / t[tLo k'?if b[li6laGb' ePsf syfdf s:tf—s:tf kbsf] k|of]u ul/G5 < 9ª\un] ;+:yf rnfpg] ul/G5 . ;ª\3 ;+:yfn] cfÇgf ;b:oaf6 art tyf k'h“ L ;ª\sng
-3_ syfdf kl/j]z / ;f/j:t' eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 < / afx\o ;|ft] af6 ;Demf}tf u/L C0f k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . o;nfO{ Jojl:yt ¿kdf ;~rfng
-ª_ syfsf tŒjx¿ s'g s'g x'g\ < ug{sf nflu o;sf PsfO ;fwf/0f ;ef, ;~rfns tyf n]vf ;ldlt cflb ljleGg pk
!!= lbOPsf] cg'R5]b k9L d'Vo d'Vo rf/cf]6f a'“bf l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ / Ps t[tLof+zdf ;ldltsf] Joj:yf ;xsf/L lgodfjnLdf ul/Psf] 5 .
;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ M [@+#] k|Zgx¿ M
sf]/f]gf efO/;n] lgDTofPsf] dxfdf/Lsf] o; cjlwdf ljZj dfgj ;Eotfn] ce"tk"j{ -c_ ;xsf/L ;+:yf s:tf] x'g'k5{ <
;ª\s6sf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . ljsl;t / cljsl;t elgg] b'j} ljZjn] ;dfh ljsf;sf -cf_ ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;~rfngdf s] s:tf r'gf}tL b]vfkb{5g\ <
dfgjLo, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, Jofjxfl/s / dgf]bfz{lgs ;d:ofx¿sf] ;fdgf -v_ lbOPsf] syf+z k9L ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
u/] . o; efO/;sf] pb\ud / k|efjaf/] ;dfgfGt/ l;4fGt ;fj{hlgs eO/x“bf sf]/f]gfsf] ;'af]wsf] a]jf:tfsf] / nfkaf{xLsf] s'/f ;'g]/ dnfO{ crfgfdf /fv]/ v's'/Ln] 6'q\mofP
pTklQaf/] afof]6]/f]l/Hd h:tf] ;Dj]bgzLn / ljjfbf:kb, l;4fGt;d]t rrf{df cfp“bf
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 (% ) ))@!'A'
h:t} nfUof] . cToGt ;ª\s6do jftfj/0f b]v]+ . sf“8}sf“8fsf] emfªdf kmflnlbP h:tf]
nfUof] . z/L/ el/ gLnsf“8f pd|]h:t} nfUof] . ca k|Zg ug'{, hjfkm lbg' cgy{
;Dem]“ . af3nfO{ ufO{ ;De]m/ sxf“ x'G5 / < ;em]“ cfh;Dd d}n] ufO{nfO{ xf]Og af3nfO{
dfof ul//x]5' . ljZjf; / cfzf /x]5' . hLjgnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf pxf“nfO{ ;dk{0f
u/]sL lyP“ . ;a} nt/kt/ eP . d]/f ;Dk"0f{ efjgf pbf; pbf; kf]v/Ldf Çof“lsP .
d ?“b} lyP“ t/ Tof] cf“;' d}n] ;'af]wnfO{ b]vfO“g . ;'af]wnfO{ s]xL elgg“ .
k|Zgx? M
-c_ ddtfnfO{ kL8f x'g'sf] sf/0f n]Vg'xf];\ .
-cf_ k|:t't syf+zsf cfwf/df ;'af]wnfO{ lrgfpg'xf];\ .
!^= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [$]
-s_ bdoGtLn] gnnfO{ k|fKt ug{sf nlfu u/]sf k|of;x¿ tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf nfUb5g\ <
k|ltlqmof n]Vg'xf];\ .
-v_ dflg;nfO{ hft, ju{, j0f{, lnª\u, If]qLotf cflbsf cfwf/df ul/g] lje]b k6Ss} /fd|f]
xf]Og . o; egfO{nfO{ ts{ lbP/ k'li6 ug'{xf];\ .
!&= s'g} Ps k|Zgsf] ;dLIffTds pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M [*]
-s_ ‘Ps lrxfg’ pkGof;sf] kfq uf]bQk|;fbsf] rl/qlrq0f ug'{xf];\ .
-v_ ‘cfdfsf] ;kgf’ sljtfdf sljn] qmflGtsf] cfjZostf lsg cf}“NofPsf 5g\ < ;dLIff
ug'{xf];\ .
!*= s'g} Ps zLif{sdf sDtLdf @%) zAb;Ddsf] lgaGw n]Vg'xf];\ M [*]
-s_ lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] pkfb]otf
-v_ g]kfnsf] hn;Dkbf
-u_ d]/f] b]z, d]/f] uf}/a

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