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Lesson+3.2+ +Phase+Changes

This document explains phase changes in matter, detailing how energy addition or removal can cause transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states. It covers concepts such as thermal energy, temperature, and the effects of pressure on phase changes. Additionally, it describes specific processes like melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation, as well as the impact of atmospheric pressure on these changes.

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14 views17 pages

Lesson+3.2+ +Phase+Changes

This document explains phase changes in matter, detailing how energy addition or removal can cause transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states. It covers concepts such as thermal energy, temperature, and the effects of pressure on phase changes. Additionally, it describes specific processes like melting, freezing, vaporization, condensation, and sublimation, as well as the impact of atmospheric pressure on these changes.

Uploaded by

nagisaakabane124
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Phase

Changes
Lesson 3.2
Objectives

Explain how the addition and


removal of energy can cause a
phase change.

Interpret a phase diagram.


+ Change of State - is the change of a
What Happens substance from one physical form of matter
to another. (physical change)
When Matter + Energy must be added or removed to
Changes State? change state
+ When a substance gains or loses energy, its
temperature changes, or its state changes.
Thermal Energy
and Temperature
• Particles have both kinetic and
potential energy.
• Kinetic energy (KE) – “motion”
• Potential energy (PE) – “stored”
• Thermal energy - total internal
KE and PE of all particles in an
object or substance.
• Increase thermal energy of a substance
by heating it.
Thermal Energy • When you apply heat, you are
transferring energy from the heat source
to the substance.
• If you add enough heat to a substance, it
can change the state of matter.
Temperature
• Temperature is proportional to
the average KE and PE of the
particles in an object or
substance
• The faster the particles move,
the greater the KE and the
higher the temperature.
• As a substance is cooled, the
thermal energy decreases and
the particles slow down.
Phase Change and Temperature
Solid to Liquid
• Melting - the change of state from solid to liquid
• Requires thermal energy
• Most pure substances melt at a specific temperature - Melting point
• When a solid substance melts, the particles vibrate so fast that they break free from
their fixed position.
Liquid to a Solid
• Freezing - state of change from a liquid to a solid
• Releases energy
• When a substance begins to freeze, they begin to take on fixed positions
to form a solid rather than vibrate more freely in a liquid.
• When the temperature of the liquid begins to drop down to the point
where it begins to form a solid the liquid has reached its “freezing point”
or the temperature that is required for it to freeze.
• The freezing point of water is 0 C, or 32 F.
Liquid to a Gas
• Vaporization - state of change
from a liquid to a gas
• Requires energy
• Vaporization occurs when a liquid
gains enough energy to move
independently enough to form a
gas.
• When vaporization is occurring on
the surface of a liquid it is called
evaporation.
• Boiling point- the specific
temperature a pure substance
begins to boil.
Gas to a Liquid
• The opposite of vaporization is
condensation.
• Releases energy
• During condensation particles lose
enough thermal energy to form a
liquid.
• A cloud is water in a vapor form that
has condensed into the liquid and
forms shape of a cloud in the sky.
Solid to a Gas
• Sublimation occurs when
surface particles gain enough
energy to become a gas.
• Requires energy
• During sublimation particles
do not transition from a solid
into a liquid, instead they
move directly from a solid
state into a gas state.
• Example: dry ice moves
directly from a solid to a gas at
room temperature
Phase Changes
Effect of Pressure
on Matter
• When the pressure is increased
the molecules come closer to
each other which as a result
increases the strength of the
intermolecular forces.
• Increasing the pressure on a
gas, changes the state to a
liquid. Increasing the pressure
on a liquid, changes the state
to a solid.
Heating and Cooling Curve
Atmospheric
Pressure
• Atmospheric pressure (or barometric
pressure) is the weight of the air pushing
down onto the earth’s surface.
• If you were to travel up in altitude the total
weight of the air above you is less, and so
the atmospheric decreases.
+ How does atmospheric pressure affect
weather?
+ Tornadoes 101

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