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Day 3 Topic_122149

This document provides an introduction to computer basics, detailing the essential parts of a computer such as the monitor, CPU, keyboard, mouse, and speakers, along with their functions. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these components for effective computer use and includes activities and evaluation questions to reinforce learning. Additional components like storage devices and power supply units are also discussed.

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rapisjennifer
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14 views5 pages

Day 3 Topic_122149

This document provides an introduction to computer basics, detailing the essential parts of a computer such as the monitor, CPU, keyboard, mouse, and speakers, along with their functions. It emphasizes the importance of understanding these components for effective computer use and includes activities and evaluation questions to reinforce learning. Additional components like storage devices and power supply units are also discussed.

Uploaded by

rapisjennifer
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER BASICS

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

PARTS OF A COMPUTER
OBJECTIVES
By the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
 Identify and describe the essential parts of a computer and their functions.
 Explain the importance of each computer component in the overall functionality
of a computer system.

Computers are powerful machines that help us perform various tasks like typing
documents, browsing the internet, and even playing games. A computer is made up of
several essential parts, each with a specific function. Understanding these parts is
crucial for using a computer effectively. Computers can be categorized into desktops,
laptops, tablets, and more, but all share common components that allow them to
function.

MAIN PARTS OF A COMPUTER

1. Monitor

 The monitor is the screen of the computer where we see texts, images, and
videos.
 It displays the output from the computer’s processing, acting as the main visual
interface.
 Modern monitors come in different sizes and can be flat-screen (LCD, LED,
OLED) or older bulky types (CRT).
 Higher resolution monitors provide sharper images, while refresh rates affect
how smooth motion appears on the screen.
 Touchscreen monitors allow users to interact with the display directly, common
in tablets and some laptops.

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 The CPU, often called the brain of the computer, processes all instructions,
calculations, and operations.
 It is housed in a case and consists of several important components:
o Processor (Microprocessor) Executes instructions and performs
calculations.
o Motherboard The main circuit board that connects all computer
components.
o RAM (Random Access Memory) Temporary storage that helps run
applications smoothly.
o Storage Drives Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid-State Drives (SSD)
store data and software.
 The speed of a CPU is measured in GHz (gigahertz), and modern CPUs have
multiple cores for better performance.
3. Keyboard

 The keyboard is used for typing and inputting data into the computer.
 It consists of different keys, including:
o Alphanumeric keys Letters and numbers for typing.
o Function keys (F1-F12) Perform specific tasks depending on the
program.
o Special keys Enter, Spacebar, Shift, Backspace, and Control (Ctrl) for
various operations.
o Navigation keys Arrow keys, Home, End, Page Up, and Page Down for
moving within documents.
 Keyboards can be wired (USB connection) or wireless (Bluetooth or RF
connection).
 Ergonomic keyboards help reduce strain on hands and wrists.

4. Mouse

 The mouse is a pointing device that helps navigate the computer screen.
 It is used to select, open, and move files or programs, making it an essential
tool for graphical user interfaces (GUIs).
 Different types of mice include:
o Optical mouse Uses light sensors to detect movement.
o Mechanical mouse Uses a rolling ball to track movement (older models).
o Wireless mouse Uses Bluetooth or a USB receiver for connection.
o Touchpad Found on laptops, allowing users to move the cursor with their
fingers.
 The mouse has buttons for left-clicking, right-clicking, and scrolling.

5. Speakers

 Speakers produce sound from the computer, enabling audio output.


 They allow users to listen to music, watch videos with audio, or hear system
notifications.
 Speakers can be built into the monitor or external devices connected via USB or
audio jack.
 High-quality speakers enhance entertainment, gaming, and video conferencing
experiences.

6. Printer (Optional Component)

 A printer is used to create a hard copy of digital documents, images, or web


pages.
 Different types of printers include:
o Inkjet printers Use liquid ink for detailed printing.
o Laser printers Use toner powder for high-speed and high-quality
printing.
o Dot matrix printers Use impact printing and are used in special
applications.
 Printers may also include scanning, copying, and faxing features in multi-
function devices.
7. Storage Devices

 Storage devices store data and files permanently or temporarily.


 Examples include:
o Hard Disk Drives (HDD) Traditional storage with spinning disks, offering
large capacity.
o Solid-State Drives (SSD) Faster storage with no moving parts,
enhancing speed and reliability.
o USB Flash Drives Portable storage used for transferring files.
o Memory Cards (SD cards) Small storage devices used in cameras,
smartphones, and tablets.
o External Hard Drives Used for backups and additional storage.

8. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

 The PSU converts electricity from a wall outlet into a usable form for the
computer.
 It provides power to all components inside the CPU.
 Different wattage ratings are available depending on the power needs of the
system.
 Proper power supply ensures stable and reliable computer operation.

Additional Components

 Network Adapter (Wi-Fi or Ethernet) Enables internet connectivity.


 Webcam Used for video calls and online meetings.
 Microphone Captures audio input for communication and recordings.
 Graphics Card (GPU) Enhances visual performance, essential for gaming and
graphic design.

GUIDE QUESTIONS

1. What is the function of the CPU, and why is it important?


2. How does the monitor help a user, and what are its types?
3. What is the difference between a wired and wireless keyboard?
4. Why are speakers important in a computer, and what factors affect sound
quality?
5. Name two types of storage devices and their advantages.
6. What role does the PSU play in a computer?
7. Why is a graphics card necessary for gaming and video editing?
ACTIVITY 1: Label the following computer parts based on the descriptions provided.
1. The part of the computer that displays images and videos: __________
2. The main processing unit of a computer, often called its "brain": __________
3. The device used for typing and inputting text: __________
4. The small device that helps move the cursor on the screen: __________
5. A device that produces sound output from the computer: __________

ACTIVITY 2: Group the Computer Parts


Below are different computer components. Write them in the correct category.

CPU Keyboard Monitor Mouse Speaker Printer


Hard Drive USB Flash Drive Scanner( Headphones Touchpad
Microphone

Input Devices Output Devices Storage Devices

ACTIVITY 3: MATCHING TYPE Match the computer part to its function.


Parts of a Computer Function
A. Stores long-term data and
1. Monitor
programs
2. Keyboard B. Moves the cursor and selects items
3. Hard Drive C. Displays images and videos
D. Converts electricity for the
4. Mouse
computer
5. Power Supply Unit (PSU) E. Used for typing and commands
EVALUATION: Read each question carefully. Encircle the best answer.

1. Which component is known as the "brain" of the computer?


A. Monitor C. Power Supply Unit
B. Central Processing Unit (CPU) D. Keyboard
2. If your computer screen is blank, which hardware component might be the issue?
A. Printer B. Monitor C. Keyboard D. Speaker
3. Which of these is used to navigate and select items on a computer screen?
A. Printer B. Mouse C. Speaker D. Power Supply Unit
4. Lisa is using her laptop, but she finds it difficult to move the cursor on the screen.
Which part of her laptop is she most likely having trouble with?
A. Monitor B. Keyboard C. Touchpad D. Speaker
5. Sophia's computer suddenly shuts down while she is working. Which component is
most likely causing the issue?
A. Monitor C. Power Supply Unit (PSU)
B. Keyboard D. Printer

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