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Types of Stiffness Formulas

The document outlines various types of stiffness, including axial, flexural, torsional, shear, rotational, and lateral stiffness, each defined by its resistance to specific types of deformation and accompanied by relevant formulas. It also discusses overall stiffness in structural systems, detailing how stiffness contributions from different components are combined. These concepts are applicable in multiple engineering fields to assess deformation and load-bearing capacities.

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Md. Rafiqul Islam
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32 views

Types of Stiffness Formulas

The document outlines various types of stiffness, including axial, flexural, torsional, shear, rotational, and lateral stiffness, each defined by its resistance to specific types of deformation and accompanied by relevant formulas. It also discusses overall stiffness in structural systems, detailing how stiffness contributions from different components are combined. These concepts are applicable in multiple engineering fields to assess deformation and load-bearing capacities.

Uploaded by

Md. Rafiqul Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of Stiffness Formulas

types of stiffness with formulas

Stiffness is a property that measures an object's resistance to deformation under an applied force. It can
be categorized into several types based on the nature of deformation and the context in which stiffness
is analyzed. Here are the main types of stiffness, along with their formulas:

1. Axial Stiffness

Definition: Resistance of a structure to deformation along its length when subjected to axial
(tensile or compressive) forces.
Formula:

AE
ka =
​ ​

L
ka : Axial stiffness (N/m)
​

A: Cross-sectional area (m²)


E : Young's modulus (Pa)
L: Length of the member (m)

2. Flexural Stiffness

Definition: Resistance of a structure to bending under a moment or transverse force.


Formula:

kf = EI
​

kf : Flexural stiffness (N·m²)


​

E : Young's modulus (Pa)


I : Second moment of area (m⁴)

3. Torsional Stiffness

Definition: Resistance of a structure to twisting under an applied torque.


Formula:

GJ
kt =
​ ​

L
kt : Torsional stiffness (N·m/rad)
​

G: Shear modulus (Pa)


J : Polar moment of inertia (m⁴)
L: Length of the member (m)

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4. Shear Stiffness

Definition: Resistance of a material to shear deformation when subjected to shear forces.


Formula:

GA
ks = ​ ​

L
ks : Shear stiffness (N/m)
​

G: Shear modulus (Pa)


A: Shear area (m²)
L: Length of the member (m)

5. Rotational Stiffness

Definition: Resistance of a joint or connection to rotation under an applied moment.


Formula:

M
kr = ​ ​

θ
kr : Rotational stiffness (N·m/rad)
​

M : Moment (N·m)
θ: Rotation (rad)

6. Lateral Stiffness

Definition: Resistance of a structure to lateral displacement when subjected to lateral forces.


Formula (for a cantilever beam):

3EI
kl =
L3
​ ​

kl : Lateral stiffness (N/m)


​

E : Young's modulus (Pa)


I : Second moment of area (m⁴)
L: Length of the cantilever (m)

7. Overall Stiffness in Structural Systems

Definition: Combination of stiffness contributions from various components or elements in a


structure.
Formula (for a spring system in series):

1 1
​ =∑ ​

ktotal ​ ki ​

ktotal : Total stiffness (N/m)


​

ki : Stiffness of each component (N/m)


​

Formula (for a spring system in parallel):


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ktotal = ∑ ki
​ ​

These types of stiffness are applied in various engineering domains such as mechanical, civil, aerospace,
and material sciences to analyze the deformation and load-bearing capacity of systems.

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