Exam for Tutorial Class of BSc in Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering

Questions
1. _______ is the form of soil water that can be used by plants.
A. Hygroscopic water.
B. Capillary water.
C. Gravitational water
D. All
2. _________is the quantity of water required by the crop excluding water source from rain
fall, ground water recharge, and other sources.
A. Irrigation requirement.
B. Crop water requirement.
C. Leaching requirement.
D. All.
3. The ratio of depth of water stored in the plant’s root zone to the depth of water delivered
to the irrigated plot represents___________?
A. Water conveyance efficiency.
B. Water use efficiency.
C. Water application efficiency.
D. Water distribution efficiency.
4. Which one of the following study is the scope of irrigation engineering?
A. Study of maximum and minimum stream flow
B. Construction of various irrigation structures
C. Management of agricultural works
D. All
5. _______ is generally harmful and not used for almost all crop production.
A) Salt concentration greater than 2000 PPM.
B) SAR less than 26.
C) Concentration of Boron less than to 0.3PPM
D) All
6. Which one of the following is not used in Blaney - Criddle method?
A. Monthly crop coefficient and consumptive use factor
B. Mean monthly temperature
C. Monthly day light hours of bright sunshine
D. None
7. What is the SAR classification of irrigation water having concentration of Na, Ca, and
Mg are 22, 3, and 1.5 milli-equivalents per liter respectively?
A) Low sodium water (S1)
B) Medium sodium water (S2)
C) High sodium water (S3)
D) Very High sodium water (S4)
8. _________is the total quantity of water required by the crop gained from any source
through-out the growing season.
A. Irrigation requirement.
B. Leaching requirement.
C. Crop water requirement.
D. All.
9. ________ is not the factor affecting crop water requirement.
A. Maximum and minimum temperature
B. Crop root depth.
C. Soil salinity.
D. None
10. Water is discharged and runs down small slopping channel is termed as_______.
A. Basin.
B. Furrow.
C. Border
D. Drip
11. The maximum non-erosive stream size for the 0.1% furrow slope is __________.
A. 0.5 l/s
B. 0.3 l/s.
C. 0.4 l/s
D. 6.0 l/s
12. The time that explains the water stays in touch with the soil at a certain point is termed
as______.
A. Cut-off time
B. Advance time
C. Recession time
D. Opportunity time
12. Which one of the following is not important factor for surface irrigation method?
 A. Natural circumstances (slope, soil type, and crop type),
B. Required depth of application
C. Level of technology, previous experiences, and labor input.
D. None
13. The time that explains the water flow when all of the flow paths have been completed___.
A. Cut-off time
B. Advance phase
C. Recession phase
D. Opportunity phase
14. Which one of the following is not a system variable of Surface irrigation design?
A. Flow rate,
B. Field dimensions
C. Cut-off time.
D. Flow resistance
15. The more common the field water application efficiency of furrow irrigation is:
A. 50-70%
B. 55-85%
C. 80-90%
D. 60-70%
16. One m3/s of water is pumped into a farm distribution system. 0.8 m3/s is delivered to a
turn-out. Choose the correct conveyance efficiency.
A. 65%
B. 70%
C. 75%
D. 80%
17. 10 m3/s of water is delivered into 32ha farm for 4 hours. Soil moisture testing after the
irrigation event shoes that 0.3 meter of water has been stored in the plant’s root zone.
Identify the exact water application efficiency.
A. 56.55%
B. 63.65%
C. 74.47%
D. 66.67%
18. Which irrigation management levels in irrigation networks is appropriate to facilities for
water distribution at off-takes accomplished by a group of farmers or water users?
 A. Off-farm management level
B. Field management level
C. Main management level
D. None
19. Which of the following is not part of irrigation networks
A. Diversion headwork
B. Conveyance system,
C. Distribution system and structures.
D. All.
20. Water conveyance and distribution systems which uses pump from the source and
gravitational force at distribution place can be termed as___________.
A. Gravity system.
B. Pressurized system.
C. Combined Gravity-Pressurized System
D. All
21. Flow in an open channel can be measure using___________.
A. Broad and Sharp crested weir
B. Baffle distributor
C. RBC and Partial flume
D. All
22. The ratio of depth of water stored in the plant’s root zone to the net depth of water
required to the irrigated plot represents___________?
A. Water storage efficiency.
B. Deep percolation loss.
C. Water application efficiency.
D. Water distribution efficiency.
23. Which one of the following is not used in Blaney-Criddle method?
A. Monthly crop coefficient and consumptive use factor
B. Mean monthly temperature
C. Monthly day light hours of bright sunshine
D. None
24. The time required for the water to withdraw from all points in the irrigation channel,
starting from the end of the depletion phase is termed as______.
A. Advance phase
 B. Ponding (wetting storage or continuing) phase
C. Depletion (vertical recession) phase
D. Recession (horizontal recession) phase
25. _____is the ratio of the minimum infiltrated amount expressed as percentage of the
average infiltrated amount over the subject area.
A. Storage Efficiency
B. Conveyance efficiency
C. Distribution uniformity coefficient
D. None
26. Reference Evapotranspiration can be measure directly from field measurements by_____.
A. Lysimeter (Tank) method
B. Penman-Montieth method,
C. Hargeaves method,
D. Pan Evaporation Method
27. What are the features that distinguish a surface irrigation system from the pressurized
irrigation system?
A. The flow has a free surface responding to the gravitational gradient
B. The means of conveyance and distribution of water is the field surface itself
C. The use of electric power to distribute water on cropped land
D. A and B
28. Which of the following choice is contrasting to basin irrigation?
A. The entire field is divided in to a number of square and leveled plots
B. The plots surrounded by dykes/levees/bunds to prevent runoff
C. Soils of moderate to low intake rate (50 mm/hr or less)
D. None
29. Identify the different hydraulic design of basin irrigation method.
A. Advance time is determined by multiplying the net infiltration time and distribution
pattern efficiency.
B. The ridge height should be equal to 1.25 x maximum depth
C. The time to cut-off is the time required to put the gross depth of irrigation
D. The ridge should have a maximum side slope ratio of 2.5:1 (H:V)
30. Border strip irrigation involves ____________.
A. The farm is divided into a number of strips
B. The size of the field may range 3m to30m wide and 100m to 800m long.
 C. They are usually long uniformly graded strips of land separated by small earth bunds
D. All
31. Which one of the following unlikely defines Straight Borders Irrigation?
A. It is suited to larger mechanized farms
B. The border strips are laid along the elevation contours of the topography
C. The border strips are laid along the direction of the slope of the field
D. A and C
32. Which one of the following acceptably defines Contours Borders Irrigation?
A. They are laid along the elevation contours of the topography when the land slope is
excessive
B. Suited to small scale farms involving hand labor powered cultivation methods.
C. Suited to large scale farms involving mechanized cultivation methods.
D. A and B
33. Identify the incorrect hydraulic design statement of border irrigation system.
A. The cut-off time is the time difference between the net time of infiltration and the
recession lag time.
B. The maximum depth of flow is determined from the border ridge height.
C. The cut-off time is the time difference between the net infiltration time and the
depletion time.
D. The maximum, non–erosive stream size is dependent on slope of the border
34. Hydraulic design of furrow irrigation system considers___________.
A. The application and storage efficiency need to be 70% and 85 to 90 % respectively.
B. A deep percolation and runoff loss is allowed to 10 and 20 percent respectively.
C. An optimum furrow length is the length of furrow that has reached by a waterfront in
the one fourth of contact time
D. All
35. ___________is the distances of the channel in which irrigation water runs.
A. Furrow length
B. Furrow width
C. Furrow depth
D. Field size
36. The Infiltration Opportunity Time, To, for Furrow irrigation is given by_________
A. Advance time - Cut-off time - Recession time
B. Recession time - Advance time - Cut-off time
 C. Cut-off time - Advance time - Recession time
D. Cut-off time + Advance time - Recession time
37. Choose the factor that determine the gross depth of water application in Furrow irrigation
A. Inflow rate
B. Furrow Width and Length
C. Cut-off time
D. All
38. In an area where limited water resources and undulated land topography exists,
_________ is advised to efficiently use the resource and increase productivity.
A. Furrow irrigation system
B. Basin irrigation system
C. Sprinkler irrigation system
D. Drip irrigation system
39. Plenty and good quality of water resource existed close to the gently slope agricultural
field. Relatively sufficient human power is available in the rural area. Which irrigation
method is preferred to cultivate row crops?
A. Surface irrigation method
B. Pressurized irrigation method
C. Drip irrigation system
D. Furrow irrigation system
40. ____________a method of applying irrigation water which creates an artificial rain over
the crop’s head.
A. Drip Irrigation
B. Sprinkler Irrigation
C. Flood Irrigation
D. Basin Irrigation
41. A typical sprinkler irrigation system differs from drip irrigation system is by_______
A. Pressure generating units (Pump unit)
B. Water carrier units (Mainlines, sub mainlines/manifolds, Laterals)
C. Water delivery units (riser pipes and Sprayers)
D. Quality improvement and Ancillary sub units
42. Which one of the following does not included under the fundamental principle of
sprinkler lateral line design?
A. Difference in nozzle discharge along lateral is less than (+ / -) 10%.
 B. Difference in nozzle discharge and operating pressure along lateral is less than 20%.
C. Operating pressure variation along the lateral is less than 20%.
D. None
43. Which one of the following is not true about main and sub-main line of sprinkler
irrigation system?
A. The required pressure should account elevation changes along the lateral unlike to
height of connecting riser.
B. Friction head loss for small system is less than 3m
C. The maximum friction head loss for large system is less than 12 m.
D. Elevation differences along the lateral and riser height have to be considered.
44. Drip Irrigation System does not differs from sprinkler irrigation system through_______
A. application of small amounts of water for long period of time.
B. frequent dripping of water close to crop root zone.
C. use of filter, fertilizer and chemical applicator
D. less labor demand for weeding and system operation
45. The area wetted by an drip emitter does not depends on____________
A. The soil moisture and flow rate,
B. The soil type
C. Vertical and horizontal permeability of the soil.
D. None
46. Which orifice dripper character is distinct from the Long straight flow path drippers?
A. The discharge rate and pressure head has no linear relation ship
B. Relatively cheap but emitters can be clogged easily.
C. The dripper discharge rate has a linear function with the pressure head at the inlet of
the tube
D. A and B
47. What is the advantage of drip irrigation system over sprinkler irrigation system?
A. Higher portion (90%) applied water stored in crop root zone
B. Suitable for area prone to wind and evaporation risks of water loss
C. Utilization of saline water resources.
D. All
48. Which one of the following pair is the most economical design of drip irrigation system?
A. One drip lateral for one rows of plant
B. Two drip lateral for one rows of plant
 C. Two rows of plant for one centered drip lateral
D. Two rows of plant for two drip lateral
49. Which feature of pressurized irrigation is unique against surface irrigation method?
A. Significant Reduction of water loss
B. Need of higher initial investment cost and skilled human power
C. Lesser risk of salinity and environmental pollution
D. All
50. What will be the daily reference evapotranspiration for of a crop which has 6.05 mm/day
water requirement and 1.1 crop coefficient?
A. 5.50mm/day
B. 6.66 mm/day
C. 5.80 mm/day
D. 0.18mm/day
51. An irrigated soil has 1.2g/cc bulk density. The planted crop has 0.55 depletion level and
1.2m root depth. Determine the Net Depth of water application for a soil whose field
capacity and permanent wilting point is 25% and 0.18 respectively.
A. 55.44mm
B. 0.05544m
C. 55.44m
D. 66.52mm
52. What will be the adjusted irrigation interval for a crop with 6.0mm daily consumptive
water use and 66.5mm of Net depth of water application?
A. 11days
B. 10 days
C. 9 days
D. 8 days
53. Estimate the Gross water requirement of a surface irrigation method (assume maximum
application efficiency) for a 65.5mm Net depth of water application.
A. 119.09mm
B. 109.17mm
C. 93.57mm
D. 81.88mm
54. The furrow has 275m length and 0.75m width. The inflow rate is 0.60 l/s with 1143min
cut-off time. Design the gross application depth of a furrow irrigation system.
 A. 3.32mm
B. 199.5mm
C. 150mm
D. 250mm
55. Find the Surface runoff depth if the gross application depth and average infiltration depth
along the furrow is 300mm and 80mm respectively.
A. 120mm
B. 70mm
C. 185.5mm
D. 220mm
56. A hand- move sprinkler system has a lateral running down slope form a mainline along a
constant grade of 0.005m/m. The design operating pressure of the nozzle is 31.61m. The
length of the lateral is 400m. What is the maximum allowable head loss due to friction as
m/m.
A. 2.0m/m
B. 8.32m/m
C. 0.021m/m
D. 6.32m/m
57. The sprinkler system has 400m lateral distance equipped with 12m sprinkler spacing from
the
mainline. Determine flow rate in l/s, in the lateral where the design nozzle discharge
0.315 l/s.
A. 10.4 l/s
B. 33.5 l/s
C. 8.6 l/s
D. 24.3 l/s
58. What is the duration of sprinkler application to irrigate 142.5mm gross irrigation
requirements via 11.8mm/hr sprinkler application rate?
A. 15.05 hr
B. 10.05hr
C. 8.07hr
D. 12.07hr
59. One hectare of land is required for cultivation using drip irrigation system. The spacing of
lateral and dripper is 1.2m and 0.6m respectively. Estimate the total number of dripper for
the area.
A. 833
B. 13889
C. 16667
D. 1389
60. The daily volume of water required for drip irrigation system is 0.6liter. Simultaneously a
single dripper irrigates 4 plants at a discharge rate of 2.0 l/hr. Estimate the Irrigation
Time.
A. 2.68 hr
B. 1.34 hr
C. 3.68 hr
D. 2.34 hr
61. The LLDPE made 83 drip lateral has is 9.8mm inside diameter and discharge of 0.046l/s
independently. The constants for K, C, and F, are given as 1.22˟1010, 140, and 0.36
respectively. Calculate the maximum head loss in the laterals, in m, due to friction using
Hazen William Equation.
A. 0.14m
B. 0.64m
C. 1.14m
D. 1.84m
62. The drip system demands 3.87l/s discharge rate with 32.33m total head for the pump.
Assuming the pump and motor efficiency to be 75% and 80% respectively, what will be
the horse power including 10% unexpected losses?
A. 2.78 H.P.
B. 3.05 H.P.
C. 1.78 H.P.
D. 2.05 H.P.
 Answer for
‘Exam for Tutorial Class of BSc in Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering
Question’
Question Question Question
Answer Question No. Answer Answer Answer
No. No. No.
1 C 21 D 41 C 61 C
2 A 22 A 42 B 62 B
3 A 23 D 43 A
4 D 24 D 44 C
5 a 25 B 45 D
6 d 26 A 46 D
7 B 27 D 47 D
8 C 28 D 48 C
9 D 29 C 49 D
10 B 30 D 50 A
11 D 31 B 51 A
12 D 32 D 52 B
13 B 33 C 53 C
14 B 34 D 54 B
15 A 35 A 55 D
16 D 36 C 56 C
17 D 37 D 57 A
18 A 38 C 58 D
19 D 39 D 59 B
20 C 40 B 60 B