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Practical----PM_2

The document outlines the procedures for conducting a post-mortem examination (necropsy) on various organs, including the tongue, trachea, lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract, liver, spleen, and reproductive organs. It details specific techniques for examining each organ, such as making incisions and looking for abnormalities like hemorrhages and erosions. The document emphasizes the importance of thorough examination to identify any pathological conditions.

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muhammadtalhasattar97
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3 views

Practical----PM_2

The document outlines the procedures for conducting a post-mortem examination (necropsy) on various organs, including the tongue, trachea, lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract, liver, spleen, and reproductive organs. It details specific techniques for examining each organ, such as making incisions and looking for abnormalities like hemorrhages and erosions. The document emphasizes the importance of thorough examination to identify any pathological conditions.

Uploaded by

muhammadtalhasattar97
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POST-MORTEM EXAMINATION-

Part 2
(NECROPSY)

Dr. Muhammad Imran


Assistant Professor
Department of Pathology,
UAF
 Now check the organs one by one
 Tongue: Make a series of transvers cut to check the vesicles and
erosions
Trachea: Start form arytnoid cartilage and extend the lesion toward
the lungs
 Look for froth, feed material, hemorrhages, erosions, and other tracheal
problems
Congested and hemorrhagic
trachea filled with mucus and
froth.
Lungs: Extend the incision towards the bifurcation and looking for
any abnormalities
 Make a series of transvers incisions in the lungs
Esophagus: Open the esophagus along its length from proximal to
distal
 Check the mucous surface and other abnormalities
• It is important to examine all chambers of the heart. This
can be confusing.
• The best way is to open the left ventricle first. You can use
a knife to make a vertical cut from apex to base over the
left ventricle, then use scissors or a knife to extend the cut
up through the left atrium and into the aorta. This will
allow you to see both left chambers
To open the right side of the heart, make a C-shaped cut,
following the outline of the right ventricle. Extend the cut so
that all of the right ventricle and right atrium are open and
exposed. Now you can see the inside of both right-sided
chambers
Examine the Heart

 Remove the heart form lungs at the level of large blood vessels
Observe any abnormalities i.e. dilatation, hypertrophy, or any other
abnormalities
 There are several methods to open the heart
• Divide the heart into thirds sections
 Make a transverse cut through the right and left ventricle
 This will create the slice of right and left ventricle
 Then evacuate the right and left ventricle free wall thickness
Removing the Gastrointestinal Tract
 To remove the gastrointestinal tract
• Located dorsal body wall attachment
• Begin to blindly cut to dorsal attachment
• Pull a side for later examination
Removing the entire gastrointestinal tract
Examining the Liver
First: Open the gall bladder and continue the incision
upto the bile duct
• Look for stones, inflammation, parasites etc.
Make a transverse cut along all the liver surface
Second: Make a series of transvers cuts on liver and examine any
abnormalities
Examining the Spleen
 Look grossly for any inflammation, abcess, infaction or other
abnormalities
 Make a series of transverse cut and examine any abnormalities
Liver fluke in sheep liver
Examining the Gastrointestinal Tract
 Rumen:
• Open the rumen and remove the contents to examine the mucosal surface
• Mucosa made up of small papilla
• Examine the papilla
 Reticulum:
• Open the reticulum
• Remove contents for examine the mucosa
 Omasum:
• Open it, remove contents
• Examine
 Abomasum:
• Open it and empty the contents
• This is the common site of disease
• Asses the carefully for erosions, ulceration, hemorrhages, and neoplasia
Examining the Intestines
 First: Examine the outer surface of intestine for any type of lesions
 Mucosal surface of the intestine should also be examined
 Using the separate the section of intestine from the messentry
 Then insert the knife into the lumen of intestine
 Make a cut along its length to expose the mucosal surface
 Note: scissor can also be used
Examining The Female Reproductive Tract
Examining The Female Reproductive Tract
• Ovaries:
• Make a longitudinal cut through the ovaries and examine

Cross section of Ovary


 Uterus
• Both horns of the uterus should be opened
along their length
Examining The Mammary Glands

 Dissect all four quarters of mammary gland


Assess each quarter for abnormality, color, odor and palpate the gland
for consistency

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