ONLINE GUIDANCE

BADLAPUR (W)

MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE

Class 12 - Biology
Time Allowed: 1 hour and 15 minutes Maximum Marks: 75

1. The first genetic material could be: [1]

a) Protein b) DNA

c) RNA d) Carbohydrates
2. In DNA when AGCT occurs, their association is as per which of the following pair? [1]

a) All of these b) AC-GT

c) AG-CT d) AT-GC
3. Match the column and choose the correct option: [1]

Column I Column II

a. Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty i. Transformation

b. S. F. Griffith ii. DNA is a genetic material that is passed from virus to bacteria

c. Watson iii. DNA is a genetic material

d. Hershey and Chase iv. Semi-conservative model of replication of DNA

a) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (iv)-(ii) b) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)

c) (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i) d) (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)

4. DNA probes used in fingerprinting are: [1]

a) Highly sensitive electron microscope b) UV beams

c) X-ray scanners d) DNA segments having radioactive isotopes

5. Which of the following is required as an inducer (s) for the expression of Lac operon? [1]

a) Lactose and galactose b) Glucose

c) Galactose d) Lactose
6. A nucleoside differs from a nucleotide. It lacks the: [1]

a) hydroxyl group b) base

c) sugar d) phosphate group

7. Exon segments are reunited after splicing by: [1]

a) RNA ligase b) RNA primase

c) RNA polymerase d) RNA protease

8. Which is not the cartoon character that shares its name with that of a gene ? [1]

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 a) Obelix b) Popeye

c) Asterix d) Tintin
9. A unit composed of a sugar and base linked with β-glycosidic bond is known as: [1]

a) Purine b) Glycoside

c) Nucleoside d) Nucleotide
10. In a DNA strand the nucleotides are linked together by: [1]

a) Hydrogen bonds b) Phosphodiester bonds

c) Glycosidic bonds d) Peptide bonds

11. In DNA, base pairing occurs as: [1]

a) Adenine with cytosine and guanine with b) Adenine with thymine and cytosine with
thymine guanine

c) Thymine with adenine and cytosine with d) Thymine with cytosine and guanine with
cytosine adenine
12. The sequence of structural gene in lac operon concept is: [1]

a) lac Z, lac Y, lac A b) lac Y, lac Z, lac A

c) lac A, lac Z, lac Y d) lac A, lac Y, lac Z

13. One of the following is not directly involved in translation: [1]

a) mRNA b) DNA

c) Amino acids d) tRNA

14. Which of the following character is not applicable to tRNA? [1]
i. It is the smallest of the RNAs
ii. It acts as an adaptor for amino acid
iii. It has a clover leaf-like structure
iv. It is the largest of the RNAs

a) Only ii b) only iv

c) Only iii d) Only i

15. DNA fingerprinting or genetic finger printing is the process of: [1]

a) Matching the fingerprint of different b) Analyzing VNTR samples of DNA obtained

persons. from body fluid or cells.

c) Finding similarities of finger shapes of d) Comparing the DNA of two individuals.

different individuals.
16. Most accepted model for DNA replication is: [1]

a) Conservative b) Variable

c) Dispersive d) Semi-conservative
17. Satellite DNA is important because it: [1]
i. Codes for enzymes needed for DNA replication

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 ii. Codes for proteins needed in cell cycle
iii. Shows high degree of polymorphism in population and also the same degree of polymorphism in an
individual, which is heritable from parents to children
iv. Does not code for proteins and is same in all members of the population

a) Only i b) Only ii

c) Only iv d) only iii

18. Name the enzyme that facilitates opening of DNA helix during transcription. [1]

a) DNA polymerase b) DNA ligase

c) RNA polymerase d) DNA helicase

19. Which of the following statement is not correct? [1]

a) C is always combined with G b) A + T/C + G ratio is same for different

species

c) A is always combined with T d) A + T/C + G ratio varies from species to

species
20. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? [1]

a) Triplet and Codon b) Okazaki fragments and Splicing

c) Central dogma and Codon d) RNA polymerase and RNA primer

21. The process by which mRNA is made by DNA and protein by m RNA are respectively called: [1]

a) Replication of mRNA and protein b) Synthesis of m RNA and protein

c) Transcription and Translation d) Translation and Transcription

22. The attachment of PO4 group to pentose sugar generally occurs of: [1]

a) All of these b) 2
′
and 5 carbon
′

c) 3 and 5 carbon
′ ′
d) 2
′
and 3 carbon
′

23. A single gene is composed of: [1]

a) Several triple codons b) One chromosome

c) Part of a strand of DNA double helix d) One triple codon

24. Which of the following statement is correct? [1]
Statement I: DNA fingerprinting is a highly reliable method of identification of individuals involved in crimes.
Statement II: DNA a fingerprinting is a sure method in solving paternity and maternity disputes.
Statement III: DNA fingerprinting can be used to cure HIV infection.

a) All statements are correct b) Statement I and II is correct

c) Statement I and III is correct d) Statement II and III is correct

25. Genetic information are carried in form of long chain of molecules made up of: [1]

a) Polypeptides b) RNA

c) Amino acids d) Nucleotides

26. The promoter site and the terminator site for transcription are located at: [1]

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 a) 3' (downstream) end and 5' (upstream) end, b) 5' (upstream) end and 3' (downstream) end,
respectively of the transcription unit respectively of the transcription unit

c) the 5' (upstream) end d) the 3' (downstream) end

27. Initiating codon in protein synthesis in eukaryotes is: [1]

a) All of these b) CCA

c) GUG d) GCA
28. The A + T/G + C ratio in E. coli is around: [1]

a) 0.97 b) 1.97

c) 0.52 d) 1.52
29. The diagram represents the central dogma of molecular biology, choose the correct combination of labelling: [1]

a) (A)-DNA (B)-RNA (C)-Protein (D)- b) (A)-DNA (B)-RNA (C)-Protein (D)-

Transcription (E)-Translation Translation (E)-Transcription

c) (A)-RNA (B)-DNA (C)-Protein (D)- d) (A)-Transcription (B)-Translation (C)-

Transcription (E)-Translation Protein (D)-DNA (E)-RNA
30. If the sequence of nitrogen bases of the coding strand of DNA in a transcription unit is 5' - A T G A A T G - 3', [1]
the sequence of bases in its RNA transcript would be:

a) 5' - C A U U C A U - 3' b) 5' - G U A A G U A - 3'

c) 5' - A U G A A U G - 3' d) 5' - U A C U U A C - 3'

31. Select the correct match: [1]
i. Alec Jeffreys - Streptococcus Pneumoniae
ii. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase - TMV
iii. Mathew Meselson and F. Stahl - Plisum Sativurm
iv. Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod - Lac operon

a) Only i b) Only iii

c) only iv d) Only ii
32. The technique of DNA fingerprinting was initially developed by [1]

a) S. Mond b) Alec Jefferys

c) Robert Sanford d) D.Pollard

33. The genes are responsible for growth and differentiation in an organism through regulation of: [1]

a) Transformation b) Translocation

c) Transduction and Translation d) Translation and Transcription

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34. Which of the following features of genetic code does allow bacteria to produce human insulin by recombinant [1]
DNA technology?

a) Genetic code is redundant b) Genetic code is not ambiguous

c) Genetic code is nearly universal d) Genetic code is specific

35. Of the following statements, which one is true: [1]
i. DNA is single stranded, RNA is double stranded.
ii. There is only one type of RNA, whereas there are many types of DNA.
iii. DNA synthesises RNA, but RNA generally cannot synthesises DNA.
iv. DNA bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil and RNA has adenine, guanine, (cytosine, thymine.

a) only iii b) Only iv

c) Only i d) Only ii
36. Extranuclear genes occurs in [1]

a) Plasmid - and inherited by male b) Mitochondria - and inherited by male

c) Mitochondria - and inherited by female d) Plastids - and not inherited

37. Which of the following should be most abundent in animal cells? [1]

a) m-RNA b) t-RNA

c) mi-RNA d) r-RNA
38. Which of the following statements is not true for cancer cells in relation to mutations? [1]

a) Mutations inhibit the production of b) Mutations destroy telomerase inhibitors.

telomerase.

c) Mutations inactive the cell control. d) Mutations in proto-oncogenes accelerate the

cell cycle.
39. With adenine and cytosine only, how many different codons are possible? [1]

a) Sixteen b) Eight

c) Four d) Six
40. The number of base pairs in one pitch in E-DNA is: [1]

a) 11 b) 6.66

c) 9.33 d) 7.5
41. If there are 999 bases in an RNA that codes for a protein with 333 amino acids and the base at position 901 [1]
deleted such that the length of the RNA becomes 998 bases, how many codons will be altered?

a) 333 b) 11

c) 33 d) 1
42. If the base sequence of a codon in mRNA is 5 -AUG-3 , the sequence of tRNA pairing with it must be:
′ ′
[1]

a) 5 -UAC-3
′ ′
b) 5
′
-AUG-3 ′

c) 5 -CAU-3
′ ′
d) 5
′
-GUA-3 ′

43. Gene regulation governing lactose operon of E.coli that involves the lac I gene product is: [1]

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 i. Feedback inhibition because an excess of galactosidase can switch off transcription
ii. Positive and inducible because it can be induced by lactose
iii. Negative and inducible because repressor protein prevents transcription
iv. Negative and repressible because repressor protein prevents transcription

a) only iii b) i and ii

c) ii and iii d) iv and i

44. Nucleotides are formed of: [1]

a) Purine, pyrimidine bases and phosphates b) Purine, sugar and phosphates only
only

c) Purine, pyrimidine base, sugar and d) Pyrimidine, sugar and phosphates only
phosphates
45. The kind of amino acids used in protein synthesis: [1]

a) Only L-isomers b) Both isomers

c) Only available isomers d) Only d-isomers

46. The human chromosome with the highest and least number of genes in them are respectively: [1]

a) Chromosome 21 and Y b) Chromosome 1 and Y

c) Chromosome X and Y d) Chromosome 1 and X

47. A cistron is: [1]

a) Functional unit of RNA b) Replication unit of gene

c) Structural unit of gene d) Functional unit of gene

48. What is false about tRNA? [1]

a) It has double stranded regions b) It binds with an amino acid at it 3' end

c) It has a codon at one end which recognizes d) It looks like clover leaf in the two
the anticodon on messenger RNA dimensional structure
49. During protein synthesis, AUG functions as the initiator codon in mRNA. What should be the anticodon on the [1]
t-RNA molecule that picks up and brings the amino acid specified by this codon?

a) TAC b) GUA

c) CAU d) UAC
50. During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA site: [1]

a) Enhancer b) Promoter

c) Regulator d) Receptor
51. The final proof for DNA as the genetic material came from the experiments of [1]

a) Avery, Macleod, and McCarty b) Hargobind Khorana

c) Hershey and Chase d) Griffith

52. Precisely, the two helices of DNA are held together by: [1]

a) Both Hydrophobic interaction and H-bond b) Phosphodiester bond

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 c) H-bond only d) Hydrophobic interaction only
53. Taylor conducted the experiment to prove the semiconservative mode of chromosome replication on: [1]

a) E. coli b) Drosophila melanogaster

c) Vicia faba d) Vinca rosea

54. Match the following genes of the Lacoperon with their respective products: [1]

(a) i gene (i) β-galactosidase

(b) z gene (ii) Permease

(c) a gene (iii) Repressor

(d) y gene (iv Transacetylase

Select the correct option.

a) (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv) b) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)

c) (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii) d) (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iv), (d)-(ii)

55. DNA replication in bacteria occurs: [1]

a) Just before transcription b) Within nucleolus

c) Prior to fission d) During s-phase

56. DNA fingerprinting refers to: [1]

a) Techniques used for identification of codon b) Analysis of VNTR of DNA samples

of individuals

c) Techniques used for molecular analysis of d) Analysis of RNA samples for VNTR
different specimens of DNA and RNA
57. In human beings 99.9% of genome sequence are same in all individuals only 0.1% of genome differ that: [1]

a) make every individual similar in phenotypic b) make every individual genetically similar.
appearance.

c) make every individual unique in phenotypic d) make a genetic variation for evolution.
appearance.
58. Okazaki fragments are seen during: [1]

a) Translation b) Transduction

c) Replication d) Transcription
59. The first phase of translation is: [1]

a) Recognition of DNA molecule b) Recognition of an anti-codon

c) Binding of mRNA to ribosome d) Aminoacylation of tRNA

60. Which of the following statements is correct? [1]

a) Adenine pairs with thymine through two H- b) Adenine does not pair with thymine.
bonds.

c) Adenine pairs with thymine through three d) Adenine pairs with thymine through one H-

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 H-bonds. bond.
61. Assertion: An mRNA has both an initiation codon and a termination codon. [1]
Reason: It specifies only a single polypeptide or a number of them.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
62. Assertion: DNA chemically is less reactive and structurally more stable when compared to RNA. [1]
Reason: The presence of Thymine at the place of adenine provides additional stability to DNA.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
63. Assertion: The genetic material should be stable enough not to change with different stages of life cycle, age or [1]
with change in physiology of the organism.
Reason: Two strands of DNA being complementary if separated by heating come together, when appropriate
conditions are provided.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
64. Assertion: The cloning resulted into amplification of each piece of DNA fragment. [1]
Reason: So that it subsequently could be sequenced with ease.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
65. Assertion: DNA has evolved from RNA with chemical modifications for the storage of genetic information. [1]
Reason: RNA being a catalyst was reactive and hence unstable so DNA evolves from it which is more stable
and preferred for the storage of genetic information.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.

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66. Assertion: RNA not generally acts as a genetic material because it is unstable. [1]
Reason: 2 -OH group present at every nucleotide in RNA, is a reactive group and makes RNA labile and easily
′

degradable.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
67. Assertion: RNA also acts as genetic material, in some viruses, mostly functions as a messenger. [1]
Reason: In some viruses, it transfers genetic information from one to another generation.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
68. Assertion: Sequences in DNA fragments in HGP were arranged based on some overlapping regions present in [1]
them.
Reason: Alignment of these sequences was humanly not possible. Therefore, specialized computer-based
programmes were developed.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
69. Assertion: DNA is more stable while RNA is more reactive. [1]
Reason: DNA was first discovered by Watson and Crick (1953).

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
70. Assertion: Central dogma in molecular biology states that the genetic information flows from RNA → DNA [1]
→ Protein.
Reason: In some viruses, the flow of information are in the reverse direction, that is, from DNA to RNA.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.

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71. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [5]
The process of copying genetic information from the template strand of DNA into RNA is called transcription. It
is mediated by RNA polymerase. Transcription takes place in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. In transcription,
only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA.
(i) Monocistronic structural genes are found in which organisms?

a) Viruses b) Prokaryotes

c) Eukaryote d) Bacteria
(ii) Which enzyme helps in tailing or polyadenylation?

a) All of these b) Exonucleases

c) Poly-A polymerase d) RNA polymerase I

(iii) Assertion (A): A single RNA polymerase in prokaryotes synthesis all types of RNAs.
Reason (R): Prokaryotic RNA polymerase has sigma (σ) factor.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
correct explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

(iv) Read the given list of materials.
1. RNA polymerase enzyme
2. DNA template
3. RNA primers
4. Okazaki segments
5. Four types of ribonucleotides triphosphates

6. Divalent metal ions Mg2+ as a cofactor.

Which of the above-given materials are required for transcription?

a) (1), (2), (3), (5) and (6) b) All of these

c) (1), (2), (3) and (4) d) (1), (2), (5) and (6)
(v) What are regions of transcription unit in a DNA molecule?

a) Structural gene b) Promoter

c) All of these d) Terminator

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