GROUP 1

Igot, Kent C.
Remulta, Krisia C.
Ochavillo, Luis Jose
Maloloy-on, Miraflor
Sabigan, Janice
Loreto, Gemmary
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
By the end of this report, readers should be able to:

1. Understand the holistic concept of man and its biological,

psychological, social, spiritual, and environmental dimensions.

2. Differentiate between health and illness and recognize

factors influencing well-being.

3. Identify influences on client’s definition of health, wellness,

and well-being.

4. Differentiate illness from disease and acute illness from

chronic illness.

5. Explain Suchman’s stages of illness.

6. Understand the concept of nursing as a profession, science,

and art, integrating knowledge, skills, and compassion.
CONCEPT OF
MAN, HEALTH,
AND ILLNESS
CONCEPT OF MAN
Refers to a human being,
encompassing physical, mental,
emotional, social, and spiritual
aspects.
In nursing, man is viewed
holistically, considering biological,
psychological, sociocultural, and
environmental dimensions.
Man is a unique individual with the
capacity for self-care and
adaptation to various life situations.
THE CONCEPT OF MAN IN NURSING REFERS
TO A COMPLEX, DYNAMIC, AND HOLISTIC
BEING COMPOSED OF VARIOUS
DIMENSIONS:

Biological Aspect: Includes the

body’s physiological functions,
genetics, and physical attributes
that influence health.
Psychological Aspect:
Encompasses cognitive processes,
emotions, personality, and mental
health status.
Social Aspect: Focuses on human
interactions, cultural influences, and
roles in society that shape an
individual's well-being.
Spiritual Aspect: Involves personal
beliefs, values, morals, and the
search for purpose and meaning in
life.
EnvironmentalAspect: Recognizes
the influence of surroundings,
climate, pollution, and socio-
economic status on health.
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
• A dynamic state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-
being, not just the absence of
disease (WHO definition).

•Health is influenced by genetics,

environment, lifestyle, and
access to healthcare.

• Health exists on a continuum,

from optimal wellness to illness.
DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH:

Biological Factors: Involves

genetics, age, sex, and hereditary
conditions that may predispose
individuals to certain diseases.
Lifestyle Choices: Personal habits
such as diet, physical activity,
smoking, alcohol consumption, and
stress management significantly
impact health.
Social and Economic Factors:
Education level, employment status,
income, and access to social
support systems contribute to
overall well-being.
Environmental Factors: Includes
pollution, climate, sanitation,
housing, and exposure to hazards
that affect health outcomes.
Healthcare Services: Availability,
affordability, and quality of
healthcare services influence an
individual's ability to maintain and
restore health.
 CONCEPT OF ILLNESS
- A state of being unhealthy, where normal
body functions are disturbed.
- Can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-
term).
- Illness is subjective; a person may feel ill
even in the absence of disease.
- It affects not just the individual but also
their family, work, and social interactions.
- It affects an individual's ability to function
normally and can be classified into:
ACUTE ILLNESS
- Sudden onset, short duration, and often
treatable (e.g., flu, pneumonia,
appendicitis).

CHRONIC ILLNESS
- Long-term condition requiring ongoing
medical attention and lifestyle adaptation
(e.g., diabetes, hypertension, arthritis).

TERMINAL ILLNESS
- A progressive, incurable disease leading
to the end of life (e.g., advanced cancer,
end-stage organ failure).
Suchman describe five
stages of illness:

• Stage 1 symptoms experiences

• Stage 2 assumption of the sick

role confirmation from family
and friends.

• Stage 3 medical care contact.

• Stage 4 dependent client role.

• Stage 5 recovery or rehabilitation.

 CONCEPT OF
HEALTH,
WELLNESS AND
WELL-BEING
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
Tradionally health was defined in terms
of the presence or absence of disease.
Florence Nightingale (1860/1969)
defined health as a state of being well
and using every power the individual
possesses to the fullest extent.
The World Health Organization (WHO)
(1948) takes a more holistic view of
health. Its constitution defines health as a
state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being, and not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity.
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
Health has also been defined in
terms of role and performance.

Talcott Parson (1951) an

eminent American sociologist
and creator of the concept in
“sick role,” conceptualized
health as the ability to maintain
normal roles.
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
U.S. President’s Commission on Health
Needs of the Nation states about health:
Health is not a condition; it is an
adjustment. It is not a state but a
process. The process adapts the
individual not only to our phsyical but
also to our social environments.
The American Nurses Association
(2010) states “Health and Illness are
human experienceces. The presenceof
illness does not preclude health, nor
does optimal health preclude illness”
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
Many people define and describe
health as the following:
Being free from symptoms of
disease and pain as much as
possible
Being able to be active and to
do what they want or must
Being in good spirits most of
the time
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
KEY CONCEPTS OF HEALTH:
PHYSICAL HEALTH
The well-being of the body and its proper
functioning.
Influenced by nutrition, exercise, sleep, and
medical care.

MENTAL HEALTH
The ability to think clearly, manage emotions,
and handle stress.
Includes emotional resilience, self-awareness,
and coping skills
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
KEY CONCEPTS OF HEALTH:
SOCIAL HEALTH
The ability to build and maintain positive
relationships.
Includes communication skills, support
systems, and social interactions

SPIRITUAL HEALTH
A sense of purpose, values, and inner peace.
Does not necessarily mean religion—it can be
about personal growth, ethics, and meaning in
life.
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
KEY CONCEPTS OF HEALTH:
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Living in a safe, clean, and supportive
environment.
Includes access to clean water, pollution
control, and safe living conditions.
CONCEPT OF HEALTH
TYPES OF HEALTH APPROCHES
Preventive Health → Focuses on preventing
diseases (e.g., vaccinations, healthy lifestyle
choices).
Curative Health → Focuses on treating
diseases once they occur (e.g., medications,
surgeries).

Holistic Health → Looks at the person as a

whole (body, mind, and spirit) rather than just
treating symptoms.
 CONCEPT OF
WELLNESS
The concept of wellness refers to an
active process of making choices and
taking actions that lead to a state of
overall well-being. It goes beyond the
absence of disease and emphasizes a
holistic approach to health, considering
physical, emotional, mental, social,
spiritual, and environmental dimensions.
Wellness is viewed as a dynamic and
continuous journey rather than a fixed
state.
Anspaugh, Hamrick, and Rosato (2011)
propose seven components of Wellness:

ENVIRONMENTAL
The ability to promote health measures
that improve the standard of living and
quality of life in the community.

SOCIAL
The ability to interact successfully with
people and within the environment of
which each person is a part, to develop
and maintain intimacy with significant
others, and to develop respect and
tolerance for those with different opinions
and belief.
 EMOTIONAL
The ability to manage stress and express
emotions appropriately. Emotional
wellness involves the ability to recignize,
accept, and express feelings and to
accepts one’s limitations

PHYSICAL
The ability to carry out daily task, achieve
fitness, maintain adequate nutrition and
proper body fat.

SPIRITUAL
The belief in some force that serves to
unite human beings and provide meaning
and purpose of life.
 INTELLECTUAL
The ability to learn and use information
effectively for personal, family, and career
development.

Intellectual wellness involves striving for

continued growth and learning to deal
with new challenges effectively.

OCCUPATIONAL
The ability to achieve a balance between
work and leisure time. A person’s belief
about education, employment, and home
influence personal satisfaction and
relationships with others
 CONCEPT OF
WELL-BEING
“Well-being is a subjective
perception of vitality and feeling
well... can be described objectively,
experienced, and measured... and
can be plotted on a continuum”
(Hood, 2010, p. 185). It is a
component of health
KEY ASPECTS OF WELL-BEING:
• PHYSICAL WELL-BEING
Involves maintaining good physical health
through regular exercise, balanced
nutrition, and proper rest.

• EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING
Refers to an individual's ability to manage
emotions, cope with stress, and
experience positive feelings like
happiness, contentment, and peace.

• SOCIAL WELL-BEING
Involves having positive, supportive
relationships with family, friends, and
community.
• PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING
Related to mental health, this includes
self-esteem, purpose, personal growth,
and the ability to engage in meaningful
activities.

• SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING
Relates to a sense of purpose and
connection to something greater than
oneself, whether through religion,
spirituality, or personal values.
 CONCEPT OF NURSING AS
A PROFESSION
Nursing is a healthcare practice dedicated to
the holistic care of individuals, families, and
communities across all life stages. It focuses on
promoting health, preventing illness, alleviating
suffering, and advocating for patients' needs
through a combination of scientific knowledge,
clinical skills, and compassionate care. This care
is guided by a strict code of ethics and
regulated by professional standards, all
acquired through formal education and
regulated by professional licensing. Essentially,
nursing is about actively supporting people in
achieving optimal health and well-being in
various settings.
 CONCEPT OF NURSING AS
A PROFESSION

Nursing is more than just a job—it is a noble

profession dedicated to caring, healing, and
serving others. Nurses play a vital role in the
healthcare system by providing
compassionate care, medical assistance, and
emotional support to patients of all ages.
They are often the bridge between doctors
and patients, ensuring that treatments are
given correctly and that patients feel safe and
cared for.
CONCEPT OF NURSING AS
A PROFESSION

Key aspects of nursing as a

profession:
Holistic Care
Specialized Knowledge
Ethical Practice
Collaboration
Diverse Roles
Lifelong Learning
CONCEPT OF NURSING AS
A PROFESSION

Core functions of a nurse:

Health assessment
Care planning
Medication administration
Patient education
Emotional support
Advocacy
CONCEPT OF NURSING AS
A SCIENCE

Nursing is considered as a science

because the fundamentals of
nursing practice consist of using
scientific information of human
beings in mutual process with their
environment in order to provide for
the well-being of patients.
 CONCEPT OF NURSING AS
A SCIENCE
Nursing as a science is
built on research,
theoretical models, and
evidence-based practice.
It includes:
⁃ Evidence-Based Practice
(EBP): Integrating
scientific research into
clinical decision-making
to improve patient care.
 CONCEPT OF NURSING AS
A SCIENCE
⁃ Nursing Theories such as:

● Florence Nightingale's
Environmental Theory

● Dorothea Orem's Self-Care

Deficit Nursing Theory guide
nursing interventions.
CONCEPT OF NURSING AS
A SCIENCE

⁃ Technological
Integration:

The use of
medical technology,
digital health records
telemedicine, and artificial
intelligence in nursing
practice.
 NURSING AS AN ART
NURSING AS AN ART
Nursing requires empathy, compassion, and effective
communication.
Nursing requires empathy, compassion,
and effective
- Involves communication.
personalized care tailored to individual patient needs.

- A nurse’s ability to comfort, support, and connect with patients

-enhances
Involveshealingpersonalized
and recovery.. care tailored to
individual patient needs.

- A nurse’s ability to comfort, support,

and connect with patients enhances
healing and recovery..
 NURSING
The art of ASonAN
nursing focuses ART
the compassionate,
humanistic aspects of care. It involves:

EMPATHY AND COMMUNICATION:

Understanding patient emotions, concerns, and providing
reassurance.

CULTURAL COMPETENCE:
Delivering care that respects diverse cultural backgrounds,
beliefs, and traditions

THERAPUETIC RELATIONSHIP:
Building trust, emotional support, and rapport with patients.

HOLISTIC CARE:
Addressing the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual
needs of patients to promote healing and well-being.
 CONCLUSION
Nursing is a dynamic and evolving field that incorporates the principles of man, health,
illness, wellness, and well-being to provide comprehensive care.

As a profession, it requires specialized knowledge and ethical responsibility; as a science,

it is grounded in research and clinical evidence; and as an art, it demands empathy,
communication, and holistic patient care.

Nurses play a vital role in health promotion, disease prevention, and patient-centered
care, ensuring the overall well being of individuals and communities.
REFERENCES:
American Nurses Association (ANA). (2021). Nursing: Scope and standards of
practice.
Barrett, E. A. (2017). Again, what is nursing science? Nursing Science Quarterly,
30(2), 129-133. Web.
World Health Organization. (1948). Constitution of the World Health Organization.
Retrieved from American Nurses Association (ANA). (2021). Nursing: Scope and
standards of practice.
Nightingale, F. (1860). Notes on nursing: What it is and what it is not.
Potter, P. A., & Perry, A. G. (2022). Fundamentals of nursing. Elsevier.
Watson, J. (1979). Nursing: The philosophy and science of caring.
World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). Health promotion glossary