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Types of generators (task two,1,3)

The document discusses various types of generators used in wind energy conversion systems, focusing on Induction Generators (IGs) and Synchronous Generators (SGs). It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each generator type, concluding that the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is the best option for a 1 kW wind turbine due to its high efficiency and performance at varying wind speeds. Additionally, it covers Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques for optimizing power extraction from wind energy, comparing Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) Control and Perturb and Observe (P&O) Control methods.

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Mariam Mahmoud
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8 views

Types of generators (task two,1,3)

The document discusses various types of generators used in wind energy conversion systems, focusing on Induction Generators (IGs) and Synchronous Generators (SGs). It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each generator type, concluding that the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is the best option for a 1 kW wind turbine due to its high efficiency and performance at varying wind speeds. Additionally, it covers Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques for optimizing power extraction from wind energy, comparing Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) Control and Perturb and Observe (P&O) Control methods.

Uploaded by

Mariam Mahmoud
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Zewail city-University science and technology Mariam Mahmoud

BY: Mariam Mahmoud Elsawy

Q:2)

Introduction

Wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are rapidly evolving as reliable sources of
renewable energy. The generator, one of the main parts of these systems, is essential
for converting the mechanical energy to electrical power. Small and big wind turbines
use a variety of generator types, each with unique benefits, disadvantages, and
working principles. Selecting the most economical and effective generator for a given
application requires an understanding of various types. The various generator
technologies utilized in wind power systems are examined in this part, with an
emphasis on induction generators (IGs) and synchronous generators (SGs).

By comparing their operating principles, advantages, and disadvantages, we aim to


provide insights into selecting the most suitable generator for wind turbines with rated
powers around 1 kW.

1.1-Induction Generators

Induction Generators (IGs) are often the most used machines in wind turbines. These
machines are categorized into two principals’ kinds of IG: squirrel cage induction
generator and doubly fed induction generator

1-Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG).

Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is the most used generators in variable speed wind
power system.

work principle: The stator of doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) is directly connected to
the network, while the rotor winding is related to the network via an electronic converter.

Figure 1 Doubly fed induction generators (DFIG)

pg. 1
Zewail city-University science and technology Mariam Mahmoud

2-Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG).

Working principle: this generator is constructed by connecting the stator winding of a squirrel
cage induction generator to network through a converter. However, the rotor of this machine
is composed of longitudinal conductive bars placed into grooves and short circuited by using
shorting rings.

Figure 2 Squirrel Cage Induction Generator (SCIG).

1.2 Synchronous Generators

The synchronous generator frequently consists of a stator that essentially has the same
design as that of induction generators and a rotor which may be supplied either from a
direct current flowing in a wound-rotor or from permanent magnetic.

1-Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator (WRSG).

Working principle: In this generator, the stator winding and network are mediated by a
power electronic converter. The rotor field winding of this generator is excited by an
auxiliary DC source through a DC/DC converter controlled.

Figure 3 Wound Rotor Synchronous Generator (WRSG).

pg. 2
Zewail city-University science and technology Mariam Mahmoud

2- Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG).

Working principle:

Permanent magnet Synchronous Generator is considered as a brushless self-excited


synchronous machine. It uses permanent magnets (PMs) to produce a magnetic field

This generator classified according to the way of insertion of the PM on the rotor into two
categories:

The first one is a surface mounted PMSGs (the magnets are set on the rotor surface). This
type is preferred for low-speed WTs to avoid the risk of magnet detachment in case of high
speeds.

The second one is inset magnet PMSG which is appropriate for high-speed wind turbines; in
this case, the magnets are internally inserted on the rotor body. The coupling of a typical
PMSG-based WECS to the network is made through a diode rectifier followed by boost
converter. Other technique is that the PWM rectifier is placed between the machine and the
DC link, and the PWM inverter is connected to the network.

Figure 4 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG).

Generator Advantages Disadvantages


Doubly Fed Induction Low cost High Maintenance
Medium efficiency
Squirrel Cage Induction low cost Low efficiency
Small size
Full speed range
Wound Rotor Synchronous Full speed range The need for external DC
Generator High efficiency source for rotor excitation

Permanent-Magnet High efficiency, low High cost


Synchronous Generator maintenance
Full speed range

pg. 3
Zewail city-University science and technology Mariam Mahmoud

Best option for a 1 kW wind turbine.

By taking in our consideration the efficiency, maintenance, and cost, the Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is the best option for a 1 kW wind turbine as it is highly
efficient and performs well at varying wind speeds. (1KW Wind Turbine Price and Power Plant Price - InkPV, n.d.)

1KW Wind Turbine price And Power Plant Price - InkPV. (n.d.). Inkpv.
https://inkpv.com/product/solar-and-wind-power-system/1kw-wind-power-plant/

Dani, A., Mekrini, Z., el Mrabet, M., & Boulaala, M. (2023). A Review of Different
Structures Generators and Control Strategies Applied to the Wind Turbine. Lecture Notes in
Networks and Systems, 714 LNNS, 190–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35245-4_18

Q:1)

pg. 4
Zewail city-University science and technology Mariam Mahmoud

pg. 5
Zewail city-University science and technology Mariam Mahmoud

Q:4)

MPPT it’s a technique that help to maximize power extraction from wind energy by
dynamically adjusting the turbine's operating point to match the best power curve. Wind
turbines do not have a fixed maximum power point like PV system; they require tracking
algorithms that adapt to wind speed variations.

There are two common ways to apply MPPT in wind turbines,Tip Speed Ratio (TSR)
Control and Perturb and Observe (P&O) Control .

TSR control keeps the rotor spinning at the ideal speed in relation to wind speed, resulting in
maximum efficiency. However, it requires sensors to assess wind and rotor speeds, which can
increase the system's cost and complexity.

The P&O control method, which does not require wind speed sensors, is simpler and less
expensive, but it can cause minor fluctuations around the maximum power point. It works by
adjusting the generator speed slightly and checking if the power output increases or
decreases. If the power output increases, it continues to adjust in the same direction; if it
decreases, it switches directions.

For small wind turbines, the P&O method is usually the better choice. Small turbines are
frequently employed in areas were installing and maintaining wind speed sensors is
impractical, so having a sensor-free system is a significant advantage. P&O is also easier and
cheaper to deploy, making it ideal for small-scale applications. Although it may create minor
power fluctuations, the overall energy loss is negligible, making it an efficient and
dependable option.

Babaa, S. E., Armstrong, M., & Pickert, V. (2014). Overview of Maximum Power Point
Tracking Control Methods for PV Systems. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering,
02(08), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2014.28006

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