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Quantitative-Sampling-and-Sampling-Techniques-1

Sampling is the process of selecting a representative subset from a population for investigation, which can save time and resources. There are two main types of sampling techniques: probability sampling, where each member has an equal chance of selection, and non-probability sampling, which does not use a systematic selection process. Various methods exist within these categories, including simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and purposive sampling, each serving different research needs.

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6 views

Quantitative-Sampling-and-Sampling-Techniques-1

Sampling is the process of selecting a representative subset from a population for investigation, which can save time and resources. There are two main types of sampling techniques: probability sampling, where each member has an equal chance of selection, and non-probability sampling, which does not use a systematic selection process. Various methods exist within these categories, including simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and purposive sampling, each serving different research needs.

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4rtstuffss
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sampling and Sampling Techniques

Sampling

- Sampling is defined as the process of selecting a representative of the


population which will be subjected for investigation.

Population

- Refers to the collection or totality of items, things or people under


consideration.

Sample

- Is the subset or representative of the population

Parameter

- Is a measurable characteristic of a population. The values of a parameter


can be approximated and not necessarily equal to the statistics. (Population
mean, population standard deviation, population variance, population
probability, etc.)

Statistic

- Is a number describing the sample which represents the population. It is a


measurable characteristic of a sample which can be computed directly. Note
that the sample mean or any statistic may not be equal to the parameter or
population data. (Sample mean, sample standard deviation, sample variance,
sample probability, etc.)
Why do researchers do sampling?

- It saves time and money


- It may be physically impossible to get the whole population (Example:
You want to test the drinking water quality, you only drink a part of it,
not all the water.)
- Some tests are destructive in nature (Dangerous tests like drinking all
water in the previous example)
- The sample results are sufficient

Sampling is better done with the use of SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Sampling techniques are used to choose or select representatives of the


population (sample).

Sampling Techniques

Probability Sampling Non-Probability Sampling


Probability sampling uses the Non-probability sampling is used when the
“chance process”. In this sampling, sample needed is not a proportion of the
all members of the target population. This has no system in selecting
population has an equal chance of a sample. This is often used to gather data
being selected as part of the quickly.
sample.

Simple Random Sampling Purposive Sampling


Systematic Random Sampling
Convenience Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling
Quota Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Probability Sampling
 Simple Random Sampling

- Is the selection of a subset of a population where each element has an equal


chance of being selected

- Sometimes referred to as the “lottery” or “fishbowl” method.

- The sampling frame is the complete list of all members of the population.

 Systematic Random Sampling

- Selects a random starting point and then every kth member of the population
is selected;

- The respondents should be arranged in some way like alphabetically

- The technique uses the formula:


k = population ¿ ¿ sample ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿

 Stratified Random Sampling


- Is the selection of simple random sample from each of a given number of
subpopulations or strata.

- Each stratum has the same characteristics defined by the category of


stratification (e.g., sex, year level)

- Each stratum will be represented proportionally.

- All selected members will be combined to form the sample.

 Cluster Sampling

- Is the selection of cluster/s from the available clusters in the population.

- Sometimes referred to as “area sampling” because the population is spread


out over a wide area.

- Once a cluster is selected, all members of that cluster will be part of the
sample.

- These clusters are actually based on naturally occurring clusters like


barangays and cities.

Non-Probability Sampling
 Purposive Sampling

- Samples are selected based on the characteristics of a population and the


objective of the study.

- This technique sometimes gives difficulty in locating the samples of the


study as not all can be considered unless they have the specific characteristic
needed in the study.

 Convenience Sampling

- Samples are selected because of their convenient accessibility and


proximity to the researcher.

- This technique utilizes samples which are already available.

- It is possible to be biased in some cases.

 Quota Sampling

- A specified number of samples are predetermined, once this number is


obtained, the data gathering stops.

- Samples include people that represent a population and are chosen


according to their abilities or characteristics.

- It is the non-probability type of stratified random sampling.

 Snowball Sampling

- Is used to identify possible samples which are rare or hard to find possibly
because they are limited. It has no system of selection

- The researcher may start with one sample and asks them if they know
someone who has the same characteristics. The researcher repeats this
process until the number of samples are enough.

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