MARIA ERICSANDA L.

PENETRANTE

Schedule: TTH; 7:30-9:00AM (08334)

Chapter 2 Review Questions

1. What is Grammar?

Grammar is the study of the classes of words, their inflections, and their functions and relations in
the sentence. It is the structure of our writing. Without correct grammar usage, our ideas and thoughts
cannot be communicated effectively or efficiently. It is the structural foundation of our ability to express
ourselves. The more we are aware of how it works, the more we can monitor the meaning and
effectiveness of the way we and others use language.

2. What is composition?

Is the way a writer assembles words and sentences to create a coherent and meaningful work.
Composition can also mean the activity of writing, or the nature of the subject of a piece of writing, or the
piece of writing itself, compositions can be called an essay, report, presentation or a term paper.

3. What are the types of Composition in Writing?

The four classical types of composition are:

 Description- A description, or descriptive writing, is a statement or account that describes

something or someone, listing characteristic features and significant details to provide a reader
with a portrayal in words.
 Narration- A narration, or narrative writing, is a personal account, a story that the writer tells his
or her reader.
 Exposition- Exposition, or expository writing, is the act of expounding or explaining a person,
place, thing, or event.
 Argumentation- a writing or an argumentation is basically an exercise in comparing and
contrasting. It is the methodological presentation of both sides of an argument using logical or
formal reasoning
4. What are the 9 parts of speech and their usage?

These are the 9 parts of speech and their usage:

1. Nouns- These are names of people, places, or things. They are often the subject in a sentence. A
singular noun takes a singular verb in a sentence; a plural noun takes a plural verb.
2. Pronouns- It refers to or substitutes a noun in a given sentence.
3. Verbs- It shows action (walk, run, write) or a state of being (be, feel, smell, and seem). Some
verbs can stand alone in a sentence; other verbs are helping verbs.
 4. Adverbs- It describes action verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They answer the questions
HOW? WHY? WHEN? WHERE? HOW MUCH? or TO WHAT DEGREE? To determine
whether to use an adverb or an adjective, locate the word it describes.
5. Adjectives- These are words that describe or indicate degree. Adjectives are used to describe
nouns or pronouns. Adjectives are also used after linking verbs.
6. Articles- These are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific. The articles in the English
language are the, a, and an.
7. Prepositions- It is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show
direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object.
8. Conjunctions- These are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together. It allows the
writer to form complex, elegant sentences and avoid the choppiness of multiple short sentences
9. Interjections- are words or phrases that are grammatically independent from the words around it,
and mainly express feeling rather than meaning.

5. What are noun?

These are names of people, places, or things. They are often the subject in a sentence. A singular
noun takes a singular verb in a sentence; a plural noun takes a plural verb.

6. What are Pronouns?

It refers to or substitutes a noun in a given sentence.

7. What are the Verb Tenses?

 Present Tense-It is used to show action that is occurring now Create the present tense by using the
present form of the verb.
 Past Tense It is used to show action that was completed in the past. Create the past tense by using
the past form of the verb.
 Future Tense- It is used to show action that is expected to occur in the future. Create the future
tense by putting the helping verb will before the present form of the verb
 Present Perfect Tense- It is used to show action that started in the past and is continuing or is
linked to the present. Create the present perfect tense by putting the helping verb has or have
before the past participle form of the verb.
 Past Perfect Tense- It is used to show action that was completed before another past action.
Create the past. perfect tense by putting the helping verb had before the past participle form of the
verb.
 Future Perfect Tense- It is used to show action that will be completed before another future
action. Create the future perfect tense by putting the helping verbs "will have before the past
participle form of the verb.
 Present Progressive Tense- It is used to show an action that is occurring now and is continuing.
Create the present progressive tense by using the present participle and putting the helping verb
is, am, are, was, were, or be before it.
 Past Progressive Tense- It is used to show a continuing action that occurred in the past. Create the
past progressive tense by using the present participle and putting the helping verb was or were
before it.
  Future Progressive Tense-It is used to show a continuing future action. Create the future
progressive tense by using the present participle and putting the helping verbs "will be" before it.

8. What are the differences in the usage of Adverbs and Adjectives?

 Adverbs- Place adverbs as close as possible to the words they are supposed to modify. Putting the
adverb in the wrong spot can produce an awkward sentence at best and completely change the
meaning at worst.
 Adjectives- used in sentences or clauses with linking verbs fall after the nouns they modify.
Linking verbs describe a state of being rather than an action; the most common linking verb is to
be, and others include sense verbs like appear, seem, look, smell, sound, and taste.

9. What are the different types of Preposition?

 Preposition of direction
 Preposition of time
 preposition of place
 Preposition of location
 Prepositions of spatial relationships

10. What are the usage of Articles in a sentence?

These two are the usage of Articles in a sentence:

 Definite Article- It limits the meaning of a noun to one particular thing. The definite article is the
word the. It can be used with singular, plural, or uncountable nouns.
 Indefinite Article-It takes two forms. It's the word a when it precedes a word that begins with a
consonant. It's the word an when it precedes a word that begins with a vowel. The indefinite
article indicates that a noun refers to a general idea rather than a particular thing.

11. What are conjunction?

These are words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together. It allows the writer to form
complex, elegant sentences and avoid the choppiness of multiple short sentences

12. What are interjections?

Interjections are words or phrases that are grammatically independent from the words around it,
and mainly express feeling rather than meaning. In writing, an interjection is typically followed by an
exclamation point, but it can also be followed by a comma if it is part of a sentence. Knowing the
different kinds of interjections, and understanding how to punctuate them, will help you use them
correctly.

13. What is the Subject Verb Agreement?

Subject verb agreement refers to the grammatical concept that the subject of a sentence must
align with the main verb of that same sentence. In other words, if the subject is singular, the verb should
also be in the singular form, and if the subject is plural, the verb should e in the plural form.
14. What are the 11 Rules in Subject Verb Agreement?

These are the 11 Rules in Subject Verb Agreement:

1. When the subject of a sentence is composed of two or more nouns or pronouns connected by and, use a
plural verb (owl. purdue.edu, 2021).

2. When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by or or nor, use a singular verb
(owl.purdue.edu, 2021).

3. When a compound subject contains both a singular and a plural noun or pronoun joined by or or nor,
the verb should agree with the part of the subject that is nearer the verb.

4. Doesn't is a contraction of does not and should be used only with a singular subject. Don't is a
contraction of do not and should be used only with a plural subject. The exception to this rule appears in
the case of the first person and second person pronouns I and you. With these pronouns, the contraction
"don't" should be used (owl.purdue.edu, 2021).

5. Do not be misled by a phrase that comes between the subject and the verb. The verb agrees with the
subject, not with a noun or pronoun in the phrase (owl.purdue.edu, 2021).

6. The words each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody,
someone, and no one are singular and require a singular verb (owl.purdue.edu, 2021).

7. Nouns such as civics, mathematics, dollars, measles, and news require singular verbs. When talking
about an amount of money. it requires a singular verb, but when referring to the dollars themselves, a
plural verb is required (owl.purdue.edu, 2001).

8. Nouns such as scissors, tweezers, trousers, and shears require plural verbs.

9. In sentences beginning with "there is" or "there are," the subject follows the verb. Since "there" is not
the subject, the verb agrees with what follows

10. Collective nouns are words that imply more than one person but that are considered singular and take
a singular verb, such as group, team, committee, class, and family (owl.purdue.edu, 2021).

11. Expressions such as with, together with, including, accompanied by, in addition to, or as well do not
change the number of the subject. If the subject is singular, the verb is too.