Basic English Grammar

Topic: Parts of Speech

Exercise: 1.

Definition Every word of a sentence is a part of Examples

speech.
A Noun is the name of (a).Proper Noun: Nusaiba, Dhaka, Padma
anything. (b).Common Noun: Man, City, River
1. Noun (c).Collective Noun: Class, committee,Teem,
Nouns are 5 kinds: (d).Material Noun: Gold, Iron, Diamond.
(e).Abstract Noun: Honesty, poverty, glory
A pronoun is a word used I, we, me, us, my, mine, our, ours, you, your,
2. Pronoun in the place of a noun. yours, he, she, him, her, they, them, his, their
it, its, this, that, these, those etc.
Parts
An adjective is a word Good, bad, tall, red, poor, rich, one, four,
of 3. Adjective which modifies a Noun or thirty, much, many, old, new, beautiful, ugly,
Speech a Pronoun. dark etc
A verb is a word which Go, eat, read, make, do, teach, write, open,
are 8 4. Verb
does something. clean, come, see, hear, sit, sleep etc.
Kinds A verb is a word which Very, fast, twice, now, early, slowly, well,
5. Adverb modifies a verb or an soon, quickly, poorly, gladly, slowly, here,
adjective. quite etc.
A preposition is a word in, on, at, by, to, for, of, above, up, into,
which places before a under, upon, behind, after, with, over, from,
6. Preposition Noun or pronoun to show across, against, between, among, before,
its relation with some below, beneath, beyond, down, like, outside,
other words in a sentence. out of, since, towards, within, without etc
A conjunction is a word And, as, if, but, both, because, else, lest, or,
which joins one or more however, still, till, so, either..or, though,
7. Conjunction words,phrases words or unless, neither….nor, then, than, yet, while,
clauses together in a that.
sentence.
An interjection is a word Ah!, Alas!, Bravo!, Eh!(ইস), Fie!(ছ িঃ),
which expresses an
8. Interjection emotion word. Hallo!, Hark!(ঐ শ োন), Hush!(চুপ), Hurrah!,
Ha! Ha!, Oh!, Shame!(লজ্জো), How!, What!
Well done!

Identify the part of speech of the underlined word.

1. The students were overjoyed to hear the news.----------------------------
2. Lend me a few hundred dollars.---------------------------------------------
3. She thanked him for his help.------------------------------------------------
4. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall.--------------------------------------------
5. She went to the market to buy some eggs.---------------------------------
 6. Thoughts rushed through his mind quickly.--------------------------------
7. Hurrah! We have won.-------------------------------------------------------
8. She put the envelope in her pocket.-----------------------------------------
9. My new job is the best job of my life.-------------------------------------
10. He used simple words to express his idea.---------------------------------
11. Take your dirty hands at me.-----------------------------------------------
12. The dog got up and walked away.------------------------------------------
13. Takiya was small, thin and pretty.---------------------------------------------
14. When I realized my mistake, I apologized.--------------------------------
15. I have a bad toothache.--------------------------------------------------------

Exercise: 2.
Point out the Nouns in the following sentences and say whether they are common, proper, collective,
material or abstract:

1. Always speak the truth. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. We all love honesty. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. I have two children.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. The lion is the king of the beasts.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Solomon was the wisest of all kings.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Cleanliness is next to godliness.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Birds of a feather flock together.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Who teaches you grammar? -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9. The Nile is the longest of all rivers.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. A committee of six was appointed to assess the situation.------------------------------------------------------

11. Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India.---------------------------------------------------------

12. The boy was rewarded for his honesty.----------------------------------------------------------------------------

13. He gave me an apple.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14. I recognized his voice at once.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

15. You should never tell a lie.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ---------

16. Wisdom is better than riches.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

17. He is on the jury.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18. Silver and gold are precious metals.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------

19. Still waters run deep.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

20. The cackling of geese saved Rome.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 21. Tubal Cain was a man of might.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

22. Old habits die hard.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

23. The early bird catches the worm.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

24. It was Edison who invented the phonograph.------------------------------------------------------------------------

25. You can’t pump the ocean dry.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Exercise: 3.1
Underline the Adjective of the following sentences:

1. She is three years older than me.

2. The snake is still alive.
3. Their apartment is quite small.
4. She has a nice small house in the city.
5. You are a mere child.
6. She is a frightened woman.
7. Nurses look after sick people.
8. I feel unhappy.
9. I need six large eggs.
10. This dress is new, isn’t it?
11. The car sustained heavy damage in the accident.
12. He has written several stories.
13. A dog is very faithful to its master.
14. Every man has his duties.
15. He is a man of few words.
16. Neither party is quite in the right.
17. Which color do you prefer?
18. The way was long, the wind was cold.
19. He calls me every day.
20. I have not seen him in several days.
21. John won the second prize.
22. He was absent from the class.
23. He died a glorious death.
24. A small leak is enough to sink a great ship.
25. King Francis was a hearty king and loved a royal sport.

Exercise: 3.2
Complete the following sentences using an appropriate Adjective.
 1. The ……………… woman lives in a ………………… hut.
2. This is a very …………………. matter.
3. I read an ………………………… book yesterday.
4. Her performance was ……………………..
5. There was …………………. silence in the room.
6. The injured man needs ………………… attention.
7. The battle of Waterloo ended in a ………………….. victory.
8. The nation expects ………………… man to do his duty.
9. Julia is the ……………….. girl in the class.
10. Asia is the ………………….. continent in the world.
11. Swimming is a ………………… exercise.
12. His ………………… manners made him popular.

Exercise: 4.
Verbs are action words. They show what the subject is doing.
Underline the Verbs in the following sentences.

1. The nightingale sang melodiously.

2. He went to the market to buy some vegetables.
3. He earned the respect of his countrymen.
4. They welcomed him with open arms.
5. She did something stupid.
6. The frustrated woman didn’t know what she was supposed to do.
7. The students and their parents have been invited to the function.
8. We live among respectable people.
9. She is a hardworking woman.
10. They wanted to leave the town.
11. He spoke in a loud voice.
12. She shouted at the watchman.
13. I want to be a writer.
14. She said nothing.
15. The boy was throwing stones at the dog.
16. She was dusting the tables and chairs.
17. We are waiting for them.
18. It has been raining since morning.
19. I have finished the work.
20. The thieves have been caught by the police.
21. I will have plenty of time tomorrow.
22. She wants to leave now.
23. The poor widow is struggling to raise her children.
24. This time tomorrow, I will be writing my exam.
25. I received the parcel yesterday.
 Topic: Preposition

Definition A preposition is a word generally placed before a noun/pronoun/phrase/clause or any other parts
of speech to show its relation with other words in the sentence.
1. Simple consists of only one word at, after, by, for, from, in, on, of, off, to, up etc
Consists of 2 simple in+to=into, up+on=upon, with+in=within.
2. Double
prepositions
Prepositions Compounding of a simple and by+fore=before, by+low=below,
are 6 Kinds 3. Compound
any other parts of speech by+hind=behaind
consists of one or more prep at the top of, in front of, on spite of
4. Phrase
with another part of speech
when present participle or past Regarding, considering,
5. Participle
participle works as preposition
sometimes used ‘a’, ‘o’ or ‘/’ of clock=o’clock, 200tk per day=200tk/day
6. Disguise
instead of simple preposition 60 word per Minuit=60 words a Minuit
Sometime prepositions are used as question word is called detached preposition- Where do you
come from? What is Dhaka famous for? What are you thinking about? etc.

General Rules of Using Preposition

We live in Dhaka, Now she is in the class room, Put it in the box, Netrokona
Place(bigger)
is in the north of Bangladesh, May I come in?
I will come in the evening, Try to finish the assignment in a day, in a week, in
Time
In a month, in January, in summer, in 1998.
Situation She is very good in English but bad in Math.
Language In bangle, in English, in French, in Arabic.
Occupation In Police, on Army, in Teaching
Packed time Within a week, within five years,
Within
Reach/capacity I will try my best within my capacity.
Place(smaller) at Mirpur, at Naragai,
Time At 6 p. m, at noon, at night, at 30km per hour
At
Age At the age of 25,
Direction At the book, student at xyz
Into Change Entered into the room(place), water into ice(situation),
Upper touch On the table, on foot, on the earth, on the Burigonga
Fixed date On Sunday, on the 10th January
On Depend The cow lives on grass, on my father’s income,
Festival On his birthday, on Eid,
According On request, on chairman’s request.
Upper untouch Jumped over the wall, over my head,
Over
More Over sixty taka, He is over seventy.
Upper fixed The sky is above our head,
Above
Out of ability Don’t live above your means/ability.
With By/through The man killed the snake with a stick.
 Company I live with my family.
For Time It been raining for 5days
Place He started for Dhaka.
purpose I am waiting for you; He has come here for living.
Of Connect/cause The leg of the chair is broken. He has died of cholera.
Off close Please switch off the light, Put off the lamp.
From Time/place I started playing cricket from childhood; The train has come from Khulna.
passive The work was done by him
By Near/means He sat by me, He went to the hospital by bus
Time/date You must come back by 5 a. m. I will complete the work by 5 January.
Between Midst 2p/thing Divide the apples between Ayesha and Afifa.
purpose Come to learn, go to serve.
To
`motive/area He goes to school. Dhaka to Comilla road is very good for journey.
Among Midst 3more Divide/provide the mangoes among the five students.
More/less There are about 50 students in our class.
About
information I know everything about him.
Future/later Meet me after 25 January, Come here after the class. He went home after
After noon
Back/purpose Do not run after money, He ran after the thief.
Across diagonally The man swam across the river.
previous He will come here before 4 p. m.
Before
In front of The event took place before my eyes.
Since starting It has been raining since morning.
Beside /s Nearby/without Please sit beside me. Besides these, I have another pen.
Behind At the back There is a mango tree behind the house.
Through Midst/side2side We walked through the forest, I looked through the window.
Under Below/control He sat under a tree, You are under arrest. The bus is under driver’s control.
Without With no/lacking We cannot live without food.
Around Time/approx He will come here around 10 a. m.
All the side We travelled around the city.
A lot of many I have a lot of friends in Chittagong.
towards Direction of He goes quickly towards the school building.

Exercise: 5.
Complete the following sentences using Prepositions.

1. He was lying _______ his bed.

2. She put the books _________the table.
3. The meeting started __________4 o’clock.
4. My sister lives _____________Japan.
5. Last month, they went __________ a picnic.
6. He was born ___________ 2005.
7. I met him ____________Monday.
8. She has been absent …………………… Friday.
9. He is going ………………….. France.
10. When I went to his house he was working ………………….. the garden.
11. The boy fell ……………………. the water.
12. She took some chocolates ………………… the jar.
13. He put his hand …………………. the jar.
14. He went …………………. the theatre.
15. I am waiting …………………….. him.
16. An altimeter is used …………………. measuring height ……………….. sea level.
17. Hard work is the key ……………………. success.
18. This road leads ……………………… Mumbai.
19. We should not look ……………………….. anybody.
20. The boy laughed ………………………. the beggar.
21. The child was run …………………… by a car.
22. The book was lying …………………….. the table.
23. The sky is overcast …………………… clouds.
24. She died ………………….. cholera.
25. I have no taste …………………. music.
26. They died ………………… their country.
27. She is afraid ………………….. spiders.
28. The foolish lion jumped ………………….. the well.
29. She took offence ………………….. my remarks.
30. They belong ……………………. a noble family.
31. She goes to school ……………………. foot.
32. Let’s take our time and go …………………… boat.
33. I am leaving ……………………. Singapore tomorrow.
34. The boys were throwing stones ……………………. the dog.
35. We set off …………………….. 7 o’clock.
36. All the buses were …………………. strike, so we hired a taxi.
37. The library is open ……………………. all working days.
38. Let’s go …………………….. a walk.
39. We don’t have to go ………………… school …………………… Sundays.
40. My uncle wrote a letter …………………… me congratulating me ………………………… my success
………………….. the examination.
 Topic: Articles

Use of A and An
1. সাধারণত consonant এর পূ র্বে a এবং vowel (a, e, i, o, u) এর পূ র্বে an বর্স। a hen, a book, a pen, an apple, an egg
2. শর্ের শুরুর্ত যদি h থার্ে এবং h এর উচ্চারণ h এর মত হর্ে তার পূ র্বে a বর্স। a horse, a historian, an honest man, an hour.

দেন্তু হ এর উচ্চারণ o বা অন্য কোন্ উচ্চারণ হর্ে তার পূ র্বে an বর্স।

3. শর্ের শুরুর্ত যদি Vowel থার্ে এবং তার উচ্চারণ যদি u এর মত হয় তাহর্ে তার a ewe, a European, a uniform, a university, a
useful
পূ র্বে a বর্স।
4. O দির্য় গদিত শর্ের পূ র্বে an বর্স। শুধু মাত্র one শর্ের পূ র্বে a বর্স। an orange, a one taka note, a one eyed man.
5. সংদিপ্ত রূপ অথোৎ abbreviation এর প্রথম অির vowel এর মত উচ্চাদরত হর্ে An M.B.B.S, an F.C.P.S, an M.A,

তার পূ র্বে an বর্স।

6. এেজন্ বযদি বা বস্তুর্ে বু ঝার্ে তার পূ র্বে a/an বর্স। There lived a farmer.
7. Preposition অর্থে েখর্ন্া েখর্ন্া a বযবহৃত হয়। এরূপ a কে disguised She went a (on) shopping.

preposition বর্ে।
8. Few, little, lot of, great many, good deal ইতযাদি plural noun এর পূ র্বে I have a few friends here.
The library has a lot of books
a/an বর্স। মার্ঝ মার্ঝ many এর পর্র a/an বর্স।
9. সংখযাবাচে শে- dozen, hundred, thousand, million,ইতযাদির পূ র্বে a বর্স। He gave a dozen of apples. A million of
people
10. Exclamation অথোৎ what, how, why ইতযাদির পর্র a বর্স। What a beautiful lady! How nice a bird!

Use of ‘The’
1. দন্দিেষ্ট ের্র বু ঝায় এমন্ common noun এর singular ও plural উভয় number The boy is reading
The girls are singing.
এর পূ র্বে the বর্স।
2. এে জাতীয় সেের্ে বু ঝার্ত singular common noun এর পূ র্বে the বর্স। The cow gives us milk
3. মান্বজাদত man and women এর পূ র্বে the বর্স ন্া। Man is mortal
4. ন্িী, সাগর, উপসাগর, পবেতর্েণী, িীপপুঞ্জ, জাহাজ ইতযাদি ন্ার্মর পূ র্বে the বর্স। The Himalayas, The Titanic. The Padma
5. ধমেগ্রন্থ ও পদত্রোর ন্ার্মর পূ র্বে the বর্স। The holy Quran, The Daily sun.
6. এেে বস্তু–পৃ দথবী, চন্দ্র, সূ যে, পূ বে, পদিম, উত্তর, িদিন্ - র পূ র্বে the বর্স। The sun, The earth, The east, the south
7. বণেন্ামূ েে বা জাদতর ন্ার্মর পূ র্বে the বর্স। The U.S.A, the panjab. the English
8. তাদরর্খর ন্ার্মর পূ র্বে the বর্স। The 10th March.
9. জাদত ও সম্প্রিার্য়র ন্ার্মর পূ র্বে the বর্স। কযমন্ – The rich, The poor, The Muslims.
10. Superlative degree কত adjective এর পূ র্বে the বর্স। He is the best boy in the class.
11. Musical instrument এর পূ র্বে the বর্স। The piano, the flute.
12. কোন্ কোন্ যন্ত্র এবং আদবস্কার্রর পূ র্বে the বর্স। Markoni invented the radio
13. Singular designation এর পূ র্বে the বর্স। The president, The Prime Minister,

Omission of definite article

রাস্তা, এদভন্ু , স্কয়ার, পার্েের ন্ার্মর পূ র্বে the বর্স ন্া। He is going to park.

দবখযাত গ্রর্ন্থর কেখর্ের ন্াম গ্রর্ন্থর পূ র্বে থাের্ে the বর্স ন্া। দেন্তু কেখর্ের ন্াম পূ র্বে ন্া The Gitanjoli of Robindranath.
থাের্ে the বর্স।
ভাষার ন্ার্মর পূ র্বে the বর্স ন্া। Bengali is our mother lsnguge

হ্রর্ির ন্ার্মর পূ র্বে the বর্স ন্া। Lake Baikal, Lake Caspian.

Allah or God এর ন্ার্মর পূ র্বে the বর্স ন্া। Allah has created us.

Exercise: 6.1
Complete the following sentences using appropriate articles.
1. Kaiser is …………. stronger of ……………. two boys.
1. _____ bingo game 2. _____ idiot 3. _____ Daily Star 4. ____ universal
truth
2. He lives in ……….. United States of America.
3. ………………. higher you go, ………….. colder it gets.
4. Yesterday was ……………… hottest day of the year.
5. I couldn’t find …………… book you lent me.
6. Choose ……………. shorter of …………… two routes.
7. ………………. earnest boy never fails.
8. He gave me ………… copy of ……….. Qur’an.
9. He is ………. most intelligent boy in ……….. class.
10. They have built ………….. bridge across ………. river.
11. …………….. lion is ……….. king of beasts.
12. We expect …………… train to be ………. hour late.
13. Yesterday I watched ………………….. interesting cricket match.
14. I saw …………………… cute little girl in the store.
15. Ceylon is …………………… island in ………………… Indian Ocean.
16. I saw ……………………….. airplane flying low, just above …………………. trees.
17. He was ……………………. only child of ………………… rich merchant.
18. …………………… telephone is …………………. useful invention.
19. We expect …………………… official enquiry into …………………… accident.
20. ………………… man who died in ……………………… morning was …………………. heart patient.
21. I have lost ……………………. book that you gave me yesterday.
22. I saw …………………… old man. He was carrying ………………….. umbrella.
23. It is ………………….. useful thing.
24. Saturn is ……………………. second largest planet in our solar system.
25. Muhsin is ………………….. engineer.
26. …………………….. Mr. Sajib came here to see you.
27. What ……………………… beautiful flower it is!
28. Raju is ………………….. brightest student in the class.
29. …………………… lion is the king of animals.
30. I gave him …………………… one rupee coin.
31. Put …………………… books on ………………. table.
32. There is ………………….. spider on …………….. roof.
33. What happened to ………………… hundred dollars I lent you?
34. Meem is …………………….. pretty girl.
35. He is …………………….. smartest boy in ……………….. class.
36. She is writing …………………… novel.
37. She has ………………….. six year old son.
38. Bangladesh is one of ………………….. biggest Muslim countries in …………………. world.
39. She has won ………………….. first prize in essay writing.
40. Tongi is ……………..most well known place in the Islamic country
41. Meena is ……………………. lovely girl.
42. Why are you standing on ………………………. table?
43. It was …………………… stupid thing to do.
44. It was ………………. worst thing to happen to me.
45. I will be back in …………………. hour.
5. ____ used fork 6. _____ uncle 7. ____ historian 8. ____ apple
9. ____ hair 10. _____ old man 11. ____ horrible movie 12. ____ opera

13. ____ Atlantic 14. ____university 15. _____ earthquake 16. ____ hour

17. _____ earth 18. ____ eggplant 19. ____ USA 20. ____ good job
21. ____ MBBS 22. ____ up stairway 23. ____ mount Everest 24. _____ Muslim

25. ___ one eyed man 26. ____ east 27. ____ Arabian 28. ____ early bird

29. ____ last 30. _____ airplane 31. ____ sun 32. ____ honest man

Exercise: 6.3
1. ______ mosjid on the corner is progressive.
2. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of pencils and pens.
3. One of the students said, "_______ professor is late today."
4. Maheer likes to play _____ volleyball.
5. I bought ______ umbrella to go out in the rain.
6. Please give me _______ cake that is on the counter.
7. ______ ink in my pen is red.
8. Our neighbors have ____ cat and _____ dog.
9. We have ______ beautiful garden. _______ garden is full of roses.

10. Is fencing _____ popular sport in _______ world? No, it isn’t.

11. I'd like ______ glass of orange juice please.

12. Can you give me ________ envelope, please? Certainly Oh! Where’s ______ envelope?

13. Is there _______ post office near here?

14. They’re at ______ cinema.

15. My brother is in _______ classroom.

16. Would you like _______ hamburger?

17. Taskin has got ______ cat. What is _______ cat’s name?

14. _________ school is very cold. Hasn’t it got _______ central heating system?

Topic: Tenses
15. It has, but _______ central heating is broken down.
 Simple Present
Affirmative She drinks.
Negative She does not drink.
Interrogative Does she drink?
Form I, you we they play | he, she, it plays
Uses  action in the present taking place once, never or several times
 facts
 actions taking place one after another
 action set by a timetable or schedule

Present Continuous
Affirmative He is reading.
Negative He is not reading.
Interrogative Is he reading?
Form To be (in the simple present) + verb + ing
Uses  action taking place at the moment of speaking
 action arranged for the future

Simple Past
Affirmative I cried.
Negative I did not cry
Interrogative Did I cry?
Form Regular verbs: Verb + ed | Irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by
heart. This is a list of irregular verbs
Uses  action in the past taking place once, never or several times
 actions taking place one after another

Past Continuous
Affirmative He was driving.
Negative He was not driving.
Interrogative Was he driving?
Form to be (in the simple past) + verb + ing
Uses  action going on at a certain time in the past
 actions taking place at the same time
 action in the past that is interrupted by another action

Present Perfect Simple

Affirmative They have slept.
Negative They have not slept.
Interrogative Have they slept?
Form Have / has + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past
participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list
of irregular verbs)
Uses  emphasis is on the result (not the duration)
 action that started in the past & is still going on
 action that stopped recently
 finished action that has an influence on the present

Present Perfect Continuous

Affirmative He has been thinking.
Negative He has not been thinking.
Interrogative Has he been thinking?
Form have or has + been + verb + ing
Uses  putting emphasis on the course or duration (not the result)
  action that recently stopped or is still going on
 finished action that influenced the present

Past Perfect Simple

Affirmative She had won.
Negative She had not won.
Interrogative Had she won?
Form had + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past participle of
irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list of irregular
verbs)
Uses  action taking place before a certain time in the past
 sometimes interchangeable with past perfect progressive
 putting emphasis only on the fact (not the duration)

Past Perfect Continuous

Affirmative He had been waiting.
Negative He had not been waiting.
Interrogative Had he been waiting?
Form had + been + verb + ing
Uses  action taking place before a certain time in the past
 sometimes interchangeable with past perfect simple
 putting emphasis on the duration or course of an action

Future Simple
Affirmative I will open the door.
Negative I will not open the door.
Interrogative Will you open the door?
Form will + verb
Uses  We use the simple future for instant decisions.
 We use the simple future when we predict a future situation
 We use the simple future in conditional sentences type one. (More on
conditional sentences here)

Future Plan
(going to)
Affirmative He is going to clean the car.
Negative He is not going to clean the car.
Interrogative Is he going to clean the car?
Form to be (in the simple present) + going + to + verb
Uses  to express the future when we intend to do something or have decided to do
something but did not arrange it. It is just an intention.
 predictions in the future

Future Plan
(Present Continuous)
Affirmative He is traveling to Egypt next week.
Negative He is not traveling to Egypt next week.
Interrogative Is he traveling to Egypt next week?
Form to be (in the simple present) + verb + ing
 Uses  when we say what we have planned and arranged to do at a specific time in
the future. These are fixed plans with definite time and/or place.

Future Continuous
Affirmative She will be listening to music.
Negative She will not be listening to music.
Interrogative Will she be listening to music?
Form will + be + verb + ing
Uses  action that is going on at a certain time in the future
 action that is sure to happen in the near future

Future Perfect
Affirmative He will have spoken.
Negative He will not have spoken.
Interrogative Will he have spoken?
Form will + have + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past
participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart. This is a list
of irregular verbs)
Uses  action that will be finished at a certain time in the future

Future Perfect Continuous

Affirmative You will have been studying.
Negative You will not have been studying.
Interrogative Will you have been studying?
Form will + have + been + verb + ing
Uses  action taking place before a certain time in the future
 putting emphasis on the course of an action

Conditional Simple
Affirmative We would relax.
Negative We would not relax.
Interrogative Would we relax?
Form would + verb
Uses  action that might take place

Conditional Continuous
Affirmative He would be writing.
Negative He would not be writing.
Interrogative Would he be writing?
Form would + be + verb + ing
Uses  action that might take place
 putting emphasis on the course / duration of the action

Conditional Perfect
Affirmative He would have written.
Negative He would not have written.
Interrogative Would he have written?
Form would + have + past participle (past participle of regular verbs: verb + ed | Past
participle of irregular verbs: forms differ and should be learned by heart This is a list
 of irregular verbs)
Uses  action that might have taken place in the past

Conditional Perfect Continuous

Affirmative She would have been sleeping.
Negative She would not have sleeping speaking.
Interrogative Would she have been sleeping?
Form would + have + been + verb + ing
Uses  action that might have taken place in the past
 puts emphasis on the course / duration of the action

Exercise: 7.
Underline the Verbs in the following sentences and identity the tense form.
1. The birds were singing sweetly. _____________________________
2. I haven’t met him in a long time._____________________________
3. She stopped me from entering her room.______________________
4. I want to be a space scientist._______________________________
5. I am reading an interesting novel.____________________________
6. I hadn’t heard anything from them.__________________________
7. I will be thinking of you. _________________________________
8. They will have left. _______________________________________
9. He will definitely come. ___________________________________
10. She wanted to win the first prize. ___________________________
11. Somebody has let the cat in. ______________________________
12. Get the cat off the piano. _________________________________
13. It has been raining for hours. ______________________________

Topic: Right Form of the Verbs

Rule-1
Subject যদি third person singular number হয় এবং উক্ত বাক্যটি যদি Present indefinite tense হয় তবব verb- এর
সদহত s/es যযাগ হবব।
(a) The boy (go)—to school regularly.
Rule-2
Present indefinite tense-এ Subject third person singular number হওয়া সবেও can, must, should এর পবর verb-
এর সদহত s/es যযাগ হবব না।
(a) The man can (do)—the work.
Rule-3
ব্রাবক্বি (be) থাক্বে person, number এবং tense অনুযায়ী am/is/are/Was/were/been হবব.
(a) Allah (be)—everywhere.
Rule-4
Sentenceটি Passive Voice হবে can, could, may, might,
shall, should, will, would, must, need, dare, used to, ought to প্রভৃ দত Modal Auxiliary Verb-এর পবর be+ Verb-
এর past participle form হয়।
(a) The work can (do) ……. immediately.
Rule-5
Sentence যদি universal truth (দিরন্তন সতয), Habitual fact (অভযাসগত ক্র্)ম ইতযাদি বুঝায় তাহবে sentenceটি
Present Indefinite Tense হয়।
(a) The earth (move)—round the sun.
Rule-6
যযসব Sentence-এ যক্াবনা সর্বয়র উবেখ থাবক্ না এবং র্াবঝর্বযয generally, usually, ordinarily, normally,
always, Sometimes, Often, daily, everyday, regularly, বযবহ্নত হয় যসগুবো Present Ind. Tense হয়।
(a) Sabiha (learn)—her lessons regularly.
Rule-7
বতমর্াবন িেবে এর্ন যক্াবনা ক্াজ বুঝবে present Continuous Tense হয়। (এসব যেবে সাযারণত Now, at
present, at this moment ইতযাদি বযবহার ক্রা হয়।
(a) They (go)—to mosjid now
Rule-8
Sentence-এ yesterday, ago, long ago, last week, last year, last month, that day, day before yesterday প্রভৃ দত
অতীত দনবিম শক্ শব্দ থাক্বে তা Past Indefinite Tense হবব ।
(a) The boy (go)—home yesterday.
Rule-9
Let, had rather, had better, would better, do not, does not, need not, did not, did never ইতযাদির পবর Verb-এর
present form হয় ।
(a)He did not (go) ……. to college yesterday.
Rule-10
Sentence-এ have/has থাক্বে Sentenceটি present perfect Tense হবব।
She has (write)_a letter to her mother.
I have (have)__my meal.
Rule-11
Sentence-এ just, just now, already, recently, lately, ever, yet ইতযাদি থাক্বে তা present perfect Tense হয়।
(a) Rabeya (take)—her dinner just now.
Rule-12
To- এর পবর Verb- এর present form হয়।
(a) She went to New Market to (buy)—a dress.
Rule-13
‘Since’ বা ‘for’ এর পবর সর্য় উবেখ থাক্বে senteneটি present perfect Continuous Tense হবব।
(a) It (rain)—for two hours.

Rule-14
If যুক্ত causeটি Present Indefinite tense হবে অপর Clauseটি Future Indefinite Tense হয়; অথাৎ
ম [If +Present
Indefinite+Future Indefinite]
(a) If you walk slowly, you (miss)—the train.
Rule-15
with a view to/look forward to এর পবর Verb এর সদহত ing যযাগ হয়।
(a)I looked forward to (stand)—first in the class.
Rule-16
By-এর পবর Verb এর সদহত ing যযাগ হয়।
(a) By (dig)—a deeper hole, Jerry planted a tree.
Rule-17
in/of/for/with/without/before/after প্রভৃ দত Peposition- এর পবর Verb এর সদহত ing যযাগ হয়।
(a) I could not live without (help)—the poor.
Rule-18
Sentence এ ‘to be’/having/got থাক্বে র্ূে Verb এর Past participle হয়।
(a)I got the letter (write)—by him.
Rule-20
lf/Had যুক্ত clauseটি Past Indefinite Tense হবে অপর clause-এর Subject-এর পবর would/could/might ববস এবং
Verb -এর Present Form ববস।
(a) If he requested me, I (go)— there.
(b) Had I much money, I (establish)—a college.
Rule-21
Sentence-এ যদি as if, as though ইতযাদি থাবক্ তাহবে বন্ধনীস্থ (be) এর স্থবে were ববস।
(a) He speaks as if he (be)—the owner of the farm.
Rule-22
Sentence-‰ each, every, everyone, anyone, any, many a, everybody, everything, anybody, nobody, no one,
nothing, anything, something, someone, one of, either, neither ইতাদি থাক্বে verb-এর Singular Number হয়।
(a) Every mother (love)—her child.
(b) One of the students (be)—very brilliant.
Rule-23
While-এর টিক্ পরই ব্রাবক্বির র্বযয যয Verb থাবক্ তার সবে ing যযাগ হয়। দক্ন্তু While-এর পবর Subject
থাক্বে While-এর অংশটি Past Continuous Tense হয়।
(a) While (walk)—in the garden, a snake bit him.
Rule-24
এক্ই দির্ঘযম . পদরর্াণ বা স্থান যবাঝাবে Subject যিখবত Plural হবেও verb এর Singular Number হয়।
(a) Twenty miles (be)—not a great distance now a days.
Rule-25
Main Clause-এর Verbটি Past Tense-এর হবে এবং পবরর অংবশ next day, next week, next month, next year
ইতযাদি উবেখ থাক্বে Subject-পবর would/should ববস এবং Verb –এর Present Form হয়।
(a) He said that he (go)…….. home the next day.
Rule-26
After এর পবর এবং before এর পূববরম clauseটি past perfect tense হয় এবং অনয clauseটি past indefinite tense
হয়।
(a) The doctor (come)__before the patient came.
Rule-27
Sentenceটি Passive voice হবে Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ও Verb-এর Past participle বসাবত হবব
এবং gap-এর পবর Subject থাক্বে by বসাবত হবব।
(a) English (speak)_all over the world.

Exercise: 8.1
Complete the following sentences using an appropriate verb form.

1. I …………………………… thirty-seven next month. (be)

2. This time tomorrow, I ………………………… (write) my exam.

3. The parents ……………… asleep but the child …………….. awake. (be)

4. She ………….…….. (work) here for ten years.

5. Mahmud ………….……. (enjoy) swimming in the sea.

6. He realized that the clock …….………….. (stop)

7. I …………………. in 2001. (graduate)

8. Last evening when I ……………… (meet) them they ………………. (go) to the movies.

9. I ……………….. (study) English for ten years now.

10. Where ………………… they ……………. (go) for their holiday last year?

Exercise: 8.2
Complete the following sentences using an Right Form of Verb:

(a)His father (come)—home every week.

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(b)He (be)___a student of NPI in2015.
Ans:
(c). He did not (come) ……. to university yesterday.
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(d) It may (rain) ______today.
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(e) She had (have)__her meal.
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(f) Have you ever (be)__ to the zoo?
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(g)She already (reach)—home.
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(h) The man (go)—London last week.
Ans:
(i) We (live)—in Dhaka since 1986.
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(j) If he (come)—here, I will go there with him.
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(k) If he works hard, he (shine)—in life.
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(l) She (wait)—you for two hours.
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(m) I am looking forward to (get)—your reply.
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(n) Answer the questions by (write)—one point of information.
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(o) After (take)—my meal I will go out.
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(p) Now the students (answer)—the question.
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(q) We have to (realise)—the importance of English.
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(r) If I had the wings like a bird, I (fly)—in the sky.
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(s) Each of the boys (be)—present yesterday.
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(t) While (sleep)—in his room, he dreamt a nice dream.
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(u) Twenty dollars (be)—not sufficient in line
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(v) The doctor came after the patient (die)_____.
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 Topic: Prefix and Suffix
Prefix
A prefix is a group of letters placed before the root of a word. For example, the word "unhappy" consists of the
prefix "un-" [which means "not"] combined with the root (stem) word "happy"; the word "unhappy" means "not
happy.
Suffix
A suffix is a group of letters placed after the root of a word. For example, the word flavorless consists of the
root word "flavor" combined with the suffix "-less" [which means "without"]; the word "flavorless" means
"having no flavor."
Bank of Prefixes:
de- ex- im- mis- pre- un-
dis- il- in- non- re- with-
Use from the bank of prefixes to complete each word. There may be more than one answer for some words:
____ fix ____ sense ____ draw ____ happy

____ mind ____ pert ___ visible ____ respect

____ equal ____ legal ____ view ____ fiction

____ prove ____ frost ___ logical ____ ceed

____ lucky ____ lead ____ play ____ fat

____ fair ____ gust ____ code ____ hold

____ place ____ usual ____ trieve __ portant

____ flex ____ cellent

Bank of Prefixes:
de- ex- in- non- pro- un-
dis- im- mis- pre- re- uni-
Use from the bank of prefixes to complete each word. There may be more than one answer for some words.
____ honest ____ well ____ certain ____ behave

____ agree ____ kind ____ fect ____ trust

____ tidy ____ obey ____ lead ____ please

___ possible ____ appear ____ vise ____ connect

____ pair ____ allow ____ pel ____ friendly

____ wind ____ serve ____ fess ____ chief

____ duce ____ pert ____ ject ____ corn

____ hale ____ proper

Bank of Prefixes and Suffixes:
dis- im- re- -able -ful -ly
 il- pre- un- -al -ion -y
Use the bank of prefixes and suffixes to complete each word. There may be more than one answer for some
words.
Prefix - Root Word - Suffix Prefix - Root Word - Suffix

____cover____ ____predict____

____like____ ____proper____

____agree____ ____success____

____logic____ ____comfort____

____order____ ____equal____

____expected____ ____construct____

____act____ ____reason____

____luck____ ____honor____

____trust____ ____usual____

____connect____ ____new____

Bank of Prefixes and Suffixes:

dis- im- mis- -able -ance -ion -ment
un-
il- in- re- -al -ful -ly -y
Use the bank of prefixes and suffixes to complete each word. There may be more than one answer for some
words.
Prefix - Root Word - Suffix Prefix - Root Word - Suffix

____place____ ____enforce____

____law____ ____arrange____

____legal____ ____develop____

____mature____ ____taste____

____taken____ ____finite____

____humane____ ____act____

____assign____ ____help____

____health____ ____know____

____account____ ____appear____

____live____ ____avoid____
Quantifiers & Causative Sense of verb
Definition A quantifier is a word or phrase which is used before a noun to indicate the amount or quantity:
‘Some', 'many', 'a lot of' and 'a few' are examples of quantifiers.
Quantifiers can be used with both countable and uncountable nouns
Singular  Every: You make me laugh every time you lie.
Countable  Each: I will talk to each person individually.
Nouns  Either: Shevchenko could shoot very well with his either foot.
 Neither: He is lucky, neither foot showed anything wrong.
With  plenty of: We have plenty of gas, it should be enough.
Uncountable  a lot of / lots of: I've got a lot of cash on me.
Nouns  enough: We have enough gas, you don't have to worry.
 any: Did you spend any cash? No, I didn't spend any.
 some: She needs some fatherly advice.
 a little: Give me a little money before you go.
 less / more: You spend less time and lose more weight.
 much: We don't have so much water in the tank.
 a bit of: Can I have a bit of your chocolate?
With Plural  A Few: I gave him a few candies.
Countable  Fewer: Fewer shops accept checks nowadays.
Nouns  Many: They got married many years ago.
 Great Many: Both sides had great many casualties in that war.
 Several: Several buildings were damaged in the earthquake.
 A Number of: A number of students failed the class.
 plenty of: We have plenty of hot dogs, it should be enough.
 a lot of / lots of: I've got a lot of candies.
 enough: We have enough hot dogs but we need more buns.
 any: Did you buy any hot dogs? Yes, five of them.
 some: She needs to buy some books.

Note few, very few mean that there is not enough of something.
a few means that there is not a lot of something, but there is enough.

little, very little mean that there is not enough of something.

a little means that there is not a lot of something, but there is enough.

All Nouns All, enough, more/most, less/least, no/none, not, any, some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of
None Causative Verb Causative Verb
Eat (খোওয়ো) Feed (খোওয়োড়নো)
Learn (ছ খো) Teach (ছ খোড়নো)
Know (জোনো) Inform (জোনোড়নো)
Fall (পড়ে যোওয়ো) Fell (শেড়ল শেওয়ো)
See (শেখো) Show (শেখোড়নো)
Rise (উঠো) Raise (উঠোড়নো)
Remember (স্মরণ করো) Remind (স্মরণ কছরড়য় শেয়ো)
Fly, boil, walk, grow Fly, boil, walk, grow
ছনছেিষ্ট Causative Verb গুড়লো োেো অনযোনয Verb গুড়লোড়ক (have/make/get) দ্বোরো Causative করড়ে হয়।
Contraction
Rewrite the following sentences by replacing the contracted forms with their full forms.

1. We’re selling a lot of copies of your book.

Ans:
2. Let’s eat.
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3. We’ll have to put off our visit to Scotland.
Ans:
4. I’d like him to explain his decision to us.
Ans:
5. He’s already come.
Ans:
6. Ok, then, I won’t expect you till midnight.
Ans:
7. There’s only six weeks left before Christmas.
Ans:
8. She’d look nicer if she didn’t wear so much make-up.
Ans:
9. She’s thinking of going to university next year.
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10. He says that he’s finished.
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11. You won’t be late, will you?
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12. She was depressed because she didn’t know what to do.
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13. I don’t know what to do.
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14. It doesn’t matter broken the stick.
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15. I’ve just entered into the class room.
Ans:
 Topic: Voice Change

a) Active voice এর subject দি passive voice এর object হর্য় যায়।

b) Active voice এর object দি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
Definition দিয়া প্রোর্শর ভদিমার্েই voice বা বাচয বর্ে।
Voice কয sentence এ subject দন্র্জ সদিয় বা active হর্য় োজ সম্পন্ন ের্র কস
িু ই 1.Active voice I do the work
sentence এ verb এর Active voice হয়।
প্রোর।
কয sentence এ subject দন্র্জ োজদি ের্র ন্া বরং object এর োজদি
2. Passive voice. The work is done
তার ওপর এর্স পর্ে তখন্ কস sentence এ verb এর passive voice হয়। by me.
c) মূ ে verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অন্ু সার্র auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

Tense Present Past Future

Indefinite am, is, are Was, were Shall be , will be
Continuous Am being, is being, are being Was being, were being Shall be being, will be being
Perfect Have been, has been Had been Shall have been, will have been
Note: 1. Active subject – passive object: I-me, We-us, He-him, You-you, She-her, They-them, Noun-him/her/it
2. Before object by/to is used.

Change of Pronoun(Active to Passive)

I Me
We Us
You You
He Him
She Her
They Them
It It

Rule-1
Present Indefinite I play football. Football is played by me.
Present Continuous He is writing a letter. A letter is written by him.
Present perfect They have finished the exam. The exam has been finished by them.
Past Indefinite Bangladesh won all matches. All matches were won by Bangladesh
Past Continuous I was going to Jatrabari. Jatrabari was being gone by me.
Past Perfect They had had the cake. The cake had been had by them.
Future Indefinite Kaiser Ali will go to America. America will be gone by Kaiser Ali.
Future Continuous He will be coming to University. University will be being come by him
Future Perfect Nusaiba will have eaten puishak. Puishak will have been eaten by Nusaiba.
Rule 2. May, might, can, could, Object এর subject + may, might, এর Active: I may help you.
must, পবর be + v3+ by + subject এর Passive: you may be helped by me.
object.
Rule 3. Imperative sentence: Structure: Active: close the door.
A) শুযু র্াে র্ূে verb দিবয় শুরু Let + object এর subject + be + v3 Passive: Let the door be closed.
B) Do not দিবয় শুরু Let not + object এর subject + be + v3 Active: Do not shut the window.
Passive: Let not the window be shut
C) Let এর পর যদি কোন্ বযদিবাচে Let + object এর subject + be + v3 + Active: let him tell the truth.
object (me, us, you, them, him, by + বযক্তক্তবািক্ object Passive: let the truth be told by him.
her) থাবক্
D) Never যুক্ত Let not + object এর subject + ever be Active: Never tell a lie.
+ v3 Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
E) র্ূে verb এর পর যদি যক্ান Let + direct object টি বসবব (র্ূে verb Active: Give me a glass of water.
বযক্তক্তবািক্ object (me, us, you, এর পর যয object টি থাবক্ + be + v3 Passive: Let a glass of water be
given for me.
them, him, her) থাবক্ + for +বযক্তক্তবািক্ object

Rule 4. A) Int. sentence যক্ Assertive sentence এ রুপান্তর Active: Have you eaten rice?
Interrogative ক্বর দনবত হবব + রুপান্তদরত Ass. এর act যথবক্ Assertive: You have eaten rice.
sentence
passive এ রুপান্তর ক্রবত হবব + এবার Assertive এর passive: Rice has been
eaten by you.
রুপান্তদরত pass voice এর aux verb টিবক্ প্রথবর্
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Has rice been eaten
বসাবত হবব + ?।
by you?
B) Who যুক্ত Who এর পদরববতম By whom + tense ও person Active: Who is playing football?
active voice যক্ অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + object এর subject + Passive: BY whom is football being
played?
passive অবনক্ সর্য় tense অনুযায়ী ক্তমার পবর be/
being/ been বসাবত হয় + V3+ ?.
C) Whom যুক্ত Whom এর পদরববতম who + tense ও person Active: Whom did you see on the road?
active voice যক্ অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + V3 + by + subject এর Passive: who was seen by you on the
passive object +? road?
D) What যুক্ত What + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + Active: What do you want?
active voice যক্ V3 + by + subject এর object +? Passive:What is wanted by you?
passive
 Exercise: 12.
Change them into the passive voice.
1. Your conduct surprises me. Ans:

2. You annoy me. Ans:

3. I know him. Ans:

4. The police have arrested the thief. Ans:

5. We have finished our work. Ans:

6. You should help the poor. Ans:

7. We could not find any survivors. Ans:

8. We should not look down upon the poor. Ans:

9. Please help me. Ans:

10. You may go now. Ans:

11. Sit quietly.Ans:

12. They say that God lives in every heart. Ans:

13. I am writing a report. Ans:

14. They have finished their work.Ans:

15. She has bought an expensive car. Ans:

16. They are sowing the seeds. Ans:

17. I have planted the saplings. Ans:

18. We are cooking dinner. Ans:

19. I made a cake in the morning. Ans:

20. She gave me some books. Ans:

21. I took him to the market.Ans:

22. She called me an idiot. Ans:

23. The cat drank all the milk. Ans:

24. They took him to the hospital. Ans:

25. He gave me a laptop. Ans:

Do or have!
Notes: Do and its forms does and did are used in the simple present and simple past tenses. Have and its forms
are used in the perfect and perfect continuous tenses. Note that after do, does and did, we use the first form
(infinitive) of the verb. After has, have and had we use the past participle form of the verb.

1. ……………………. you finished your homework?

2. ……………………. you know what you are doing?
3. She ……………………. not come yesterday.
4. …………………. you received the parcel?
5. I ………………….. not received the parcel yet.
6. ……………………. she have any friends?
7. He …………………… not have a job.
8. …………………….. you meet John yesterday?
9. She ………………….. not say anything.
10. I ………………… not like her.
11. I …………………. never met your mother.
12. …………………. he live here?
13. The boy said that he ………………………. not taken the money.
14. She ……………………….. not accept the invitation.
15. They …………………………. been informed.
16. ………………………… you want to go now?

Already, Yet & Still!

1. Are you __________ living in the same house?

2. My father has not come ______________.

3. When I went to bed, my sister was ____________ studying.

4. Is it ______________ raining?

5. Do you _____________ want to go to the party or have you changed your mind?

6. I have _______________ completed the job.

7. I have _______________ to hear from them.

8. He _____________ lives at the same address.

9. I __________________ practice the violin but I no longer play the piano.

 Synonym & Antonym
1. Read each word pair. Write an S next to word pairs that are synonyms or write an A next to
word pairs that are antonyms:

1. sit/stand 7. dull/boring 13. rare/uncommon 19.protect/defend

2. watch/view 8. teach/instruct 14. near/distant 20. buy/sell
3. work/play 9. hot/chilled 15. miniature/small 21. jump/leap
4. pal/friend 10. smelly/aromatic 16. angry/irate 22. book/tome
5. car/automobile 11. noisy/quiet 17. musical/melodious 23. inside/within
6. wild/tame 12. rapid/fast 18. lead/follow 24. hungry/full

2. Write a synonym and an antonym for each word. Use the words from the word box:
Destroy healthy difficult sob daring poor full moist factual similar
different false cowardly easy dry famished Rich destroy construct ill

Word Synonym Antonym Word Synonym Antonym

true hard
damp sick
cry wealthy
alike hungry
build brave

3. Write the correct antonym next to each word:

Dry pretty bad icy messy hard fast easy

friend rich noisy angry right small asleep
night
big enemy Happy quiet
good slow Soft wrong
wet difficult Poor hot
clean day ugly awake

4. Write the correct synonym next to each word:

Easy icy present toss bad fast noisy angry

Leap messy right stone handsome hard small friend
Loud tiny Quick Correct
Rock Cute Mad Difficult
Throw Cold Dirty gift
awful jump simple buddy
Make Wh-questions. One has been done for you.
Where / Rameen? Ans: Where is Rameen?
Exercise:
1. Why / you / angry? Ans:
2. Where / he? Ans:
3. Who /she? Ans:
4. Why / you / late? Ans:
5. Whose / this? Ans:
6. What / he / does? Ans:
7. Where / you / live? Ans:
8. How / you / do? Ans:
9. How old / you? Ans:
10. Who / your father? Ans:
11. Where / the post office? Ans:
12. Who / your / best friend? Ans:
13. Where / you / live? Ans:
14. How / the movie? Ans:
15. What time / train / arrive? Ans:
16. When / the concert? Ans:
Degree of the adjective
Notes: An English adjective can exist in three forms – positive degree, comparative degree and superlative
degree. Test your understanding of these forms with this exercise.
1. Raveena is ……………………… (tall) than her sister.

2. The Alps are the …………………………. (high) mountain ranges in Europe.

Ans:
3. The test was very ……………………. (easy)
Ans:
4. The test was ……………………. (easy) than I thought.
Ans:
5. She is ……………………. (old) than him.
Ans:
6. Who is the …………………. (tall) man in the world?
Ans:
7. I can run …………………… than you. (fast)
Ans:
8. Who is the …………………… runner in the class? (fast)
Ans:
9. Ravi’s house is as ………………….. (big) as Peter’s house.
Ans:
10. She took the …………………….. (strong) ropes to tie the bags together.
Ans:
11. This story is ……………………….. (interesting) than that story.
Ans:
 Topic: Abbreviation

Word Abbreviation Word Abbreviation Word Abbreviation

abbreviation abbr. et cetera (and so on) etc. Monsignor Msgr.
absent without
AWOL Fahrenheit F month mo.
leave
Academy Acad. February Feb. mountain mt.
altitude alt. foot ft. museum mus.
amplitude
AM Fort Ft. north N
modulation
frequency
anno Domini A.D. FM November Nov.
modulation
ante meridiem
A.M. gallon gal. number no.
(before noon)
apartment apt. General Gen. October Oct.
Association Assn. Governor Gov. ounce oz.
Greenwich Mean
August Aug. GMT page p.
Time
Avenue Ave. highway hwy. pint pt.
Bachelor of Arts B.A. hour hr plural pl.
Bachelor of Science B.S. id est (that is) i.e. population pop.
post meridiem (after
Before Christ B.C. inch in. P.M.
noon)
born (indicating a
b. incorporated inc. Professor Prof.
birth date)
Boulevard Blvd. January Jan. quart qt.
Captain Capt. Junior Jr. Road Rd.
Celsius, Centigrade C Kelvin K Registered Nurse R.N.
center ctr. kilogram kg revolutions per minute rpm
centimeter cm kilometer km second sec
century cent. Lake Lk. September Sept.
circa (approximate date) c. or ca. Lane Ln. Sergeant Sgt.
Colonel Col. library lib. Sister/senior Sr.
Corporal Cpl. latitude lat. south S
Corporation Corp. library lib. square sq
Court Ct. Lieutenant Lt. Station Sta.
cubic cu Limited Ltd. Street St.
department dept. longitude long. suite ste.
District of Columbia D.C. meter m Sunday Sun.
Doctor Dr. minute min Terrace Ter.
division div. Medical Doctor M.D. Turnpike Tpk.
Drive Dr. mile mi University Univ.
east E miles per hour mph United States of America USA
edition ed. milligram mg volume vol.
exempli gratia (for
e.g. millimeter mm weight wt.
example)
et alia (and others) et al. Mister Mr. west W
 Topic: Dialogue Writing

1. A dialogue between applicant and admission officer.

Student : Assalamualaikum. May I come in sir?

Admission Officer : Walaikumussalam. Yes come in. How can I help you?
Student : Sir I wish to get myself admitted in your University.
Admission Officer : Thank you. What’s your name and where do you live?
Student : I am Mithila and live at Horirampur in Manikganj.
Admission Officer : In which subject do you want to get admitted?
Student : Sir my aim in life is to be an engineer and at present CSE is the best, so I
would like to get myself admitted in CSE.
Admission Officer : Thank you for your grate desire. What was your GPA in HSC?
Student : I have cut golden (A+) from Manikganj Technical College.
Admission Officer : Congratulations!!! You have cut not only golden A+ but 100% free
engineering scholarship from NPIUB.
Student : Thank you a lot sir. What is the last date of admission and what will I bring
for admission purpose?
Admission Officer : Last day of this month and you will bring all the documents and Tk1000 for
admission form.
Student : Thank you sir.

2. A dialogue between a salesman and a customer.

Shimul : Assalamualaikum. Good morning.

Salesman : Walaikumussalam Good morning sir. How can I help you?
Shimul : I wish to buy a computer.
Salesman : What type of computer would you like sir?
Shimul : I need a latest version ASUS CPU with SAMSUNG monitor.
Salesman : Thank you. It is available you can see.
Shimul : What is price of 17” monitor, 500GB Hard Disk and 64GB RAM of ASUS?
Salesman : Total cost will be 35000/- along with A4Tech wireless Mouse and
Keyboard.
Shimul : I can pay you 30,000/-
Salesman : Please I can’t sell it without 32,000/-
Shimul : Ok. Take this money and pack all the items after checking.
Salesman : Thank you sir. Please come again.

Picture Description
Do:
Look at your picture carefully and take a few moments to think before you start talking.
Talk for all the time you are given. If you have one minute to do the task, use every second.
Practise the useful language below so you can explain which part of the picture you are talking about.

Don’t:
Panic if you don’t know the words for all the things in the picture. You don’t need to know all the words for
everything in the picture if you know what to say when you don't know an exact word.
Get distracted and start talking about something else. Focus on the photo or picture.
Panic if your mind goes blank. Take a deep breath, look at the picture and start again.
If you are asked to describe a photo or a picture in the exam, here is some language you can use:

1. What is in the picture? 2.Say what is happening with the present continuous

In the picture I can see ... The man is ...ing

There’s / There are ... The people are ...ing
There isn’t a ... / There aren’t any ... It’s raining.

3. Where in the picture?

At the top/bottom of the picture ... If something isn’t clear
In the middle of the picture ...
On the left/right of the picture ... It looks like a ...
next to It might be a ...
in front of He could be ...ing
behind Maybe it’s a ...
near
on top of
under

Chart Description
List with phrases to describe charts
1. The bar chart is about ...
2. The bar chart deals with ...
3. The line graph (clearly) shows ...
4. The slices of the pie chart compare the ...
5. The chart is divided into ... parts.
6. It highlights ...
7. ... has the largest (number of) ...
8. ... has the second largest (number of) ...
9. The number ... increases/goes up/grows by ...
10. The number ... decreases/goes down/sinks by ...
11. The number ... does not change/remains stable
12. I was really surprised/shocked by the ...
13. So we can say ...
 Job Application

31/05/2017

The Registrar

ABC University of Bangladesh

Sonapur, Nurpur, Islampur

Jamalpur-2000

Subject: Application for the post of Lecturer in English.

Dear Sir,

In response to your advertisement I would like to apply myself as a candidate for the above mentioned post. I
hope my qualification and experience will fulfill your requirements. I have obtained Bachelor of Arts in English
literature; and I have successfully completed Master of Arts in English Language Teaching (ELT) from
Daffodil International University. Howsoever, I am interested to welcome teaching profession in such
institution.

The details of my education, work history and experiences are given in the enclosed resume with two copies of
my recent photograph as well as the photocopy papers of all academic documents and professional experiences.
I would enjoy an opportunity to meet with you and learn more. I am looking forward to hear from you in
anticipation.

Thank you

Respectively yours

……………………

Jamilur Rahman Gostaki

 Joining Letter

10/06/2017

Manager

Human Resource Department

Hawlader Telecommunication Limited

Dreamland.

Sub: Letter of joining

Dear Sir,

I have honor to inform you that I am joining the bank from today as an Executive Engineer in response
to your appointment letter dated 05 June, 2017, Ref no. AAA/HRD/OFF-589.

Therefore, I request you to accept my joining letter.

Regards,

______________

Md. Kaiser Ali

 Resignation Letter

16/06/2017
Mr. Kaiser Ali
Managing Director
Hawlader Telecommunication Ltd
Utopia
Dreamland

Dear Mr. Kaiser

This letter is to formally announce and inform to you my resignation from Hawlader
Telecommunication Ltd. Therefore my last day of employment will be June 30th 2017.

I have truly appreciated your guidance and friendship during my employment; however I feel that it is
time for me to move on in my career.

In the meantime please let me know if Please let me know if any help I can provide you during this
shifting period.

I wish you and the company good luck and continued success.

Yours sincerely,

M. Hasinur Rahman
Deputy Director