JEE Main Exercise

1. (B)
Magnitude of velocity at centre of oscillation
2 2
 A  A  0.2  40  m s
T 0.01

2. (A)
F  10x  k  10 N m
k 10
    10 rad s 2
m 0.1
Speed, at mean position, vmax  A   6 m s
6 6
 A   0.6 m
 10

3. (C)
A  10 mm and   2 / T  2 / 2   rad s
Let x  A sin  t     10sin  t   
At t  0, x  5 mm
 5  10sin    6
 x  10sin  t   6 

4. (D)
vmax  0.04 ms 1
At x  0.02 m, a  0.06 ms 2
 0.06  0.02 2    3 rad s 1
 T  2   3.63 s .
vmax  A
0.04
 A  vmax    2.31 102 m
3

5. (A)
v   A2  x 2
  
 v12  2 A2  x12 and v22  2 A2  x22 

 v12  v22  2 x22  x12 
2 x2  x2 52  42
 T  2 22 12  2   sec
 v1  v2 102  82

6. (B)
In SHM, a   kx and v   A2  x2   A2  a2 k 2
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  v 2  (2 k 2 )a 2  2 A2
Graph of v 2 vs a2 is a straight line with negative slope and positive y-intercept.

7. (D)
From the phasor diagram, it is clear that moving from point P to Q, the vector OP traces an angle of
 3   3  2  3 at the centre.

8. (D)
Let the particle start from x = 0.
A 
Then, x  A sin t . At x  , t 
2 6
2  T
 t t
T 6 12

9. (A)
Let the particle start from x = A.
A 
Then, x  A cos t At x  , t 
2 3
2  T
 t t
T 3 6

10. (A)
At t  0, x  0 and v  A 
At t  T 2, x  0 and v   A
v  A  A 2 A 2 A2
aav    
t T 2  

11. (D)
2 2
1 1  2   A
E m2 A2  m   A2  E 
2 2 T  T 
If A and T are doubled, E remains same.
 E  E

12. (B)
1 2 1  F  2 F
F  kx and U  kx   x   x
2 2 x  2

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 2U
 x0
F

13. (D)
 ax 
U  U 0 1  cos ax   U 0  2sin 2  
 2 
2 2
 ax   ax  a 2U 0 2
For small x, U  2U 0       x  k  a 2U 0
 2   2  2
m m
 T  2  2 2
k a U0

14. (C)
2
1 1  2 
E  m2 A2  m   A2
2 2 T 
T 2E  2  0.04
 A 
2 m 2 0.5
 0.2 m  20 cm

15. (C)

A 1  A 11  E
At x  , U  k     kA2  
2 2 2 42  4
3E
 K  E U 
4

16. (C)
E
K  U and K  U  E  U 
2
1 2 11 2
 kx   kA 
2 22 
A
k
2

17. (C)
Kav  Kmax 2  Kmax  2 Kav  2  5  10 J
In equilibrium position, K  Kmax  10 J and U  15 J
 E  K  U  10 15  25 J .
Not that in equilibrium position, potential energy is minimum. Generally, we take it as zero but can
be taken as any other constant value.

18. (C)
U  2  20 x  5x2
 F    dU dx   10 x  20  10  x  2 
Since, F   x  2  with negative sign, the particle oscillates in SHM with x = 2 as mean position.
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 Here, x = –3 is one extreme position.
The other extreme position is x  2   2   3    7 .

19. (A)
From the given conditions, we can write
x  A sin t and y  A sin  t   2 
 x 2  y 2  A2 which is the equation of a circle.

20. (B)
4 cos 2 0.5t sin1000t  2 1  cos t  sin1000t
 2sin1000t  sin1001t  sin 999t
Therefore, the resultant is superposition of 3 independent harmonic motions.

21. (A)
The ratio of time period of two pendulums is 1:5/4 = 4:5. So, ratio of frequency is 5:4.
When small pendulum has completed 5 oscillations, the larger has completed 4 oscillations and they
will be again in same phase.

22. (A)
The ratio of time periods is 100 : 121  10 :11 and hence, ratio of frequency is 11:10.
The two pendulums will be in same phase at mean position again after the larger pendulum has
completed 10 oscillations.

23. (C)
The net force on the bob in liquid is
F  mg   f Vg  mg  mg 2  mg 2 .
The effective acceleration is g  g 2 . It’s time period is
l l
T   2  2  2 T  2 2 sec.
g g 2

24. (D)
Time taken to complete first 1/4 oscillation from x = 0 to x = A is T/4 and the second 1/8 oscillation
from x = A to x = A/2 is T /6.
Hence, time taken to complete
1 1 3 T T 5T
  oscillation is  
4 8 8 4 6 12

25. (D)
1 1 2R
T  2  2  2
1 1  1 1 3g
g   g  
L R  2R R 

26. (A)
m x0
In equilibrium, kx0  mg or 
k g

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 m x0 9.8  102 2
 T  2  2  2  sec
k g 9.8 10

27. (B)
Let k  be the spring constant of the longer piece. Then spring constant of shorter piece is 2k  . The
two together in series has spring constant k.
1 1 1 3
   
k k  2 k  2k 
3k
 k 
2

28. (A)
Effective spring constant is
k  2k 2
keff   k
k  2k 3
m 3m
 T  2  2
keff 2k

29. (A)
keq  Parallel [Series (2k, 2k), Parallel (k, k)]
= Parallel [k, 2k] = 3K
m m
 T  2  2
keq 2K

30. (C)
For the two systems, the equivalent spring constants are respectively
k1 
k k k
 and k2 
 k  k   k  2k
k k 2 k  k   k 3
1 k f1 k k/2 3
As f  ,  1  
2 m f 2 k2 2k / 3 2

31. (D)
In equilibrium, if x0 is the stretch in the spring, then kx0  m2 g

When the system is displaced by x from equilibrium position, we have

m1a  T  k  x0  x  and m2a  m2 g  T
  m1  m2  a  m2 g  kx0  kx  kx
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 k
 
m1  m2

32. (A)
Let the maximum downward displacement of the block be x.
The additional extension in the spring will be 2x.
Applying energy conservation, we have
K  U spring  U gravity  0
1
 0  k  2 x  x0   x02   Mgx  0
2
2  
 
 k 4 x 2  4 x0  2Mgx
Mg
 x  x0
2k
Note that the amplitude of oscillation will be x 2 .

33. (A)
I
T  2 Here, m  M  M  2 M ,
mg d
3L ML2 4
d and I   ML2  ML2
2 3 3
4 ML2 / 3 8L
 T  2  2
2 Mg 3L / 4 9g

34. (B)
I
T  2
Mg d

R MR 2 R 3MR 2
Here, d  and I  M  
2 2 2 4
3ML2 / 4 3R
 T  2  2
MgR / 2 2g

35. (C)
 mm m
T  2 where,   
k mm 2
m
 T  2
2k

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36. (6.28)

37. (2.4)

38. (59.26)
m m
T  2  2
keff . 2k
42 m 22m
or T2  or k
2k T2
2
 22 
2     12 2
 7   22 
 k  6     59.26 Nm 1
4  7 

39. (50)
In SHM,
1
Total energy, E  m1 A2
2
1
Kinetic energy, K  m2 A2  x 2
2
 
Where x is the distance from the mean position.
At x = 0.707 A
1 1
K  m2  A2   0.707 A   m2 0.5 A2
2 
2
 2  
As per question, E  100 J
1 
 K  0.5  m2 A2   0.5  100 J  50 J
2 

40. (20)
Here, m = 4 kg, k = 800 Nm1 ; E = 4 J
1
In SHM, total energy is E  kA2 , where A is the amplitude of oscillation.
2
1
 4   800  A2
2
1
or A  m  0.1m
10
Maximum acceleration,
k  k 
amax.  2 A  A    
m  m 
800 Nm1
  0.1m  20 ms 2 .
4 kg

41. (2)
L
T  2
g

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 i.e., time period of a simple pendulum depends upon effective length and acceleration due to gravity,
not no mass.
So, T  2sec .

42. (4)
x  4  cos t  sin t 
 1 1 
 4 2 cos t  sin t 
 2 2 
   
 4 2 sin cos t  cos sin t 
 4 4 
   
 4 2 sin t cos  cos t sin 
 4 4
 
 4 2 sin  t  
 4
Hence, the amplitude of particle is 4 2 .

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1. (B)

2. (A)

3. (D)

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4. (B)

5. (C)

6. (D)

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7. (B)

8. (B)

9. (D)

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10. (B)

11. (C)
From the two mutually perpendicular S.H.M.’s, the general equation of Lissajous figure,

12. (D)

13. (D)

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14. (C)

15. (A)

16. (None)

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17. (C)

18. (C)

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19. (B)

20. (C)

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21. (D)

22. (A)

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23. (A)

24. (C)

25. (A)

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26. (A)

27. (B)

28. (C)

29. (D)

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30. (C)

31. (B)

32. (2)

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33. (8)

34. (7)

35. (5)

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36. (2)

37. (2)

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38. (5)

39. (10)

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40. (700)

41. (16)

42. (1)

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 IN CHAPTER EXERCISE 1
SOLUTION
1. 0.5 s

5  5sin t, sin t  1  sin
2
1
or t  s = 0.5 s
2

2. x = 4sin10πt
amplitude = 4 cm; frequency , v = 5 Hz
angular frequency,   2v  10 rad s-1
At t = 0, 0  a sin  or   0
Use x  a sin(t  )

3. (i) 8 cm s-2 (ii) 4 cm s-2

42
=  A 2 A
2
(i) acceleration
T

42 2
= 2  2 cms

= 8 cm s-2

4 2
= x
2
(ii) acceleration x
T2

42 2
= 2  1cm s

= 4 cm s-2

4. (a) 0.02 m (b) 4s

(c) 3.142 × 10-2 m s-1 (d) 4.94 × 10-2 ms-2
Comparing with x  Asin(t  0 ) , we get
(a) A= 0.02 m
 2 
(b)   0.5  ;  or T = 4s
2 T 2

(c) v max  A  0.02  ms1 = 0.01× 3.142 ms-1 = 3.142 × 10-2 ms-1
2

1
 2 484  0.02 2
(d) a max  2 A   0.02 ms 2 = ms = 4.94 × 10-2 ms-2
4 49  4

IN CHAPTER EXERCISE 2
SOLUTION
1. (i) 4.4 × 10-5 J (ii) 3.3 × 10-5 J (iii) 1.1 × 10-5 J

1 1 4 2
Total energy = m2 2
A   0.2   (2  102 )2 J
2 2 36
= 4.4 × 10-5 J

1 1 42
Kinetic energy = m2 (a 2  x 2 ) =  0.2  [4  104  1  10 4 ]J
2 2 36
= 3.3 × 10-5 J
Potential energy = (4.4 × 10-5 – 3.3 × 10-5) J
= 1.1 × 10-5 J

A 3
2. (i) (ii) ± A
2 2

1 1
(i) k(A2  x2 )  kx 2
2 2

1
(ii) when v  v max
2
1 1
K.E.  (K.E.)max  kA2
4 8
1 1
 k(A2  x2 )  kA2
2 8

3. (a) 0.314 ms-1 (b) 0.1 J (c) 0.1 J (d) 0.083 J

22
(a) v max  A  2.5  102  2   2 ms1 = 0.314ms-1
7
1 1 1
(b) E  m2A2  mv 2max =  2  0.314 J = 0.1 J
2 2 2
(c) Maximum potential energy = 0.1 J
2
1 1  22  2 2 2 2
Kinetic energy = m (A  x ) =  2  2   2  [(2.5  10 )  (1  10 ) ]
2 2 2
(d)
2 2  7 
= 0.083 J

2
4. (a) v   A2  x 2
or v 2  2 (A 2  x 2 )

Now, 0.032  2 (A 2  0.042 )

and 0.042  2 (A 2  0.032 )

On simplification, A = 0.05 m and  = rad s-1
2
Time period, T   2s = 2 × 3.142 s = 6.284 s

1
(b) Energy = mA22
2
1
=  50  103  0.05  0.05  1  1J
2
= 6.25 × 10-5 J

IN CHAPTER EXERCISE 3
SOLUTION
1. 8.5 s

L T2 g1
T  2 , 
g T1 g2

10
Required time period =  3.4
1.6

2. The time period is independent of the mass of bob.

3. Due to electric force of attraction between the bob and the plate, the effective value of g shall
l
increase. Since T  2 therefore T shall decrease.
g
4. 0.16 ms-1
2
v  A = 0.05 ×
2
5. 0.02π ms-1 , 0.02π 2 ms-2
Time period = time taken in one oscillation = 2 s

v  A  2 
2

3
 2
2  2 
a  A2   
100  2 
IN CHAPTER EXERCISE 4
SOLUTION
1. 3.33 rad s-1
k

m

m(k1 + k 2 )
2. 2π
k 1k 2

k1k 2
The equivalent force constant is k  k
1 2

3. 0.54 s
Effective force constant = 40 Nm-1

0.3
Time period, T  2  s = 0.54 s
40

4. (a) 0.31 s (b) 20 ms-2 (c) 1.0 ms-1

m
(a) T  2
k

k
(b) max. acc.  A
m

k
(c) max. velocity = A
m

5. 1.1 × 102 N m-1, 36 kg

m 2 2 m
T  2 ; k
2k T2
Here m = 12 kg and T = 1.5 s
After the block has been placed on the tray, mass is (M + 12)kg.

Now, T  2  M  12
2k
4
 EXERCISE 1
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. D
7. C 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. D 12. D 13
C 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. B
20. C 21. B 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. A
26. C 27. C 28. B 29. (B) 30. (A) 31. (D)
32. (C) 33. (B) 34. (C) 35. (B) 36. (C) 37. (B)
38. (A) 39. (A) 40. (A) 41. (C) 42. (C) 43. (B)
44. (B) 45. (D)

SOLUTION
1. (A)
 
v  A  2 cos  2t  
 3

 
 v  v max.  cos  2t    1
 3

 
  2t    
 3
t = 1/3

2. (C)
a  A2
v
v  A   
A
v2
a  A 2
A
v2
a  'A' doubled  'a' halved
A

3. (D)
P.E.min at mean position = 5 J
T.E. = 9 J
max K.E. = 4 J
1
mA 22  4J
2
  200
2 
T  sec.
200 100
5
4. (A)
max. acceleration of plank should not exceed g
A2  g
A  10 /  2
a = g (when block leaves contact)

5. (D)
Particle starts from mean position.
  x  A sin(t)
at t = 1
 2 
x1  A sin  1
 8 
A
x1 
2
at t = 2
x2 = A
A
distance covered in 1st second =
2
A
distance covered in 2nd second  A 
2

1/ 2 1
ratio    2 1
1 2  1
1
2

6. (D)
Circular representation at t = 0
Phase difference = 2 / 3
Phase covered by each particle =  / 3
T T
Time taken   60 
360 6

7. (C)
For max distance Vres. = 0
v1 = v2
 x1 = x2
x1 + x2 = 20 cm
x1 = 10 cm
x 
Phase difference between x = 0 and x = x1    sin 1  1 
A


6

6
 
Phase difference between x = 0 and x = x 2    
6
Phase difference between x1 and x2 =  / 3

8. (D)
Let v0 is maximum velocity of each particle.
When particles are on opposite sides of x = 0, let their phase by + & – ( v P1  v B1  v 0 cos   1.2 )
When they cross each other let the phase be ,
v P2  v B2  v 0 cos   1.6
Phase travelled by Q is  + 
  
Phase travelled by P is       
2 2 
(Since 'P' goes to one extreme then comes back to cross Q)
since angular frequency is same, phase moved would also be same.
 
     
2 2

 
2
 
v P2  v 0 cos      1.6  v 0 sin 
2 

v 0  (1.2) 2  (1.6) 2
v0  2 m / s

9. (C) +A
From extreme to x = a/2 1
/3

phase covered = /3 A/2

60º /2
time taken = T/6 30º

a / 2 3a
 v  
T/6 T –A

10. (C)
1
K.E. at D = max K.E.
4
1 1
m2 (A 2  x 2 )   m2 A 2
2 4
3 'A '
x (CD) 
2
AE  2A  2R
A  2R
BD = 2CD

7
 3
 2 R  3R
2

11. (D)
Let v  A cos(t)
a   A2 sin(t)
v2 a2
 1
A 22 A 24
1 2
v2   a  A 22 Straight line with '–ve' slope
2

12. (D)
2 T 
Phase moved in T/8   
T 8 4
x  a sin(t)
a
x
2

13. (C)
2 x   A 2  x 2
x = 1, A = 2
2 1  4  1
 3
 3
frequency f  
2 2 

14. (B)
K in parallel = 2k
K in series = k/2

15. (C)
gel. = (g + a) when the elevator accelerates up.
L M
TP  2 TS  2
(g  a) k
TP - downwards, Ts - same

60º
16. (B)
l sin 60º

L sin 60º
T  2
g
m

8
17. (A)
3
y  sin(t)  3 cos(t)
 
y  2sin  t   60º
 3 1

A2  g g

(max. accl.)
A g

for maximum acceleration

 
y  max  sin  t    1
 3
 
t  
3 2

t 
6
 2
t
6 g

18. (C)
I
T  2
mga

3
mR 2
 2 2
mgR

3R
 2
2g

3
 2
g

L
For equivalent length of simple pendulum T  2
g
L=3

19. (B)
U  ax 2  bx 4
for equilibrium (mean position)
du
F  0  2ax  4bx 3  0
dx

2a
x = 0, x 
4b
9
 let y be the displacement from mean position
F  2ax  4bx 3
 a 
putting x  
 2b  y 
 
3
 a   a 
F  2a   y   4b   y 
 2b   2b 

 a    a a  
   y  2a  4b   y 2  2   y  
 2b    2b 2b  

 a  a a 
   y 
 2a  4b   4by 2
 4b.2 .y 
 2b  2b 2b 

a a 2
 2  .y  4b  4b.2 y 0
2b 2b
Fm  4ay

4a

m

20. (C)
Particle executes SHM of amplitude 'R'. Initially they col-
lide at the centre since their time periods are same
 GM 
 3
  
 R 
2mR  mR  3mA
R
 A ( A  new amplitude)
3

21. (B)
Suppose collision occurs at 

Phase covered by 1 is 1   –A O +A
2
  +A
Phase covered by 2 is 2    1
2 2
1  2 (T-same)  2
90º – 

  
   
2 2 2 –A



4

10
  3
phase 1  
2 4
T 3 3T
time taken   
2 4 8
22. (D)
m
T  2
k

m
T '  2
k
T' = T

23. (A)
g elevator  (g  a)

L
T2  2
ga
T1  T2

24. (B)
x  A sin(t)
 2 T 
x  Asin  
 T 12  a

x =A/ 2
1
K.E. 2 m (A  x ) 3
2 2 2

 
P.E. 1 1
m x
2 2

25. (A)
v max1  A (constant)
v max 2  2A  2v

26. (C)
T 2 
t   1sec
2 2 k

27. (C)
 
y1  sin    
 3
y 2  sin  t 
11
 Phaser A max  A12  A 22  2A1A 2 cos 

1
 1 1 2 
2
A max  3

28. (B)
y1  A sin t
y 2  A cos t

 
y1  y 2  2 A sin  t  
 4
1
 
2
energy  m 2 2A
2
 m 2 A 2

30. (A)
Let x  A sin(t) a   A2
da
  A3 cos(t)
dt
da
for max  cos t  1
dt

at x = 0
da
for min  cos t  0
dt
x  A

31. (D)
centre of mass falls as water comes out, then suddenly amount regainits original position as total of
water goes out.

32. (C)
L L
T  2  2 1
g g

mg
T  2
Ag
  density of liquid
  density of solid
 x Ag  L1Ag

12
 L
 L1


33. (B)
atteractive force b/w change and metal plate, geff increases.

34. (C)
1 1
K.E. = m 2 (A 2  x 2 ) T.E. = m 2 A 2  E
2 2
at x = A/2
1  A2 
K.E. = m 2  A 2  
2  4 

1 3 3E
= m 2 A 2  
2 4 4

35. (B)
k1l1  k 2l 2  k l total
l
k1   kl
4
k1  4k

m m T
T  2 new T '  2 
k 4k 2

36. (C)
mgx
2 
mL2
2
 mx 2
l
for minimum T is maximum

 mL2 2

 2  mx   x.2mx 
d  l
2

  0  mg  2
 
dx  mL2
2
 2  mx 
 l 

L L
x 
12 2 3
 
Super position of two SHM's in the same direction will be another SHM if their frequencies are
 1 3 
equal. Resultant equation of option (B) is y  5sin  t  tan 
 4

13
 
 
y  10cos  2t  
 6
dy  
 20 sin  2t  
dt  6
at t = 1/6

 
v p  20 sin   
3 6
= –0.628 m/s

39. (A)
y1  3sin(t)

 
y 2  4sin  t    3sin(t)
 2
using phasor method 4 5 4

 4
y 2  5sin  t  tan 1 
 3 
3  sin t 
4
phase difference   tan 1  
3

40. (A)
If particle motion starts from extreme
x  A cos(t)
at t   / 6

x  A cos  
6
V  Vmax sin(t)
t   / 6

V  Vmax sin  
6
Vmax
V
2
P  mv
mVmax m2E mE
 0  
2 2 2

41. (C)
2 2
1  2 
3 5
14
 Relative  = 1 – 2
 2 
time taken to come back in same phase  t   
rel

2 15
t1    7.5s
 2 2  53
  
3 5

42. (C)
Let the spring is further extended by y when the cylinder
is given small downward push. Then the restoring forces
on the spring are,
(i) Ky due to elastic properties of spring
(ii) upthrust = yAdg = weight of liquid displaced y
 Total restoring force = (K + Adg) y
 M  a   (K  Adg)y
Comparing with a   2 y, we get
 K  Adg  K  Adg
2   
 M  or M

 1 K  Adg
f   .
2 2 M

43. (B)
Maximum tension in the string is at lowest position.
Mv 2
Therefore T  Mg 
L

To find the velocity v at the lowest point of the path, we apply law of conservation of energy
i.e.
1
Mv 2  Mgh  MgL(1  cos ) [ h  L  x, h  L  L cos ]
2
or v 2  2 gL (1  cos )
x  L
or v  2 gL(1  cos )
 T  Mg  2 Mg (1  cos ) a
h
    Mv2/L
T  Mg 1  2  2sin 2   
  2 
Mg
   
2

T  Mg 1  4    [ sin( / 2)   / 2 for small amplitudes]

  2  

T  Mg[1   2 ]

a   a2
From figure   T  Mg 1     .
L   L  

15
44. (B)
The small block oscillates along the inclined plane with an amplitude A. As a result the
centre of mass of the system undergoes SHM along the horizontal direction:
mA sin t 1 m
xcm  cos 60º  A sin t
mM 2 mM
The acceleration of the C.M. is acm   2 xcm , along the horizontal while the net horizontal
force is  ( M  m)acm , which is equal to the force of friction acting on it.

45. (D)
When the spring undergoes displacement in the downward direction it completes one half
oscillation while it completes another half oscillation in the upward direction. The total time
period is:
m m
T  
k 2k

EXERCISE 2
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A, B, C, D
5. B, C, D 6. B, C, D 7. A, B 8. A, B, C
9. B, D 10. D 11. C, D 12. B, C, D
13. A, B, C 14. C 15. B, D 16. A, B, C, D
17. B 18. A, C 19. A, C 20. B, C
SOLUTION
1. (C)
-2A 1 2A
2 -A x=0 A +A
2
Phase dift of first particle from mean position is 450.
Phase dift of 2nd particle from mean position is 900.
Total phase difference = 90 + 45 = 135

2. (C) Projection on
Possible angles b/w PQ, P'Q, PQ', P'Q' are 750, 1650, y-axis
2850, 1950 & 1350 is not possible.
Q1 Q
o A/2 o
30 30
A4 45o
2
P P

16
3. (B)
v 2  108  9x 2
v 2  9(12  x 2 )
v 2   2 (A 2  x 2 )
3
amplitude A   12
acceleration a   2 x
at x = 3
a = –9 × 0.03
= – 0.27 m/s2
SHM about x = 0

4. (A, B, C, D)
The block loses contact with plank when the plank is at its amplitude
acceleration of block a b  g ( N  0)
acceleration of plank a p  a 2
to just leane A 2  g
10
the contact  
2

40  10 2
  5rad / sec
2
T
5
at lowest point of SHM.
g N = 2mg
upward acceleration of block = acceleration of plank
= A 2  g
g
at half waydown acceleration of block  
2
mg 3
N  mg   mg
2 2
At mean position, velocity in maximum a = 0
N = mg

5. (B, C, D)
v   A 2  y2
dy T
also v  v  0 at t 
dt 2
a   2 y  max at t  T
3
F = ma = 0 at t  T
4
17
 T
at t  v = 0  K.E. =0
2
 P.E. = T.E.

6. (B, C, D)
U  5x 2  20x
 dv
F  10  20 = 10(x  2)
dx
k = 10
F = 0 at x = 2 (mean position)
m
T  2
k

0.1
= 2
10

T
5

7. (A, B)
A
x  A sin(t)
2
 T
t   t
6 12
v
v  v 0 cos(t)  3 0
2
a 0
a  a 0 sin(t) 
2

8. (A, B, C)
1
m 2 A 2 = KEmax
2
1
m 2 (A 2  x 2 ) = 0.64 × KEmax
2
A 2  x 2  0.64A 2
x 2  0.36A 2
x = 0.6 A = 6 cm
1  A2 
K.E.  m 2  A 2 
2  4 

A
at x  5 
2

18
 3 1 3
K.E.  m 2 A 2  max P.E.
4 2 4

9. (B, D)
x = 3 sin 100 t + 8 cos2 50 t
= 3 sin 100 t + 4 + 4 cos 100 t
x = 5sin(100t  )  4  SHM
Amplitude = 5
maximum x = 5 + 4 = 9

10. (D)
a
a   2 x
Slope =  2
x
straight line x=0

11. (C, D)
x
 sin(t)
a
 y
 1    cos(t)
a
2
x2  y
 1    1  uniform circle
a2  a 

dx
vx   a cos(t)
dt
dy
v4   a sin(t)
dt

v  v 2x  v 42 = constant
distance  time

12. (B, C, D)
x2 v2
 1 ellipse
A 2 A 2 2
a   2 x  straight line
a2 v2
 1  ellipse
A 2 4 A 2 2

13. (A, B, C)
x2 v2
 1
A 2 A 2 2
at x = 0 v  A  1.0
19
 at v = 0 x = A = 2.5
4
2
T = 1.575
4
a   2A
= 40 cm/s2
v   A2  x2
v  4 (2.5) 2  (1) 2
= 4 5.25
= 2 21

14. (C)
y  A(1  cos 2t)
y  A(2sin t  )
A1 2

A2 1
V1 A11 A  2
 
V2 A2 2 2A  

a1 12 A1 2
 
a 2 22 A 2 1

15. (B, D)
Let x  Asin(t  )
at t = 0
A
x
2
 5
 ,
6 6
also v   v 0  v 0 cos( t  )
5

6
 5 
x  A sin  t  
 6 

  
x  A sin  t   
 2 3

 
= A cos  t  
 3

20
16. (A, B, C, D)
for equilibrium
kx = mg
x = 1 cm
if released from natural length
A = 2x = 2 cm
m
f  2 5
k
frequency doesn't depend on value of g.

17. (B)
The block has v0 at equilibrium
v0
A
0
v0
x sin( 0 t)
0
initial phase is zero
since the block is moving is +ve direction.

18. (A, C)
Distance of mean position from water level = immersed length
= maximum amplitude for equilibrium
  60  a  g  3Lag
maximum amplitude = L = immersed length = 20 cm
m
T  2
3ag

19. (A, C)
1
Average total energy = m2 A2
2
= maximum K.E.
v0
root mean square velocity =
2
mean velocity = 0

20. (B, C)
1
Average KE  m2 A 2 =Average P.E.
4
  2 f
1 1 2 2  1  cos 2t 
KE  m2 A2 cos2 ( t) = m A  
2 2  2 
fKE= 2 f

21
 EXERCISE 3
Comprehension - I

1. (B)
in experiment I
frequency = no. of oscillations/sec
20
= /s
60
1
= Hz
3

2. (C)
frequency is independent of amplitude

3. (B)
frequency is also independent of mass

4. (D)
particle stops at extreme so it drops vertically.

Comprehension-II

5. (B)
Spring cut into 3 equal parts then spring constant of each part becomes 3k
in parallel
k eff  k1  k 2  k 3 = 9k

m
T '  2
9k
T
T' 
3

6. (D)

kx
x
kx cos 60 kx cos 60
x cos 60 x cos 60
60 60
60 60
x

Fnet  kx  2kx cos 2 60

22
 3
= kx
2
3
k eff  k
2
7. (C)
k eff in series = k
k eff in parallel = 9k

Comprehension-III

8. (D)
When spring of 2k displaces x, spring of k displaces by 2s (torque balanced about mid
point)
3x
mid point displacesby  y0
2
2y 0
x
3
Fnet  2kx  k2x
= 4 kx
4k2y 0 8k
Fnet  = y0
3 3
1  8k  2
energy stored =   (y 0 )
2 3
4k 2
= y0
3

9. (A)

m
T  2
 8k 
 
3

10. (B)
w external w gravity  w spring
 2k(x) k(2x)
w gravity w gravity

3m3x 1 1
 k(2x)2  2kx 2
= 2 2 2
mg
mg3x
2
1
putting mg = 4kx =
2
23
Comprehension-IV

11. (A)
Total energy remains constant

12. (D)
d  A sin( t)
1  d
t sin 1  
  A

13. (B)
v   A2  x2
at x = 0 v  maximum
x  A v=0

Match the Column

14. (A)  P, R, (B) R, (C)  P, Q, (D)  P, Q

m
 Fres  g  Ax 

m
T  2
Ag
(B) R

 x
Fres  (mg  vg)
m L
(C)  P, Q
Liquid will behave as a point mass
(D)  P, Q
a area
x x

Fres  g(2x)a

Fres  (g2a)x

m L
T  2  2
(g2a) 2g

15. A Q, BR, CP, DP

L
T  2
g eff

24
 g eff | g  a |
3g
(A) g eff 
2
g
(B) g eff 
2

 3g
2
(C) g eff  g 2 

GM
GM  GM 
g eff  2  2 2  2  2   2g
(d) R  R  R 
 
2

16. (A)  R, (B)  S, (C)  P, (D)  P

17. (A)  P, Q, (B)  P, Q, (C)  S, (D)  R

18. AQ, BP, CR, D S

y  A sin(t)
v  A cos(t)
1
(A) K.E.  mv 2  max at t  0
2
(B) PE = min at t = 0

EXERCISE 4
1. x  0.2cos5t
2
Time period T   0.4s
5
Particle is at x = 0.2 at t = 0
t=0

-A x=0 +A
from x = + A to x = 0
it takes 0.1s
Total distance convered in 0.7 s is
s = 7 × A = 7 × 0.2 = 1.4 m
Totaldis tan ce 1.4
average speed < v > = = = 2m/s
Total time 0.7
2. From the given graph

x x

comparing with

25
 a   2 x




 1 
frequency f  
2 2 

3. T  2 mgd

 mL2 mL2  m 3L
 12  mL2

3  4
= 2 cm
 3L 
 2m   m
4

17L
= 2
18g

4. F = –10 x + 2
F = – 10 (x – 0.2) v=0 x=0 mean position
k =10 x=-2 0.2
m = 0.1 kg Amplitude
10 2
= 10 rad/s Time period = s
0.1 10
mean position at x = 0.2
Amplitude A = + 2 + 0.2 = 2.2m
equation since particle starts from extreme
x  0.2  2.2 cos t
x  2.2 cos t  0.2

5. U  x 2  4x  3
dv
(i) F  2x  4
dx
= –2(x –2) (SHM) equilibrium position at x = + 2
1
(ii) T  2  2
2
(iii) V  A
2 6  A 2 , 2 3m  A

6. Water doesn't roll as the cylinder so it is treated as point mass a.

about constant poit
   k(R )R
restoring

26
 I   kR 2
(2MR 2  mR 2 )   kR 2

water as point mass 

k
2 
2M  m
when water becomes ice (neglecting change in volume)
ice behaves as solid cylinder
I   kR 2
 3 2
 2MR  mR     kR 
2 2

k

3
2M  m
2
7. (a) For small amplitude, the two blocks oscillate together. The angular frequency is
k
=
Mm
Mm
and so the time period T = 2 .
k
(b) The acceleration of the blocks at displacement x from the mean position is
 kx 
a = – 2x =  M  m
The resultant force on the upper block is, therefore,
 mkx 
ma =  M  m
This force is provided by the friction of the lower block.
 mk | x | 
Hence, the magnitude of the frictional force is  M  m 
(c) Maximum force of friction required for simple harmonic motion of the upper block is
mk A
at the extreme positions. But the maximum frictional force can only be µ mg. Hence
Mm
mk A
= µ mg
Mm
µ(M  m)g
or, A=
k

8. When the elevator is stationary, the spring is stretched to support

the block. If the extension is x, the tension is kx which should balance
the weight of the block.
Thus, x = mg/k. As the cable breaks, the elevator starts falling with
acceleration ‘g’. We shall work in the frame of reference of the
elevator. Then we have to use a psuedo force mg upward on the
block.
This force will ‘balance’ the weight. Thus, the block is subjected to a net force kx by the spring

27
 when it is at a distance x from the position of unstretched spring. Hence, its motion in the elevator
is simple harmonic with its mean position corresponding to the unstretched spring. Initially, the
spring is stretched by x = mg/k, where the velocity of the block (with respect to the elevator) is
zero. Thus, the amplitude of the resulting simple harmonic motion is mg/k.

9. The situation is shown in figure. The moment of inertia of the disc about the wire is
mr 2 (0.200 kg)(5.0  10 2 m) 2
= = = 2.5 × 10–4 kg - m2.
2 2
The time period is given by

T = 2
C

4 2 4 2 (2.5  104 kg  m2 ) kg  m2
or, C= 2 = = 0.25 .
T (0.20s)2 s2

10. If the string is displaced slightly downward by x , we can write,the net (restoring)force
 (x  2x)2 g
 2xg
Peg

 (5)  
x  2xg
2g A B
or 
x x
5

2g
 
5

2 5
or T  2
 g

11. When the plank is situated symmetrically on the drums,

the reactions on the plank from the drums will be equal
and so the force of friction will be equal in magnitude R R
but opposite in direction and hence, the plank will be in fA fB
equilibrium along vertical as well as in horizontal
direction. 2L
A B
Now if the plank is displaced by x to the right, the reaction
will not be equal. For vertical equilibrium of the plank mg
RA RB
RA  RB  mg …(i) fA fB
And for rotational of plank, taking moment about center of mass we have
RA ( L  x)  RB ( L  x ) …(ii) x
Solving Eqns. (i) and (ii), we get A mg B
 L x
RA  mg  
 2L 

 L  x
and RB  mg 
 2 L 
Now as f  R , so friction at B will be more than at A and will bring the plank back, i.e.,
restoring force here
28
 mg
F  ( f B  f A )  ( RB  RA )   x
L
As the restoring force is linear, the motion will be simple harmonic motion with force constant
mg
k
L

m L
So that T  2 k  2 g .

12. (a) If    , the ball does not collide with the wall and it performs full oscillations like a
simple pendulum.

 period  2 g

(b) If    , the ball collides with the wall and rebounds

with same speed. The motion of ball from A to Q is
one part of a simple pendulum.   l
time period of ball  2(t AQ ) . Q
Consider A as the starting point (t = 0) A
Equation of motion is x (t )  A cos t l l
x(t )    cos t ,
x(t )    cos t ,
because amplitude  A  
time from A to Q is the time t when x becomes 
     cos t

  
 t  t AQ  1/  cos 1 
  
The return path from Q to A will involve the same time interval.
Hence time period of ball  2 t AQ
2      
 cos 1     2 cos 1 
   g   

   
 2 2 cos 1  
g g  

13. Suppose that the liquid is displaced slightly from equilibrium so that its
level rises in one arm of the tube, while it is depressed in the second arm
by the same amount, x .
If the density of the liquid is  , then, the total mechanical energy of the
liquid column is :
2
h+x
1  dx  h-x
E   A(h  x)  A(h  x) .  
2  dt 

 h x h  x
  A(h  x) g   A(h  x)  g 
 2 2 
2
1  dx  1
 (2 Ah)     2 Ag  (h 2  x 2 ) (i)
2  dt  2
After differentiating the total energy and equating it to zero, one finds acceleration
29
  2 x
The angular frequency of small oscillations,  , is:
2 Ag g
  (ii)
2 Ah h

14. Suppose that the plank is displaced from its equilibrium position by x at time t , the centre of the
x
cylinder is, therefore, displaced by
2
 the mechanical energy of the system is given by,
E  K .E. E  K .E. (Plank) + P.E.(spring) + K.E. (cylinder)
2 2 2
1  dx  1 1  d  x  11   1 d  x 
E m    kx 2  2m       2m.R 2   
2  dt  2 2  dt  2   22   R dt  2  
2
1 7  dx  1
 ( m)    kx 2
2 4  dt  2
After differentiating the total energy and equating it to zero, one finds acceleration  2 x
4k
The angular frequency,  
7m

15. Suppose that the particle is displaced from its equilibrium position at O , and that its x-
coordinate at time t is given by x .
The total energy of the particle at time t is given by,,
1  dx   dy  
2 2

E m        mgy (i)
2  dt   dt  

Differentiating the equation of the curve, we get,

dx dy
2x  4a
dt dt
2
1  dx   x 2  mg 2
 E m   4a 2   4a x
1 
2  dt   
dx
  The oscillations are very small, both x and are small. We ignore terms which are
dt
dx
of higher order than quadratic terms in x or, or, mixed terms.
dt
2
1  dx  1  mg  2
 E m    x (ii)
2  dt  2  2a 
After differentiating the total energy and equating it to zero, one finds acceleration =  2 x
The angular frequency of small oscillations is, consequently,
mg g
  (iii)
2a.m 2a

16. At equilibrium the net force on the cylinder is zero in the vertical direction:
Fnet  B  W  0 , B  the buoyancy and W  the weight of the cylinder..
When the cylinder is depressed slightly by x , the buoyancy increases from B to B  B where:

30
 B  | x |  Ag
while the weight W remains the same.
 the net force, Fnet  B  B  W
 B  | x |  Ag
d 2x
The equation of motion is, therefore, s Ah   x Ag
dt 2
the minus sign takes into account the fact that x and restoring force are in opposite directions.
d 2x g
  x 
dt 2 s h
and the angular frequency,  , is
g 

hs

17. Suppose that the rod is displaced by a small angle  as shown in the figure. The total
mechanical energy of the system is given by,
1  1
E  m 2 2  mg (1  cos )  k () 2 A k
3 2 2
kx
1 1  2 mg   2
 m 2 2   k    (i) 
3 2 2 
 the angular frequency of small oscillations is, mg

mg  O
k 2 
 2  3k  3g
1 2 m 2 (ii)
m
3
The condition for the system to be oscillation is,
3k 3 g mg
 or, k (iii)
m 2 2

18. Suppose that the block is depressed by x . The pulley (owing to the constraint) is depressed by
x
. Suppose that the tension in the string are T & T  on both sides. We can write:
2
For block: mg  T  mx ...(i)


x k
For pulley: T  T   mg  k ( x  x0 )  m … (ii)
2


x/2
The angular acceleration of the pulley,   … (iii)
R


x T
(T  T )  R  I  … (iv) T’ x
2R
m
From (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) we get, mg
 5m I 
3mg  k ( x  x0 )    2  
x … (v)
 2 2R 
31
 The frequency of small oscillation,

1 k
f 
2 5m I

2 2R2

19. (a) At equilibrium, the net torque on the pulley is zero.

m1 g  R  mg  R sin  … (i)
m1
or, sin  
m
m
or,   sin 1 1 … (ii)
m O
m 
T
mg

m1

mg

(b) If the system is displaced slightly from the equilibrium

position, it oscillates. Suppose that the position of the
particle is given by the angular variable  , at some instant.
The total mechanical energy is given by:
E  K .E.  P.E.
11  1 1
where, K .E.   MR 2   2  (mR 2 ) 2  m1 R 2 2 O
22  2 2
m 
and, P.E.= loss in P.E. of m1 + gain in P.E. of m
  m1 gR(   )  mgR(cos   cos )
 
  m1 gR()  2mgR sin sin
2 2 m1
   
  m1 gR  2mgR sin     sin
 2 2
2
   
  m1 gR    2mgR   sin   2mgR cos   
2  2
where  is defined by the expression :     ,  being a small quantity. Since the frequency
depends only on terms which are quadratic in  , we can write,
11  1
E   M  m  m1  R 2 2  mgR cos  () 2 + terms linear in  or, constants.
2 2  2
After differentiating the total energy and equating it to zero, one finds acceleration =  2 x
mgR cos 
 the angular frequency,  
1  2
 M  m  m1  R
2 

32
 1 mg cos 
and the frequency, f  .
2  1 
 M  m  m1  R
 2 

20. (a) Since the system is in equilibrium, we can write the tension in the string, T as:
T  m102 r
and, T  m2 g
 m102 r  m2 g … (i)

(b) Suppose that the block m2 is depressed by x . The radius of the circle of rotation is now
given by,

r  r  x .

and the angular speed  is given by,,

B’ A’ m1w2(r-x)2
m1r 2 0  m1 (r  x) 2 
(f-x) m1g
(l+x)
0 r 2 T
or,   (ii)
( r  x) 2 C’
mg
The free body diagram as well as the geometry of
the problem are as shown in the adjacent figure.

d2
m1 ( r  x )  m1  2 ( r  x )  T (iii)
dt 2

d2
m2 (  x)  m2 g  T (iv)
dt 2

The first term on the RHS of the equation (iii) can be rewritten as,

3
m102 r 4 2  x
m12 (r  x)   m  r
1 0  1  
( r  x )3  r

 3x 
 m102 r  1   (after binomial expansion and assuming x  r )
 r 

Equation (iii) and (iv) become

 3x 
 m1 
x  m102 r 1    T
 r 

m2 
x  T  m2 g .

2  3x 
Adding, (m1  m2 ) x  m10 r 1  r   m2 g
 

33
 3m102
 
x x (v)
m1  m2

Thus the angular frequency of small oscillations,  , is given by,,

3m1
  0 (vi)
m1  m2

34
Only One Option Correct
1. (C)

2. (D)

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3. (C)

4. (D)

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5. (C)

6. (B)

7. (B)

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8. (B)

One or More than One Option Correct

1. (A, D)

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2. (A, B, D)

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Matrix Match Type
1. (C)

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Integer Answer Type
1. (2.09)
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2. (6)

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