Common Cations, Anions, Acids, Salts and Hydrate Nomenclature

Cations (positive ions) Anions (negative ions) Acids (H+ and anion)
H+ Hydrogen ion (proton) H– Hydride ion
NH4+ Ammonium ion F– Fluoride ion…………………………………… … HF Hydrofluoric acid
Main Group Ions Cl – Chloride ion…………………………………… … HCl Hydrochloric acid
Li+ Lithium ion Br – Bromide ion…………………………………… … HBr Hydrobromic acid
Na+ Sodium ion I– Iodide ion …………………………………… … HI Hydroiodic acid
K+ Potassium ion O 2– Oxide ion
Rb+ Rubidium ion OH– Hydroxide ion
Cs+ Cesium ion O22– Peroxide ion
Be2+ Beryllium ion S2– Sulfide ion ……………………………………… H 2S Hydrosulfuric acid
Mg2 Magnesium ion HS– Hydrogen sulfide ion
Ca2+ Calcium ion Se2– Selenide Ion
Sr2+ Strontium ion N3– Nitride ion
Ba2+ Barium ion N3 – Azide ion
AI3+ Aluminum ion P3– Phosphide ion
Sn2+ Tin(II) (stannous) ion As3- Arsinide ion
Sn4+ Tin(IV) (stannic) ion C4– Carbide ion
Pb2+ Lead(II) (plumbous) ion CN– Cyanide ion…………………………………… … HCN Hydrocyanic Acid
Pb4+ Lead(IV) (plumbic) ion Oxoanions Oxoacids
Sb3+ Antimony(III) (antimonous) ion CIO1– Hypochlorite ion……………………………… … HCIO Hypochlorous acid
Sb5+ Antimony(V) (antimonic) ion CIO2– Chlorite ion…………………………………… … HCIO2 Chlorous acid
Bi3+ Bismuth(III) (bismuthous) ion CIO3– Chlorate ion…………………………………… … HCIO3 Chloric acid
Bi5+ Bismuth(V) (bismuthic) ion ClO4– Perchlorate ion ……………………………… … HClO4 Perchloric acid
Transition metal ions SO32– Sulfite ion……………………………………… … H2SO3 Sulfurous acid
Cr2+ Chromium(II) (chromous) ion SO42– Sulfate ion ……………………………………… H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
Cr3+ Chromium(III) (chromic) ion HSO4– Hydrogen sulfate ion (bisulfate ion)
Mn2+ Manganese(II) (manganous) ion S2O32- Thiosulfate ion ………………………………… H 2S 2O 3 Thiosulfuric acid
Mn3+ Manganese(III) (manganic) ion NO2– Nitrite ion ………………………………………… HNO2 Nitrous acid
Fe2+ Iron(II) (ferrous) ion NO3– Nitrate ion………………………………………… HNO3 Nitric acid
Fe3+ Iron(III) (ferric) ion PO33– Phosphite ion………………………………… … H3PO3 Phosphorous acid
Co2+ Cobalt(II) (cobaltous) ion PO43– Phosphate ion………………………………… … H3PO4 Phosphoric acid
Co3+ Cobalt(III) (cobaltic) ion HPO42– (Mono)hydrogen phosphate ion
Ni2+ Nickel(II) (nickelous) ion H2PO4– Dihydrogen phosphate ion
Ni3+ Nickel(III) (nickelic) ion CO32– Carbonate ion………………………………… … H2CO3 Carbonic Acid
Cu+ Copper(l) (cuprous) ion HCO3– Hydrogen carbonate ion (bicarbonate ion)
Cu2+ Copper(II) (cupric) ion C2O42– Oxalate ion ……………………………………… H 2C 2O 4 Oxalic acid
Ag+ Silver(I) ion NCO– Cyanate ion…………………………………… … HOCN Cyanic Acid
Au+ Gold(I) (aurous) ion OCN– Isocyanate ion…………………………………… HNCO Isocyanic acid
Au3+ Gold(III) (auric) ion SCN– Thiocyanate ion……………………………… … HNCS Thiocyanic Acid
Zn2+ Zinc ion CrO42– Chromate ion ………………………………… … H2CrO4 Chromic acid
Cd2+ Cadmium ion Cr2O72– Dichromate ion ……………………………… … H2Cr2O7 (Di)Chromic acid
Hg22+ Mercury(I) (mercurous) ion MnO4– Permanganate ion
Hg2+ Mercury(II) (mercuric) ion

Salts (Made of ions, neutral in charge) # of Water Prefix

Name: (Cation)(anion) (prefix)hydrate (If # = 0 hydrate is omitted) 1 Mono
Formula: (Cation)m(Anion)n·(#)H2O (If # = 0 H2O is omitted) 2 Di
Examples 3 Tri
Cations on the left, anions on the right, charge must cancel 4 Tetra
Strontium Chloride = Strontium ions and Chloride ions = Sr+2 and Cl‐ = SrCl2 5 Penta
6 Hexa
Multiples of polyatomic ions require parenthesis
7 Hepta
Ammonium Sulfate = Ammonium ions and Sulfate ions = NH4+ and SO42‐ = (NH4)2SO4
8 Octa
Calcium Phosphate = Calcium ions and Phosphate ions = Ca2+ and PO43‐ = Ca3(PO4)2
9 Nona
Waters of hydration (use table to left)
10 Deca
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate = CuSO4∙5H2O 11 Undeca