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Chapter 1 Revision

The document outlines the three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, detailing their arrangement, separation, movement, attraction, volume, shape, kinetic energy, and compressibility. It explains the processes of melting, boiling, condensing, and freezing, highlighting the changes in kinetic energy and particle movement during these transitions. Additionally, it provides a method for determining the state of a substance based on its temperature relative to its melting and boiling points.

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sithumoemyintjaywalker
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17 views9 pages

Chapter 1 Revision

The document outlines the three main states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, detailing their arrangement, separation, movement, attraction, volume, shape, kinetic energy, and compressibility. It explains the processes of melting, boiling, condensing, and freezing, highlighting the changes in kinetic energy and particle movement during these transitions. Additionally, it provides a method for determining the state of a substance based on its temperature relative to its melting and boiling points.

Uploaded by

sithumoemyintjaywalker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Three Main States of Matter

Solid Liquid Gas


Matter Solid Liquid Gas

Arangement arranged in regular pattern. arranged in irregular pattern. arranged in irregular pattern.

the particles are closely packed the particles are still touching but some
Separation the particles are far apart.
together. gaps are appeared.

the particles can only vibrate at the particles are moving around
Movement the particles can move freely in all directions.
the fixed position. (can’t move) randomly, sliding past over each other.

Attraction very strong. Strong. (but weaker than solid) Very weak (almost no force of attraction)

Volume fixed fixed not fixed/variable

not fixed (takes the shape of bottom of


Shape fixed not fixed (takes the shape of whole of container)
container)

Kinetic energy less less much

Compressibility not compressible not compressible compressible


GAS

ON SU
TI BL
SA IM
EN
D AT
N IO
CO N
D
N EP
IO O
AT SI
OR TI
AP O
EV N

MELTING

FREEZING

LIQUID SOLID
Melting
As heat is added, the particles gain kinetic energy, increase particles motion.
Increased vibration weaken attractive forces(intermolecular forces) between
particles.
At the melting point, enough energy overcomes this attractive force., they lose this
fixed arrangement, can move more randomly and change into a liquid state.

The hotter the particles, the faster they move.


Boiling
As heat is added, the particles gain kinetic energy, causing them to move faster.
At the boiling point, the particles have enough energy to overcome this attractive
forces.
They start to move freely and escape from the liquid, turning into a gas
Condensing
When a gas condenses, it loses kinetic energy, causing the particles to slow down
and move closer together.
This loss of energy allows intermolecular forces to pull the particles closer,
transitioning them to a liquid state.

The cooler the particles, the slower they move.


Freezing
The particles start to lose energy and eventually, the particles do not have enough
energy to overcome intermolecular forces and they start to arrange themselves
into a fixed, regular pattern.
Boiling and Evaporating

Evaporating Boiling

No bubbles Bubbles from throughout liquid

Takes place only on a surface of liquid Takes place throughout the whole liquid

Slower process Faster process

Occurs at any temperature Occurs at specific temperature.

Thermal energy from the surroundings. Thermal energy from external source.
Making conclusions from data: solid, liquid or gas?

Below the melting point, it is in the solid state.


Between its melting and boiling points, it is in the liquid state.
Above its boiling point, it is in the gas state.

Example : The melting point of substance X is –7.2 °C and its boiling point is 58.8 °C.
Predict its state at:
(a) 25 °C (b) –25 °C (c) 75 °C
Ans - (a) Liquid (b) Solid (c) Gas

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