*

Productivity
- GPP
NPP

# Decomposition -

↑
Ecological Pyramids

ECOSYSTEM

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12.0 INTRODUCTION
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The term ecosystem was coined by
- -
(a) E. Haeckel (b) E.Warming
(c) E.P. Odum (d) A. G. Tansley. ~
(NEET-I 2016)

Organism
↓
Population
↓
Community
↓
(Biotic abiotec)
Ecosystem&
+

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12.1 ECOSYSTEM – STRUCTURE
AND FUNCTION
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 substance
inorganic

-
The amount of nutrients, such as- carbon, nitrogen,
---
phosphorus and calcium
-
present in the
-
soil at any given time, is referred as :
-

(a) Standing crop (b) Climax

(c) Climax community (d) Standing state
(NEET-2021)

state
standing substance
standing crop
-
living
amount

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Vertical distribution of different species occupying different levels in a biotic
---
community is known as
(a) zonation (b) pyramid
(c) divergence (d) stratification.
(AIPMT 2015 Cancelled)

-
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 *
Productivity Production
Rate of
Biomass Production RNpp =

- ot guitget
-
energy-
keal n-tye
Productivity
-
*
Primary-

Prod
↓ Gross
PP-Biomass
-

Uk Net pp-Biomass stored

12.2 PRODUCTIVITY
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In an ecosystem if the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of first trophic level is:
- -

100x (kcalm-2)yr-1 what would be the GPP (Gross Primary Productivity) of the
-

- -
third trophic level of the same ecosystem?
-

2 1 100x 2 1
10x kcalm yr kcalm yr
(a) (b) 3x
x 2 1 2 1
kcalm yr x kcalm yr
(c) 10 (d)
(NEET 2024)

- Il
Ist - #
Gpp zol0X
-

Appelo C 110 %

pa Npp-x
-

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In the equation
-
Gop--
GPP – R = NPP
-
d
GPP is Gross Primary Productivity
NPP is Net Primary Productivity
R here is_______.
-
(a) Reproductive allocation
Respiratoryo
(b) Photosynthetically active radiation
(c) Respiratory quotient
(d) Respiratory loss (NEET 2023)

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In relation to Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity of an
-
ecosystem, which one of the following
-
statements is correct?
-

(a) Gross-
-
primary productivity is always less than Net primary productivity. X
-

(b) Gross primary productivity is always -

more than Net primary productivity.
-
(c) Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity are one and
same.
- X
-

(d) There is no relationship between Gross primary productivity and Net &
-

primary productivity. (NEET 2020)

R = Nppv

GOP > NPP

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The mass of living material at a trophic level at a particular time is called
---
(a) net primary productivity
(b) standing crop
(c) gross primary productivity
(d) standing state. (AIPMT 2011, 2015 Cancelled)

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In an ecosystem the rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis
-
is termed as
(a) secondary productivity - -consumers Producers
-
-

(b) net productivity &

(c) net primary productivity &
(d) gross primary productivity. (AIPMT 2015 Cancelled)

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 Decomposition matter- inorganic manmaterial
complex organic H20 co minerals.

i
,

#
Fragmentationtrivores on

- harge
OM - small Fragment -

Leaching
Catabolism -
Decomposer matte
M inpganafication
Mineralization
(minerals) -

inorganic
x

12.3 DECOMPOSITION
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 -
Identify the correct statements:
-
A. Detrivores perform fragmentation. v
B. The humus in further degraded by some- microbes during mineralization.
~
-
W
- - -

C. Water soluble inorganic nutrients go down into the soil and get
precipitated by a process called leaching. W
-
-

D. The detritus food chain begins with living organisms. X

-

E. Earthworms break down detritus into smaller particles by a process

-

called-xcatabolism.
--

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

(a) D, E, A only (b) A, B, C only
(c) B, C, D only (d) C, D, E only (NEET 2023)

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 Given below are two statements:
-Statement I: Decomposition is a process in which the detritus is degraded w
-

- -
into simpler substances by microbes.
Slower
-

Statement II: Decomposition is faster if the detritus is rich in lignin and chitin
Y -
-
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below:
(a) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct
(b) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
(c) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
(d) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
(NEET 2022)

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 -earthworm
Detritivores breakdown detritus into smaller particles. This process is called
-
(a) Decomposition (b) Catabolism
(c) Fragmentation (d) Humification

2
(NEET 2022)

00
0

O
>
- o o

08

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12.4 ENERGY FLOW
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The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem are
--
(a) green algae
(b) chemosynthetic bacteria
(c) blue-green algae
(d) coral reefs. (NEET-II 2016)

-
.
L
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"
Most-
animals that live in deep oceanic waters are
(a) tertiary consumers (b) detritivores
(c) primary consumers (d) secondary consumers. (AIPMT 2015)

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 Number
Pyramid of
-
* TC
M 2 L
-
·

* Pyramid of Biomass M
PC .

I
Produ
-> p
- .

Pyramid of Energy
-

-
upright
sea

Calways TC #
set PC
-
D pp
-

12.5 ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS -

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 -
#
Which of the following statements is not correct?
(a) Pyramid
-
of numbers in a grassland ecosystem is upright. ~
(b) Pyramid
-
of biomass in sea is generally inverted. ↓
&
-
(c) Pyramid of biomass in sea is generally upright.
-
(d) Pyramid of energy is always upright (NEET 2021)
-

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Match-the trophic levels with their correct species examples in grassland
ecosystem.
-

(A) Fourth trophic level (i) Crow

(B)
(C)
(D)
Second trophic level
First trophic level
Third trophic level
↓
- (ii)
(iii)
(iv)
#
Vulture
Rabbit
Grass
Select the correct option.
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(a) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i)
- (ii) (i) (iv)
- -

(b) (iii)
(c) (iv) (iii)(ii) (i)
(d) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (NEET 2020)

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Which of the following ecological pyramids is generally inverted?
-
(a) Pyramid of biomass in a sea
-

(b) Pyramid of numbers in grassland

(c) Pyramid of energy
-

(d) Pyramid of biomass in a forest (NEET 2019)

-

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What type of ecological pyramid would be obtained with the following data?
-

-
Secondary consumer : 120 g
-

Primary consumer : 60 g
Primary producer : 10 g&
(a) Inverted pyramid of biomass
(b) Pyramid of energy X
-

(c) Upright pyramid of numbersS

(d) Upright pyramid of - biomass (NEET 2018)

Rog
Gog
-
E
log

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Which ecosystem has the maximum biomass?
-
-

(a) Grassland ecosystem (b) Pond ecosystem

(c) Lake ecosystem (d) Forest ecosystem
(NEET 2017)
-

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1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (d) 11. (c)
12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (c) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (d)

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THANK YOU
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