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Structural_Steel_Terminology

The document provides definitions and explanations of key structural steel terminology, including terms related to load, stress, design, and material properties. It covers concepts such as built-up sections, yield stress, ductility, and various load types. This terminology is essential for understanding structural design and analysis in engineering.

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LOVNEET RAO
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3 views

Structural_Steel_Terminology

The document provides definitions and explanations of key structural steel terminology, including terms related to load, stress, design, and material properties. It covers concepts such as built-up sections, yield stress, ductility, and various load types. This terminology is essential for understanding structural design and analysis in engineering.

Uploaded by

LOVNEET RAO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structural Steel Terminology

Built-up section
A member fabricated by interconnecting more than one element to form a compound
section acting as a single member.

Characteristic Yield / Ultimate Stress


The minimum value of stress below which not more than 5% of corresponding stress of
samples tested are expected to occur.

Column
A member in vertical position which supports a roof or a floor system and is predominantly
subjected to compression.

Cumulative Fatigue
Total damage due to fatigue loading.

Dead Load
The self-weight of all permanent construction and installations, including the self-weight of
all walls, partitions, floors, roofs, and other permanent fixtures acting on a member.

Deflection
It is the deviation from the standard position of a member or structure.

Design Life
Time period for which a structure or structural element is required to perform its function
without damage.

Design Load / Factored Load


A load value obtained by multiplying the characteristic load with a load factor.

Ductility
It is the property of the material or a structure indicating the extent to which it can deform
beyond the limit of yield deformation before failure or fracture.

Earthquake Load
The inertia forces produced in a structure due to the ground movement during an
earthquake.

Effective Length
Actual length of a member between points of effective restraint or effective restraint & free
end, multiplied by a factor to take account of the end conditions in buckling strength
calculations.
Elastic Design
Design which assumes elastic behavior of materials throughout the service load range.

Factor of Safety
The factor by which the yield stress of material of a member is divided to arrive at the
permissible stress in the material.

Fatigue
Damage caused by repeated fluctuations of stress, leading to progressive cracking in a
structural element.

Gravity Load
Loads acting due to gravitational effects.

Imposed (Live) Load


The load assumed to be produced by the intended use or occupancy, including distributed,
concentrated, impact, vibration, and snow loads but excluding wind, earthquake, and
temperature loads.

Instability
The phenomenon which disables an element, member, or a structure to carry further load
due to excessive deflection lateral to the direction of loading and vanishing stiffness.

Limit State
Any limiting condition beyond which the structure ceases to fulfill its intended function.

Partial Safety Factor


The factor, normally greater than unity, by which either the loads are multiplied or the
resistances are divided to obtain the design values.

Poisson’s Ratio
It is the absolute value of the ratio of the lateral strain to longitudinal strain under uniaxial
loading.

Proof Stress
The stress to which high-strength friction grip (H.S.F.G.) bolts are pre-tensioned.

Serviceability Limit State


A limit state of acceptable service condition, exceedance of which causes serviceability
failure.

Plastic Design
A design method in which the ultimate load capacity of a structure is used to determine its
strength.
Slenderness Ratio
The ratio of the effective length of a column to its least radius of gyration, which determines
its susceptibility to buckling.

Residual Stress
Stresses that remain in a material after it has been manufactured or subjected to external
forces and then released.

Shear Stress
A stress that acts parallel to the surface of a material due to forces applied in opposite
directions.

Tensile Strength
The maximum amount of tensile stress that a material can withstand before failure.

Weldability
The ability of a material to be welded without producing defects that compromise its
performance.

Yield Stress
The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically and will not return to its original
shape when the applied stress is removed.

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