List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans

The qualifier Mongol tribes was established as an umbrella term in the early 13th century, when Temüjin (later Genghis Khan) united
the different tribes under his control and established the Mongol Empire. There were 19 Nirun tribes (marked (N) in the list) that
descended from Bodonchar and 18 Darligin tribes (marked (D) in the list),[1] which were also core Mongolic tribes but not descending
from Bodonchar. The unification created a new common ethnic identity as Mongols. Descendants of those clans form the Mongolian
nation and other Inner Asian people.

Liao dynasty

Mongol Empire c.1207

Almost all of tribes and clans mentioned in the Secret History of the Mongols [2] and some tribes mentioned in the Tarikh-i-Rashidi,
there are total 33 Mongol tribes.

Core Mongolic tribes

Khori-Tumed

Khorilar

Dorben (N)

Uriankhat

Ma'alikh baya'ut (D)

Jarchi'ut Adangkhan (D)

Belgunot

Bugunot

Khatagin (N)

Eljigin

Salji'ut
Jadaran (N)

Baarin (N)

Manan Ba'arin

Jaruud
Noyakin (N)

Barlas (N)

Buda'at (N)

Adargin/Adarkin (N)
Chonos (N)

Telenggut

Uru'ut (N)

Manghut (N)

Taichi'ut (N)
 Süldüsün (D)

'Naked' Ba'arin

Besut (N)

Oronar

Khongkhotan

Arulad

Sunud

Khabturkhas

Gheniges

Yürki

Kiyat

Jurkin

Khadagin

Mangkhol

Keraites

The Keraites were a Turco-Mongol Christian (Nestorian) nation.[3][4] Prominent Christian figures were Tooril and Sorghaghtani Beki.

Tumen Tubegun; Mongolian: Tümen Tübegün

Dungkhait; Mongolian: Dongoid

Ubchikh

Jirgin

Ongchijid

Tatar confederation

Tatars were a major tribal confederation in the Mongolian Plateau.

Airi'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death

Buiri'ut, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death

Juyin other Tatars, or maybe a military organization, mentioned in connection with Ambakhai's death

Chakhan Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar; Mongolian: Tsagaan Tatar

Alchi Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar

Duta'ut Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar

Alukhai Tatar, mentioned in connection with the final destruction of the Tatar

Tariat Tatar[5]

Merkit confederation

The Merkits was a Mongol tribe or potentially a Mongolised Turkic group[6][7] who opposed the rise of Temüjin, and kidnapped his new
wife Börte. They were defeated and absorbed into the Mongol nation early in the 13th century.

Uduyid; Mongolian: Uduid Mergid

Uvas, Uvas Mergid

Khaad, Khaad Mergid

Naimans

In The Secret History of the Mongols, the Naiman subtribe the "Güchügüd" are mentioned. According to Russian Turkologist Nikolai
Aristov's view, the Naiman Khanate's western border reached the Irtysh River and its eastern border reached the Mongolian Tamir
River. The Altai Mountains and southern Altai Republic were part of the Naiman Khanate.[8] They had diplomatic relations with the
Kara-Khitans, and were subservient to them until 1175.[9] In the Russian and Soviet historiography of Central Asia they were
traditionally ranked among the Mongol-speaking tribes.[10] For instance, such Russian orientalists as Vasily Bartold, Grigory Potanin,
Boris Vladimirtsov, Ilya Petrushevsky, Nicholas Poppe, Lev Gumilyov, Vadim Trepavlov classified them as one of Mongol,[10] Other
scholars classified them as a Turkic people from Sekiz Oghuz (means "Eight Oghuz" in Turkic).[11][12][13] However, the term "Naiman"
has Mongolian origin meaning "eight", but their titles are Turkic, and they are thought by some to be possibly Mongolized Turks. They
have been described as Turkic-speaking, as well as Mongolian-speaking.[13] Like the Khitans and the Uyghurs, many of them were
Nestorian Christians or Buddhists.[14]

Ongud

The Ongud (also spelled Ongut or Öngüt; Mongolian: Онгуд, Онход; Chinese: 汪古, Wanggu; from Old Turkic öng "desolate,
uninhabited; desert" plus güt "class marker"[15]) were a Turkic tribe that later became Mongolized active in what is now Inner Mongolia
in northern China around the time of Genghis Khan (1162–1227).

Many Ongud were members of the Church of the East, They lived in an area lining the Great Wall in the northern part of the Ordos
Plateau and territories to the northeast of it.[16]

Dughlat

The Dughlats are mentioned in the Jami' al-tawarikh.

Other groups mentioned in Secret History of the Mongols

Groups whose affiliation is not really made clear: these groups may or may not be related to any of the tribes and clans mentioned
above:

Olkhonud, the clan of Temüjin's mother (D); Mongolian: Olkhunuud

Khongirad, the tribe Börte, Temüjin's first wife, descends from (D)

some clans whose members join Temüjin after the first victory over the Merkit and the separation from Jamukha:
Jalair'

Tarkhut

Bishi'ut; Mongolian: Bishiüd

Bayads

Khinggiadai (D), Khinggit, subclan of Olhunoud; Mongolian: Khingid

Gorlos (D), subclan of Olhunoud

Ikires; Mongolian: Ikhires

Sakhait

Arulat (Mongolian:Arulad)(D)

Oronar

some clans that take part in Sangums conspiracy:

Ebugedjin; Mongolian: Övögjin

Kharta'at (N?)

Khorulas, clan that joins Chinggis at the Baljun lake

Tokhura'ut

Negus or Chonos tribe, clan whose chief is killed together with the 70 Chinos princes

See also

List of Mongol states

List of modern Mongol clans

Proto-Mongols