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67387d3c-2def-4692-a934-b9c9b01bb97c

The document discusses the Binomial Theorem, including the general term, middle term, and terms independent of x in the expansion of (x + y)^n. It also covers the multinomial theorem, binomial theorem for negative or fractional indices, and various results on binomial coefficients. Additionally, it addresses the greatest coefficient and term in the expansion of (x + a)^n.

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10 views1 page

67387d3c-2def-4692-a934-b9c9b01bb97c

The document discusses the Binomial Theorem, including the general term, middle term, and terms independent of x in the expansion of (x + y)^n. It also covers the multinomial theorem, binomial theorem for negative or fractional indices, and various results on binomial coefficients. Additionally, it addresses the greatest coefficient and term in the expansion of (x + a)^n.

Uploaded by

rahulsuman10jmt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER

11 Binomial Theorem

Important terms in the binomial expansion are (b) For greatest term: Greatest term
(a) General term: The general term or the (r + 1)th
term in the  n +1
TP and Tp +1 if x is an integer
expansion of (x + y)n is given by  +1
Tr + 1 = nCr xn–r . yr =  a

T n +1
(b) Middle term: The middle term (s) is the expansion of if is non integer and ∈ (q, q + 1), q ∈ I
 q +1 x
(x + y)n is (are):  +1
 a
(i) If n is even, there is only one middle term which is given
by Multinomial Theorem
For any n ∈ N, n!
T(n + 2)/2 = nCn/2 . xn/2 . yn/2
(i) (x1 + x2 + ... + xk)n = ∑ n r1 ! r2 !... rk !
x1r1 x2r2 ... xkrk
(ii) If n is odd, there are two middle terms which are r1 + r2 + ... + rk =

T(n + 1)/2 and T[(n + 1)/2] + 1 (ii) The general term in the above expansion is
n!
(c) Term independent of x: Term independent of x contains no x ; x1r1 x2r2 ... xkrk
Hence find the value of r for which the exponent of x is zero. r1 !r2 !... rk !
Here total number of terms in the expansion = n+k–1Ck–1.
If ( A + B)n =+
I f , where I & n are positive integers
Binomial Theorem for Negative or Fractional Indices
and 0 ≤ f < 1, then n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1)(n − 2) 3
(a) (I + f) · f = Kn if n is odd & A – B2 = K > 0 If n ∈ Q, then (1 + x)n = 1 + nx + x + x
2! 3!
(b) (I + f)(1 – f) = kn if n is even & A –B<1 + ... ∞ provided | x | < 1.

Some results on binomial coefficients Notes


(i) (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + ... ∞
(a) nCx = nCy ⇒ x = y or x + y = n (ii) (1 + x)–1 = 1 – x + x2 – x3 + ... ∞
(b) nCr – 1 + nCr = n+1Cr (iii) (1 – x)–2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ... ∞
C1 C2 Cn 2n +1 − 1 (iv) (1 + x)–2 = 1 – 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + ... ∞
(c) C0 + ℵ ...
2 3 n +1 n +1 Exponential series
C C C (−1) Cn n
1 x x 2 x3
(d) C0 – 1 + 2 − 3 ... + = (a) ex = 1 + + + + ... ∞ ; where x may be any real or
2 3 4 n +1 n +1 1! 2! 3!
n
(e) C0 + C1 + C2 + ... = Cn = 2n  1
complex number and e = lim 1 +  .
(f) C0 + C2 + C4 + ... = C1 + C3 + C5 + ... = 2n–1
n→∞
 n
(2n)! x x2 2 x3 3
(g) C02 + C12 + C22 + ... + Cn2 = 2nCn = (b) ax = 1 + na + n a + n a + ... ∞, where a > 0 .
n !n ! 1! 2! 3!
(2n)! Logarithmic Series
(h) C0·Cr + C1.Cr+1 + C2·Cr+2 + ... + Cn–rCn =
(n + r )! (n − r ) x 2 x3 x 4
(a) ln (1 + x) = x – + − + ... ∞, where –1 < x ≤ 1.
2 3 4
Greatest coefficient and Greatest Term in Expansion
x 2 x3 x 4
of (x + a)n (b) ln (1 – x) = – x – − − – ... ∞, where –1 ≤ x < 1.
2 3 4
(a) If n is even greatest coefficient is nCn/2.
(1 + x)  x3 x5 
If n is odd greatest coefficient is n C n − 1  or n C n + 1  (c) ln = 2 x + + + ... ∞  , | x | < 1.
    (1 − x)  3 5 
 2   2 

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