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Unit 10

The document discusses the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and their expansion with temperature increases. It explains the use of rivets and bimetallic strips in construction and temperature control, respectively, and highlights the importance of specific heat capacity in heating water. Additionally, it addresses the effects of pressure on boiling and melting points, as well as the energy required for phase changes in substances.

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kaungmyat5192007
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8 views28 pages

Unit 10

The document discusses the states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and their expansion with temperature increases. It explains the use of rivets and bimetallic strips in construction and temperature control, respectively, and highlights the importance of specific heat capacity in heating water. Additionally, it addresses the effects of pressure on boiling and melting points, as well as the energy required for phase changes in substances.

Uploaded by

kaungmyat5192007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q. How many states of matter are there?

Solid Liquid Gas


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Solids, liquids and Gases expand when their temperature rises.


Expand: Particles
✓ gain kinetic energy
✓ move faster pushing each other further apart
✓ take more space. (volume increase)

Q. Which expands most , a solid, a liquid or a


gas for a given rise in temperature?
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Rivets
➢ Rivets are used in shipbuilding and other
industries to join metal plates.
➢ Red hot rivet is passed through holes in
two metal plates.
➢ Hammered unit the end are rounded.
➢ As the rivet cools, it contracts and pulls
the two plates together tightly.
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Bimetallic Strips
➢ Bimetallic strips are used in fire alarms and
thermostats .
Thermostats are used to control the
temperature of devices such as ovens and iron.
➢ It is designed to bend as it gets hot.
➢ It is made of two metals joined firmly together.
➢ One metal expands much more than the other.
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Bend Downward - More expand metal Bend Upwnward - More expand metal puts
puts at the top at the bottom
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➢Materials expansion can cause problems.


➢Metal Bridges and railway line expand on hot days and there is a danger
that they might bend.
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➢ To avoid danger, bridges and railway lines put


expansion joints section.
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✓ Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
✓ It does not depend on the size of the object.
✓ Internal energy is the total energy (k.e+p.e) of the particles in an object.
✓ It depends on the size of the object.
Sparkler-1500℃ Bath of water-50℃
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The amount of energy you need to supply to boil the water depend on two facts:
✓ The Mass of water (m)
✓ The increase in temperature (∆𝜽)
To calculate how much energy must be supplied to boil a certain mass of water, we
need to know a third facts:
✓ The Specific heat capacity (c)
It takes 4200 J to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 ℃.

Energy required (∆𝑬)=mc ∆𝜽


∆𝑬 𝑃𝑡 𝐼𝑉𝑡
c= = =
m∆𝜽 m∆𝜽 m∆𝜽 Unit c=J/(kg ℃)
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➢Energy required/needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the


substance by 1 ℃

Look Table 10.1 From pg. 176

Q. Which material has highest value of specific heat capacity?

Water

✓ It takes a lot of energy to heat up water.


✓ Hot water takes a long time to cool down.

The consequences of this can be seen in our climates.


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Q. What happens to the temperature when you take some ice from the freezer and heat it
at steady rate?

A. Ice is heating up
B. Ice is melting
C. Water is heating up
D. Water is boiling
E. Steam is heating up
Horizontal lines- Temperature stays the same even
though energy is being supplied to it.
Energy is provided to break bonds between the
particles and change a substance from solid to
liquid.
Energy is provided to overcome the attraction
between the particles when the a substance from
liquid to gas.
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1.Gas cooling – the gas is being cooled down


as time goes on.
2.Gas to liquid – once the gas reaches its
condensation point, the gas condenses into a
liquid.
3.Liquid cooling – the liquid is being cooled
down as time goes on.
4.Liquid to solid – once the liquid reaches its
freezing point, the liquid freezes into a solid.
5. As energy loses, particles slow down and
the bonds holding the particles together re-
form.
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➢Boling and melting points of a substance can change if the air pressure
changes.
Melting Point for water- 0 ℃.
Boling Point for water- 100 ℃.
At standard temperature- 1 atm/101.32 kPa
➢ At altitude, water boils at a lower temperature.

Q. What is the boiling point of water at 4712 ft above sea level?


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➢Pure substance has a clear melting and boiling point.


➢Mixture of substances may melt or boil over the range of temperature.
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➢ If the pressure is reduced, the liquid requires less energy to change to a gaseous
phase, and boiling occurs at a lower temperature.
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Q. How many states of matter are there?

Solid Liquid Gas


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Melts
4 (a) Solid Sliver liquid silver
Initially, molecules are closely together and only vibrate in fixed position. As it
is heated, molecules are less closely together than solid and moves around.

(b) 950 ℃
(c) 3 min
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(a)156000 J
(b)5306 J/kg ℃
(c) Too High. Some of heat energy
is transferred to the dish.
(d) Spaghetti. Because it has low
specific heat capacity/ it stored less
amount of energy.
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14. Forces between tungsten atoms are


stronger than forces between iron atoms.

15. (a) It is melting.


(b) Energy is required to break bond
between particles/to overcome the
attraction force between the particles.

16. Unfold tower-increase the surface area


Wind day- provides a moving air/draught
Warm- increase temperature of air
Theses three factors increase the rate of
evaporation.
17. The water from the damp cloth will
evaporate. Thermal energy from the damp
cloth used to evaporate.

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